CDC - NCHHSTP Director's Blog

Last week, NCHHSTP hosted a unique gathering that looked at how CDC and its partners could address the social factors that can lead to infectious diseases and health disparities—we refer to these as the social determinants of health. In preparation for the meeting, I found myself reflecting on the complexity of society and the domino effects that can result when basic foundations of education, health care, and financial security are fragile or absent.

This two-day meeting convened more than 100 participants from a diverse range of academic, scientific, public health, and community backgrounds. We each brought our own views on this subject and the role of social determinants in the prevention of HIV/AIDS, viral hepatitis, STD and TB.

Discussions focused on efforts to accelerate the reduction of health disparities and promotion of health equity for our infectious diseases. The group identified poverty, poor educational attainment, poor access to health care, high incarceration rates, and persistent stigma and discrimination and the complex relationships among these factors as key determinants. Discussions also identified and prioritized justifiable suggestions that address social determinants of health in the areas of health policy, surveillance and epidemiology, prevention research and evaluation, and agency partnerships and capacity building. Mention was made as well of the current economic downturn and a renewed focus on prevention.

The suggestions from this meeting will inform every part of our Center's funding, relationships, and work. They will provide a framework and road map for strengthening our efforts in this arena. In the coming months, we will publish proceedings from this meeting and a White Paper on the Social Determinants of Health. We are committed to clarifying the "final mile"—our vision for what we want to achieve—as well as clear and actionable strategies for moving forward. We are also committed to ensuring proactive engagement of our partners and the public along the way.

In closing, many participants agreed that the focus on social determinants of health for reducing health disparities and promoting health equity was appropriate and timely. I’m excited about this enhanced focus for our National Center and look forward to hearing what you are doing in your own jurisdictions, and working with you, as we build on these discussions and begin development of actionable steps.

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Thank you for your post. You bring up a very important question and I welcome the chance to address this important issue.

TB bacteria is spread through the air from one person to another when someone who is sick with TB disease of the lungs or throat coughs, speaks, laughs, sings, or sneezes. In most people who breathe in TB bacteria and become infected, the body is able to fight the bacteria to stop them from growing. The bacteria become inactive, but they remain alive in the body and can become active later. This is referred to as latent TB infection. A person can have latent TB infection for years. But if that person's immune system gets weak, the infection can quickly turn into active TB disease. Also, if a person who has a weak immune system spends time with someone with active TB disease, he or she may become infected with TB bacteria and quickly develop active TB disease.

Because HIV infection weakens the immune system, people with latent TB infection and HIV infection are at very high risk of developing active TB disease. All persons with HIV infection should be tested to find out if they have latent TB infection. If they have latent TB infection, they need treatment as soon as possible to prevent them from developing active TB disease. If they have active TB disease, they must take medicine to treat the disease. CDC has a booklet, Take Steps to Control TB When You Have HIV, about the importance of TB testing, treating TB infection, and treating TB disease when a person has HIV infection.

As far as risk factors for HIV and TB co-infection, I will have to give you a two - fold answer. First, there are specific risk factors for acquiring HIV. We have outlined these risks on the basic information section of our HIV Web site.

Next, to get infected with TB bacteria, an individual would have to come in contact with someone with active TB disease. People with TB disease are most likely to infect people they spend time with every day, such as family members or coworkers. Individuals who have come in contact with someone with active TB disease should contact their doctor or their local health department to get tested. CDC provides contact information for the TB Control Offices in each state on our TB Web site.

Hope this answers your question.
Kevin

Posted by Dr. Kevin Fenton on Monday, January 12, 2009 at 10:32 am ET

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Well, it has been a busy November and things are moving at a rapid pace as we approach the end of the year. I hope you all had a wonderful Thanksgiving holiday and wish you well in your activities for World AIDS Day 2008.

The U.S. HIV epidemic continues to evolve with increased diagnoses being reported in cities and states where HIV is traditionally has been more common. Earlier this month, officials at the Idaho Department of Health and Welfare announced that the number of HIV infections in their state have increased by 23 percent since last year. Over a dozen of those newly diagnosed were under 25 years of age.

Today marks the first day of the new fiscal year for our programs. This is a time well suited to reflection on what we’ve accomplished and a look forward to the year ahead. So I would like to share with you some of my thoughts on the past, present, and future of our work.

On Tuesday, CDC Director Dr. Julie Gerberding and I participated in a Congressional hearing titled, “The Domestic Epidemic is Worse than We Thought: A Wake-Up Call for HIV Prevention,” held by Congressman Henry A. Waxman. Dr. Tony Fauci, Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, took part in the hearing.

I have been reflecting on my experiences at the XVII International AIDS Conference

in Mexico City, which concluded close to three weeks ago. As I walked the conference hall, I could feel the amazing energy, passion and commitment that this event brings together. Once again, I was humbled and invigorated by the selfless dedication of those committed to fighting the global HIV pandemic.

Reflecting on the Social Determinants of Health