Goldstein, J.A., Faletto, M.B., Romkes-Sparks, Sullivan T, Raucy, J., Kitareewan, S., Lasker, J.M., and Ghanayem B. Evidence that CYP2C19 is the major (S)-mephenytoin 4’-hydroxylase in humans. Biochemistry 33: 1743-1752, 1994. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=8110777&query_hl=26)
de Morais, S.M.F., Wilkinson, G.R., Blaisdell, J., Nakamura, K., Meyer, U.A. and Goldstein, J.A. The major defect responsible for the polymorphism of S-mephenytoin metabolism in humans. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 15419-15422, 1994. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=8195181&query_hl=28)
de Morais, S.M.F., Wilkinson, G.R., Blaisdell, J., Meyer, U.A. Nakamura, K., and Goldstein, J.A. Identification of a new Genetic Defect Responsible for the Polymorphism of S-Mephenytoin Metabolism in Japanese. Mol. Pharmacol. 46: 595-598, 1994. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=7969038&query_hl=30)
Sullivan-Klose, T.H., Ghanayem, B.I., Bell, D.A., Zhang, Z.Y., Kaminsky, L.S., Shenfield, G.M., Miners, J.O, Birkett. D.J., and Goldstein, J.A.: The role of the CYP2C9-Leu359 allelic variant in the tolbutamide polymorphism. Pharmacogenetics, 6: 341-349, 1996. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=8873220&query_hl=32)
Blaisdell, J, Mohrenweiser, H., Jackson, J, Ferguson, S, Coulter, S, Chanas, B, Xi, T, Ghanayem, B, and Goldstein, J.A.: Identification and functional characterization of new potentially defective alleles of human CYP2C19. Pharmacogenetics. 12: 703-711, 2002. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12464799&query_hl=34)
Blaisdell, J., Mohrenweiser, H., Coulter, S., Ferguson, S.S., Chanas, B., Xi, T., Ghanayem, B., and Goldstein, J.A.: Discovery of new potentially defective alleles of human CYP2C9. Pharmacogenetics 14: 527-537, 2004. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15284535&query_hl=36)
Goldstein, J.A. Invited review: Clinical relevance of genetic polymorphisms in the human CYP2C subfamily. Brit. J. of Clin. Pharmacol. 52: 349-355, 2001. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11678778&query_hl=38)
Lee, C.R., Goldstein, J.A., and Pieper, J.A. Cytochrome P450 2C9 Genetic Polymorphisms: A Comprehensive Review of the In Vitro and Human data. Pharmacogenetics 12:251-263, 2002. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11927841&query_hl=40)
Lee, S., Bell,D., Coulter, S., Ghanayem, B., and Goldstein, J.A.: Recombinant CYP3A4*17 is defective in metabolizing the hypertensive drug nifedipine, and the CYP3A4*17 allele may occur on the same chromosome as CYP3A5*3, representing a new puntative defective CYP3A haplotype. J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther. 313: 302-309, 2005. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&db=pubmed&term=is+defective+in+metabolizing+the+hypertensive+drug+nifedipine%2C+and+the+cyp3a4%2A17+allele+may+occur+on+the+same+chromosome+as+cyp3a5%2A3%2C+representing+a+new+putative+defective+cyp3a+haplotype&tool=fuzzy&ot=is+defective+in+metabolizing+the+hypertensive+drug+nifedipine%2C+and+the+CYP3A4%2A17+allele+may+occur+on+the+same+chromosome+as+CYP3A5%2A3%2C+representing+a+new+puntative+defective+CYP3A+haplotype)
Lee, S-J., and Goldstein, J.A.: Functionally defective or altered CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their detections with genotyping tests. Pharmacogenomics 6:357-371, 2005. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16004554&query_hl=7&itool=pubmed_DocSum)
Lee, S.J., van der Heiden, I.P., Goldstein, J.A. and van Schaik, R.H.: A new CYP3A5 variant, CYP3A5*11, is shown to be defective in nifedipine metabolism in a recombinant cDNA expression system. Drug Metab. Disp. 35:67-71, 2007. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=17035598&query_hl=20&itool=pubmed_docsum)
Delozier, T.C., Lee, S.C., Coulter, S. J., Goh, B.C., Goldstein, J.A.: Functional characteriztion of novel allelic variants of CYP2C9 recently discovered in Southeast Asians. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 315:1085-1090, 2005. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16099926&query_hl=52)
Lee, S.J., Coulter, Perera, L, S.J., Jetten, A., Mohrenweiser, H.M., Jetten, A. and Goldstein, J.A.: Discovery of new coding alleles of human CYP2C26A1* which are potentially defective in the metabolism of all-trans retinoic acid and their assessment in a recombinant cDNA expression system. Pharmacogenet. Genomics 17: 169-180, 2007. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=17460545&query_hl=24&itool=pubmed_docsum)
Parikh, S., Ouedraogo, J.B., Goldstein, J.A., Rosenthal, P.J., and Kroetz, D.L.: Amodiaquine metabolism is impaired by common polymorphisms in CYP2C8: Implications for malaria treatment in Africa. Clin. Pharmacol Therapeut 82(2):197-203, 2007. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=17361129&query_hl=27&itool=pubmed_docsum)
Lee, S.J., van der Heiden, I.P., Goldstein, J.A., van Schaik, R.H.N.: A new CYP3A5 variant, CYP3A5*11, is shown to be defective in nifedipine metabolism in a recombinant cDNA expression system. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals 1:67-71, 2007. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17035598)
Limdi, N.A., Arnett, D.K., Goldstein, J.A., Beasley, T.M., McGwin, G., Adler, B.K., Acton, R.T.: Influence of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 s on warfarin dose, anticoagulation attainment and maintenance among European American and African Americans. Pharmacogenomics 9(5):511-526, 2008. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=18466099)
Limdi, N.A., Goldstein, J.A., Blaisdell, J.A., Beasley, M.T., Rivers, C.V., and Acton, R.T.: Influence of CYP2C9 genotype on warfarin dose among African-American and European-Americans. Personalized Medicine 4(2):157-169, 2007. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18466099?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum)
Limdi, N.A., McGwin, G., Goldstein, J.A., Baird, M.F., Rivers, C.A., and Acton, R.T.: Influence of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 1173C/T genotype on the risk of hemorrhagic complications in African-American and European-American patients on warfarin. Clin. Pharmacol. Therapeut. 83(2): 312-321, 2008. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17653141?ordinalpos=11&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum)
Limdi, N.A., McGwin, G., Goldstein, J.A., Beasley, T.M., Adler, B.K., Acton, R.T., and Arnett, D.K.: Influence of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 on warfarin dose, anticoagulant attainment and maintenance dose among European American and African Americans. Pharmacogenomics 9(5):511-526, 2008. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18466099?ordinalpos=4&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum)
Limdi, N.A., Beasley, T.M., Crowley, M.R., Goldstein, J.A., Rieder, M.J., Flockhart, D.A., Arnett, D.K. and Liu, N.: VKORC1 polymorphisms, haplotypes and haplotype-groups on warfarin dose among African–Americans and European–Americans. Pharmacogenomics 9(10): 1445-58, 2008. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18855533?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum)
Function of Murine CYP2Cs
Wang, H. J.A. Bradbury, J.A. Blaisdell, Goldstein, J.A., and Zeldin, D.C.: Cloning, expression and characterization of three new murine CYP2Cs involved in fatty acid metabolism. Mol. Pharmacol. 65:1-11, 2004. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15102943&query_hl=54)
Andreola, F., Hayhurst, G.P., Luo, G., Ferguson, S.S., Gonzalez, F.J., Goldstein, J.A., and. De Luca, L.M.: Mouse liver CYP2C39 is a novel retinoic acid 4-hydroxylase: Its downregulation offers a molecular basis for liver retinoid accumulation and fibrosis in AHR-null mice. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 343-348, 2004. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14623888&query_hl=56)
Delozier, T.C., Tsao, C.-C., Coulter, S.J., Zeldin, D.C., and Goldstein, J.A.: CYP2C44, A new murine CYP2C that metabolizes arachidonic acid to unique stereospecific products. J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther. 310: 845-854, 2004. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15084647&query_hl=58)
Regulation of the CYP2Cs
Ferguson, S. S., E. L. LeCluyse, Negishi, M., and Goldstein, J.A.: Regulation of human CYP2C9 by constitutive androstate receptor (CAR): discovery of a new distal binding site. Mol. Pharmacol. 62: 737-746, 2002. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12181452&query_hl=60)
Jackson, J.P., Ferguson, S. S., Moore, R., Negishi, M., and Goldstein, J.A.: The constitutive active/androstane receptor regulates phenytoin induction of Cyp2c29. Mol. Pharmacol. 65:1397-404, 2004. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15155833&query_hl=62)
Chen, Y., Ferguson, S., Negishi, M., Goldstein, J.A.: Identification of constitutive androstane receptor and glucocorticoid receptor sites in the CYP2C19 promoter differences in transcriptional regulation of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. Mol. Pharmacol. 64: 316-324, 2003. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12869636&query_hl=65)
Chen, Y., Ferguson, Stephen, S.S., Negishi, M.., and Goldstein, J.A.: Induction of human CYP2C9 by rifampicin, hyperforin, and phenobarbital is mediated by the pregnane X receptor. J Pharmacol. Exper. Ther. 308:495-501, 2004. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14600250&query_hl=67)
Chen, Y., Kissling,G., Negishi,M.,and Goldstein, J.A.: The nuclear receptors CAR and PXR cross talk with HNF4α to synergistically the human CYP2C9 promoter. J. Pharmacol Exp. Ther. 314:1125-33, 2005. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15919766&query_hl=72)
Ferguson, S., Chen, Y., LeCluyse, E., Negishi, M., and Goldstein, J.A.: Human CYP2C8 is transcriptionally regulated by the nuclear receptors CAR, PXR, GR and HNF4α. Mol. Pharmacol. 72: 737-746, 2005. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15933212&query_hl=75)
Jackson, J. P., Ferguson, S.S., Negishi, M. and Goldstein, J.A.: Phenytoin induction of the CYP2C37 gene is mediated by the constitutive androstane receptor. Drug Metab. Disp. 34(12):2003-10, 2006. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16936065&query_hl=31&itool=pubmed_docsum)
Surapureddi, S., Rana, R., Reddy, J.K., and Goldstein, J.A.: The coactivator NCOA6 mediates the synergistic activation of human cytochrome P-450 2C9 by the constitutive androstane receptor and hepatic nuclear factor-4α. Mol. Pharmacol. 74(3):913-23. 2008. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18552123?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum)