Projects & Studies
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Ambrough Slough Habitat Project, Pool 10, Wisconsin
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Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration: Section 206, Paint Creek Restoration, Waukon, Iowa
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Asian Carp Barrier System Upper Mississippi River
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Blackhawk Park Backwater Restoration Project , Victory, Wisconsin
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Bussey Lake Habitat Project, Guttenberg, Iowa
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Capoli Slough Habitat Project, Pool 9, Wisconsin
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Christine and Hickson Dams
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Cold Springs Habitat Project, Crawford County, Wis.
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Conway Lake Habitat Project, Lansing, Iowa
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Drayton Dam Habitat Restoration, Drayton, North Dakota
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Dresbach Island Revegetation Project
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East Channel Habitat Project, La Crescent, Minn./Wis.
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Endangered Species - Conservation of Native Mussels
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Environmental Infrastructure Assistance - City of Garrison and Kathio Township, Minnesota
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Environmental Infrastructure Assistance Program: Section 219 - Devils Lake and All of North Dakota
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Environmental Infrastructure Assistance Program: Section 219 at Central Lakes, Goodview, Grand Rapids, Willmar, Minnesota
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Environmental Infrastructure Assistance Program: St. Croix Falls, Wisconsin
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Fargo-Moorhead and Upstream Feasibility Study
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Feasibility Study: Blue Earth River Basin in Minnesota and Iowa
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Finger Lakes Habitat Project , Wabasha, Minnesota
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General Investigations: Hydropower, Crown Hydro, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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General Investigations: Hydropower, Ford Plant, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Grand Marais River Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration
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Guttenberg Waterfowl Ponds Habitat Project, Iowa
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Habitat Restoration: Mississippi River, Pool 8 Islands Phase III, Wisconsin/Minnesota
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Habitat Restoration: Mississippi River, Clear (Finger) Lake, Pool 5, Minnesota
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Harpers Slough Habitat Project, Pool 9, Iowa
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Hay Creek Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration - Roseau County, Minnesota
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Indian Slough Habitat Project, Buffalo County, Wis.
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Integrated Watershed Study: Minnesota River Basin in Minnesota, South Dakota, North Dakota and Iowa
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Island 116 Channel Closure & Shoreline Stabilization
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Island 42 Habitat Project, Wabasha County, Minn.
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Kinnickinnic River Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration
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Lake Onalaska Habitat Project, La Crosse, Wisconsin
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Lake Winneshiek Habitat Project, Ferryville, Wis.
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Lansing Big Lake Habitat Project, Lansing, Iowa
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Long Lake Habitat Project , Trempealeau, Wisconsin
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Long Meadow Lake Habitat Project, Bloomington, Minn.
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Lower St. Anthony Falls Rapids Restoration, Mississippi River, Minneapolis, Minn.
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Marsh Lake Ecosystem Restoration Feasibility Study, Lac Qui Parle Wildlife Area, MN
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McGregor Lake Habitat Project, Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin
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Minnehaha Creek Watershed Study
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Mississippi River Bank Stabilization Habitat Project, Minn/Wis/Iowa
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Mississippi River Locks and Dams Nos. 2-10 Embankment Rehabilitation
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Mississippi River Recreation and Environmental Stewardship, Eau Galle Dam
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Mississippi River: Lock & Dam 3 Navigation Safety and Embankments, Minnesota and Wisconsin
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Mud Lake Water Management
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North Ottawa Impoundment Project, Grant County, Minn.
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Orr, Minnesota Water Line Replacement - Section 569 Environmental Infrastructure Program
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Painter Creek Habitat Restoration, Minnehaha Creek, Minnesota
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Peterson Lake Habitat Project, Wabasha, Minnesota
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Pigs Eye Habitat Restoration Lake, St. Paul, Minnesota
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Polander Lake Habitat Project, Winona, Minnesota
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Pool 8 Islands Phase I Habitat Project, Wisconsin
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Pool 8 Islands Phase II Habitat Project, Stoddard, Wis.
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Pool 9 Island Habitat Project, Wisconsin
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Pool Slough Habitat Project, New Albin, Iowa
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Reconnaissance Report: Baraboo/Wisconsin River
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Reconnaissance Study: Minnesota River Basin in MN, SD, IA and ND
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Recreational Boating Study of the Mississippi River, Pools 4 to 9, Summer 2003
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Red Lake River/Zah Gheeng Marsh Projects, Clearwater County, Minn.
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Red River of the North Basin: Basin-Wide Watershed Management Planning
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Red River of the North Basin: Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota and Manitoba, Reconnaissance Study
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Rice Lake Habitat Project, Savage, Minnesota
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River Resource Values and Expectation
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Ruffy Brook Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration, Clearwater County, Minnesota
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Sand Hill River Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration, Minn.
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Small Scale Drawdown Habitat Project, Buffalo City, Wis.
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South Washington Watershed District
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Spring Lake Islands Habitat Project, Buffalo City, Wis.
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Spring Lake Peninsula Habitat Project, Buffalo City, Wis.
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St. Croix Headwaters Watershed Study, Wisconsin
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St. Croix River: Endangered Mussel Conservation - Zebra Mussel Control
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St. Croix Watershed Reconnaissance Study
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Streambank Protection: Section 14 Minnehaha Creek WPA Walls, Minnesota
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Streambank Protection: Section 14, Barnes County, Kathryn, North Dakota
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Streambank Protection: Section 14, Pug Hole Lake, Minnesota
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Streambank Protection: Section 14, Sartell, Minnesota
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Sturgeon Lake, Pine County, Minnesota, Wastewater Collection and Treatement Facility
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Sunrise River Watershed Study, Minnesota
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Trempealeau National Wildlife Refuge, Trempealeau, Wis
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Upper Mississippi River - Illinois Waterway System Navigation Study
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Upper St. Croix Lake Sanitary District Wastewater Collection Systems Improvement Project
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WKTY-AM Study Area
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Western Flood Control Sites - Minnesota: Lake Traverse, Orwell Lake, Hwy 75 - Bigstone, Lac qui Parle
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Western Flood Control Sites – North Dakota: Lake Ashtabula, Homme Lake Souris River
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Wild Rice River (MN) Feasibility Study
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Wild Rice River Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration, Minn.
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Zebra Mussels and Management Implications for Endangered Freshwater Mussels on the Upper Mississippi River System
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Origin and Biology
What are zebra mussels?
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Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) are native to the Caspian Sea region of Asia and were introduced into North America in the mid 1980s via ballast water discharged into Lake St. Claire (Michigan) by transoceanic ships.
Zebra mussels were first discovered in Lake St. Clair in 1988. They quickly spread to all of the Great Lakes in just one year. In June 1989, they were found in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal. By June 1991, they had spread to the main stem of the Illinois River. The first zebra mussel collected from the UMR was found south of La Crosse, Wis. in September 1991.
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Life History
Male zebra mussels release sperm directly to the water to fertilize eggs released by females. Large females release up to 1 million eggs per season when water temperatures reach 52 to 54F. Generations mature rapidly, making it difficult to control them. A body of water may have no detectable zebra mussels one year, and have its bottom covered with them the next!
Immature zebra mussels (veligers) spread via passive drift on water currents. Adults and veligers attach to boat hulls, or to wet compartments, containers and equipment in boats. Adult zebra mussels attach to natural substrates, such as rocks, native mussels, wood, aquatic plants and other zebra mussels. Commercial and recreational boats are the main vectors, carrying this species upstream and between water bodies, while currents carry veligers and juveniles downstream for further dispersal.
Zebra mussels are extraordinary filter feeders, and gain nutrients by filtering microscopic food particles from the water. A single adult mussel can filter a full liter of water per day, every day of their life. During the peak populations in Lake Erie, it was estimated that the entire volume of the Erie basin was filtered through zebra mussels every single day.
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[Printable Copy]
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