Child and family characteristic |
Read stories |
Told stories |
Sung to |
Taken on errands |
Played peek-a-boo |
Played outside |
|
Total |
33 |
27 |
74 |
64 |
68 |
47 |
Age |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less than 10 months |
31 |
26 |
73 |
63 |
68 |
46 |
11–13 months |
32 |
27 |
73 |
65 |
69 |
47 |
14–22 months |
44 |
37 |
73 |
70 |
64 |
59 |
Sex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Male |
32 |
27 |
73 |
64 |
68 |
48 |
Female |
33 |
27 |
74 |
64 |
68 |
46 |
Race/ethnicity1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
American Indian |
18 |
23 |
64 |
75 |
64 |
46 |
Asian/Pacific Islander |
26 |
25 |
71 |
38 |
73 |
43 |
Black |
23 |
24 |
73 |
63 |
61 |
45 |
White |
41 |
31 |
75 |
65 |
72 |
47 |
Hispanic |
21 |
21 |
70 |
64 |
64 |
48 |
Birth weight2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Normal |
33 |
27 |
73 |
64 |
68 |
47 |
Low |
29 |
28 |
76 |
58 |
70 |
44 |
Very low |
27 |
28 |
73 |
51 |
66 |
38 |
Poverty status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Poor |
22 |
24 |
67 |
64 |
64 |
48 |
Nonpoor |
36 |
28 |
75 |
64 |
70 |
47 |
Mother’s education |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less than high school |
22 |
22 |
66 |
64 |
65 |
50 |
High school diploma or equivalent |
27 |
25 |
72 |
67 |
70 |
44 |
Some college |
35 |
29 |
78 |
65 |
69 |
44 |
Bachelor’s degree or higher |
48 |
33 |
79 |
59 |
70 |
48 |
Family type |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Two parents, with other siblings |
31 |
25 |
71 |
63 |
65 |
46 |
Two parents, without other siblings |
38 |
32 |
78 |
62 |
75 |
48 |
One parent, with other siblings |
24 |
25 |
72 |
62 |
65 |
46 |
One parent, without other siblings |
29 |
27 |
73 |
71 |
70 |
48 |
Primary language spoken in the home |
|
|
|
|
|
|
English |
36 |
29 |
75 |
65 |
70 |
46 |
Other than English |
18 |
19 |
67 |
57 |
63 |
49 |
Mother’s employment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
35 hours or more |
29 |
26 |
73 |
59 |
67 |
41 |
Less than 35 hours |
36 |
27 |
75 |
66 |
69 |
46 |
Unemployed |
27 |
26 |
75 |
68 |
71 |
50 |
Not in labor force |
34 |
28 |
73 |
65 |
68 |
51 |
Number of family risk factors3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Zero |
41 |
31 |
77 |
64 |
70 |
46 |
One |
25 |
25 |
73 |
64 |
67 |
47 |
Two or more |
20 |
20 |
65 |
63 |
64 |
51 |
|
1 American Indian includes Alaska Native, Black includes African American, Pacific Islander includes Native Hawaiian, and Hispanic includes Latino. Race catagories exclude Hispanic origin unless specified.
|
2 Normal birth weight is more than 5.5 pounds; low birthweight is more than 3.3 to 5.5 pounds; and very low birthweight is 3.3 pounds or less.
|
3 Family risk factors include living below the poverty level, living in a household where the primary language was not English, having a mother whose highest education was less than a high school diploma or equivalent, and living in a single-parent household. See supplemental note 1 for more information on mother’s education and poverty.
|
NOTE: While the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS–B) was designed to collect information on children about 9 months of age (i.e., 8 to 10 months), children were assessed as young as 6 months and as old as 22 months. Seventy-two percent of the children were between 8 and 10 months at the time of the assessment, and 84 percent were between 8 and 11 months. See supplemental note 3 for more information.
|
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS–B), Restricted-Use File (NCES 2004–093), previously unpublished tabulation (January 2005).
|