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Demographics |
| American Indians and Alaska Natives
(AI/ANs) are people having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America
(including Central America), and who maintain tribal affiliation or
community attachment.1 |
| According to the 2000 U.S. Census,
those who identify only as AI/AN
constitute 0.9 percent of the United States population, or
approximately 2.5 million individuals. |
| The Census Bureau projects modest growth by
AI/AN
communities in the next few decades, topping 5 million individuals
by the year 2065 and comprising 1.1 percent of the population. |
| The greatest concentrations of AI/AN populations are
in the West, Southwest,
and Midwest,
especially in Alaska, Arizona, Montana,
New Mexico,
Oklahoma, and South Dakota.2 |
| There are 569 federally
recognized AI/AN tribes, plus an unknown number
of tribes that are not federally recognized. Each tribe has its own culture, beliefs, and
practices. |
|
Statistics |
|
The
American Indian and Alaska Native Population,
2000 (pdf) US Census Bureau Brief |
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American
Indian & Alaska Native (AI/AN) Data & Links, US Census Bureau |
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American Indian
& Alaska Native Tribes for the
United States, Regions, Divisions, and States US Census Bureau |
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10 Leading Causes of Death
American Indian/Alaska
Native
Population,
U.S., 2005 |
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Statistics |
Leading Causes of Death by Race/Ethnicity (pdf)
Health,
U.S., 2007, Table 31 |
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Other
High Prevalence Health Issues |
| In addition, American
Indians/Alaska Natives have disproportionately high prevalence of the following conditions and
risk factors: |
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Health
Disparities |
| AI/ANs
have a unique relationship with the federal government due to
historic conflict and subsequent treaties. Tribes exist as sovereign
entities, but federally recognized tribes are entitled to health and
educational services provided by the federal government. |
| Though
the Indian Health Service (IHS)
is charged with serving the
health needs of these populations, more than half of the AI/AN
population does not permanently reside on a reservation,3
and therefore have limited or no access to IHS services. |
| Geographic isolation, economic
factors, and suspicion toward
traditional spiritual beliefs are some of the reasons why health among AI/ANs
is poorer than other groups. |
| Other factors that contribute to poorer health
outcomes for AI/ANs include cultural barriers, geographic isolation,
inadequate sewage disposal, and economic factors.4
|
| For more information on
some of the health disparities faced by the AI/AN
community, see Highlight
on AI/ANs and click below for brochures, slides and
statistics on that topic. |
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Statistics |
|
Mortality Rates by Race/Ethnicity, (pdf) Health,
U.S., 2006, Table 29 |
|
Mid Course Review, Healthy People 2010 |
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Data 2010, Healthy People 2010 |
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Brochures & Handouts |
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Main Menu |
| |
AI/AN Brochure
(pdf) |
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AI/AN Handout
(pdf) |
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Slides |
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Slides showing Disparity (ppt)
PowerPoint Presentation on the Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities
(OMHD) containing data slides (beginning with slide 21) comparing U.S. incidence
or mortality rates by race/ethnicity.
To view these slides in PDF format, see Slides
(PDF) |
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Health Statistics |
| CDC's National Center
for Health Statistics (NCHS) |
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Health of
AN/AN Population, Fast Stats |
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Health Data for All Ages |
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Health, United States, 2006 |
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American Indian or Alaska Native Population |
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Mortality Rates by Race/Ethnicity, (pdf) Table 29 |
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Leading
Causes of Death by Race/Ethnicity, (pdf) Table 31 |
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Injury |
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Healthy People 2010 |
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Data 2010 |
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Mid Course Review |
| HHS Office of Minority
Health Resource Center |
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American Indian/Alaska Native Profile |
| U.S. Census Bureau |
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The
American Community - American Indians and Alaska Natives:
2004 (pdf) |
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The
American Indian and Alaska Native Population,
2000 (pdf) |
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American Indian &
Alaska Native (AI/AN) Data & Links |
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American Indian
& Alaska Native Tribes for the
United States, Regions, Divisions, and States |
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Government Resources |
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CDC |
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AI/AN NEWS Page
MMWR and other articles related to the topics of AI/ANs and
Health Disparities. |
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American Indian
& Alaska Native
National,
Regional &
Local Health Boards |
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CDC/ATSDR 2007
Annual Tribal Colleges & Universities (TCUs) Performance Report
(PDF) |
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ATSDR 2007
Annual Tribal Budget & Consultation Report
(PDF) |
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CDC 2007
Annual Tribal Budget & Consultation Report
(PDF) |
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CDC 2006 Inventory of
American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) Programs and Projects
(PDF) |
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National Center for
Chronic Disease Prevention and
Health Promotion (NCCDPHP) |
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Atlas of
Heart Disease & Stroke Among AI/ANs |
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The Eagles Nest |
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National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention
(NCHSTP) |
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Office of Health Disparities, NCHSTP |
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Division of HIV/AIDS
Prevention |
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National Center for Injury Prevention and Control
(NCIPC) |
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Injuries among Native Americans |
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National Immunization
Program (NIP) |
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Tribal Consultation Advisory Committee
(TCAC) |
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Tribal Consultation
Policy (PDF) |
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Tribal Epidemiology Centers |
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561 American Indian/Alaska Native Tribes |
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Indian
Health Service (IHS) |
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Facts on Indian Health Disparities (pdf) |
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National
Council of Urban Indian Health |
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National Epidemiology
Program |
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U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services (HHS) |
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Eliminating Health Disparities in the American Indian and Alaska Native
Community |
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FirstGov for
Tribal Governments and American Indians |
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HHS
Tribal Consultation Policy Revision Workgroup |
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National Institutes of Health (NIH) |
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Native American Health
Medline Plus |
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American
Indians/Alaska Natives
Healthfinder |
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American Indian Health
National Library of Medicine (NLM) Search |
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Cancer Health Disparities National Cancer
Institute (NCI) |
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National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and
Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) |
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National Institute of Neurological Disorders and
Stroke (NINDS) |
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Other |
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Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) American Indian
Environmental Office |
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Social Security Online: American
Indians and Alaska Natives |
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Tribal Colleges and Universities Address List
White House Initiative on Tribal Colleges and Universities |
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SAMHSA (Mental Health) |
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Native American Mental Health Fact Sheet
SAMHSA Surgeon General's Report |
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Native American Culturally Specific Mental Health Resources |
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Non-Government Resources |
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American Cancer Society (ACS) |
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Native Americans & Diabetes
American Diabetes Association (ADA) |
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American Heart Association
(AHA) |
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American Lung Association (ALA) |
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Kaiser
Foundation Issue Brief: Urban Indian Health |
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National Indian Council
On Aging (NICOA) |
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National Native American AIDS Prevention Center
(NNAAPC) |
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National SIDS Resource Center
(NSRC) |
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Tribal
Connections |
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Funding |
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CDC Funding Opportunities |
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CDC FY 2009 Agency Budget
(pdf) |
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CDC FY 2007 AI/AN
Budget Portfolio (pdf) |
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CDC FY 2007 Direct
Funding to Tribes/Tribal Organizations (pdf maps) |
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Sources |
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1
Census
Bureau, Census 2000 Brief: Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin,
2000.(pdf) |
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2
The
American Indian and Alaska Native Population,
2000 (pdf) US Census Bureau Brief |
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3 Statistical Handbook on Racial Groups in the United States by T.B.
Heaton, B.A. Chadwick, and C.K. Jacobson; Phoenix: Oryx Press, 2000;
Table A3.5. |
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4 The Health Care Challenge:
Acknowledging Disparity, Confronting Discrimination, and Ensuring
Equality. United States
Commission on Civil Rights, Sept. 1999.4 The Health Care Challenge:
Acknowledging Disparity, Confronting Discrimination, and Ensuring
Equality. United States
Commission on Civil Rights, Sept. 1999. |
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Notes |
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Census 2000 adheres to the federal standards for
collecting and presenting data on race and Hispanic origin as established
by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in October 1997
and subsequent guidelines. One of the
most important changes for Census 2000 was the revision of the questions
on race and Hispanic origin to better reflect the country’s growing
diversity. The federal government considers race and Hispanic origin to be
two separate and distinct concepts. In addition, Asian
Americans and Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders are
counted as two separate and distinct racial groups. Because of these changes, the Census
2000 data on race are not directly comparable with data from the 1990
census or earlier censuses. Caution must be used when interpreting changes
in the racial composition of the U.S. population over time. |
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Census Bureau Glossary of Terms: Race, 2000. |
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Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Provisional Guidance on the
Implementation of the 1997 Standards for Federal Data on Race and
Ethnicity, 2000. |
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Office of Management and Budget Recommendations from the Interagency
Committee for the Review of the Racial and Ethnic Standards to the
Office of Management and Budget Concerning Changes to the Standards
for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity, 1997. |
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