HIV and AIDS

Introduction
	Trends in AIDS cases will reflect trends in HIV infections from the previous 5 to 10 years since the interval from infection-to-AIDS ranges from 5 to 10 years. Trends in AIDS cases by age group and risk factors can be done at selected sentinel sites in the district.
	To understand the current HIV infection and HIV risk factor situation and trends in the district, other types of surveillance should be implemented, for example:
		Unlinked anonymous HIV seroprevalence at sentinel sites (for example, antenatal clinics)
		Trends in new smear-positive TB patients 15-24 years old
		Trends in clinically-diagnosed and lab-diagnosed sexually transmitted infections

Reported New In-Patient AIDS Cases and Deaths

Reported New Out-Patient AIDS Cases

HIV seroprevalence in antenatal clinics

Introduction Districts with high rates of HIV will often have programs that test women attending antenatal clinics for HIV (Prevention of Maternal to Child Transmission [PMTCT]). If a high percentage of pregnant women who attend antenatal clinics accept HIV testing, the trend in HIV seroprevalence at antenatal clinics can be an important component of HIV surveillance for the district team.

Analysis of time, place, and person. Trends in HIV prevalence in persons 15-19 years old and 20-24 years old are the most important to follow. Trends in prevalence in this age group are likely to follow closely trends in HIV iNCIDence in this age group. HIV will affect pregnancy rates, but pregnancy rates for 15-19 year olds and 20-24 year olds will be affected much less. The percentage of pregnant women who attend antenatal clinics and the percentage of antenatal clinic attendees that accept HIV testing are important in interpreting HIV seroprevalence trends. The higher the percentages, the lower the potential for bias.

Public health action and targets. Youth HIV/STI prevention programs Excellent youth HIV prevention programs should be able to decrease HIV seroprevalence in person 15-24 years old by 50%

Number of First Visit Antenatal Attendees and Number Accepting HIV Testing for Prevention of Maternal-to-Child Transmission by Quarter

HIV Seroprevalence from HIV Testing for Prevention of Maternal-to-Child Transmission by Quarter