This field has no indicators or subfield codes; the data elements are positionally
defined.
Field 008 character positions 00-17 and 35-39 are defined the same for field 008 in the
MARC 21 bibliographic format, regardless of record type. The definition of field 008
character positions 18-34 varies according to the Type of record code in Leader/06 and
Bibliographic level code in Leader/07. Certain data elements are defined the same in
more than one 008 field configuration. When similar data elements are defined for
inclusion in a field 008 for different record types/bibliographic level, they generally
occupy the same field 008 character positions.
06 - Type of date/Publication status One-character alphabetic code that indicates that categorizes the type of dates
given in 008/07-10 (Date 1) and 008/11-14 (Date 2). For continuing resources, the
code in 008/06 also indicates the publication status.
The choice of code for 008/06 is made concurrently with a determination of the
appropriate dates for 008/07-14. For most records data is derived from information
in field 260 (Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint)), field 362 (Dates of
Publication and/or Sequential Designation), or from note fields.
Dates are represented by four digits. Missing digits in the date are represented
by the character u.
For continuing resources, 008/07-10 contain the beginning date of publication
(chronological designation) and 008/11-14 contain the ending date. For reprints of
serials and for reproductions of serials being described in the body of the entry,
the beginning and ending dates of the original are input in these character
positions.
Precedence of codes (monographic items) - When more than one code
applies to a bibliographic item, use the table below to determine the appropriate
code to use. The codes listed first take precedence over codes listed
subsequently. The left column covers single part items and multipart items
completed in one year. The right column covers multipart items for which a span of
dates is required.
Single part/multipart items complete in one year |
Collections/multipart items complete in more than one year |
b - B.C. date |
b - B.C. date |
r - Reprint/original date |
i - Inclusive date |
e - Detailed date |
k - Range of dates |
s - Single date |
r - Reprint/original date |
p - Distribution/production date |
m - Initial/terminal date |
t - Publication date and copyright date |
t - Publication date and copyright date |
q - Questionable date |
n - Unknown date |
n - Unknown date |
|
Legal characters - Date 1 and Date 2 each usually consist of four
digits (e.g., 1963). When part of the date is unknown, missing digits are
represented by the character u (e.g., "19??" would be recorded as
19uu). If the date is totally unknown, the millennium may be inferred
(e.g., 1uuu). For Common Era (C.E.) dates of the first millennium, the
year is right justified and unused positions contain zeros (e.g., "946 A.D." would
be recorded as 0946). When Date 1 or Date 2 is not applicable, such as
when Before Common Era (B.C.) dates are involved, blanks are used (e.g.,
####). For active serials (i.e., when the serial has not ceased
publication) and incomplete multipart nonserial items, the date in 008/11-14 is
represented by 9999 to indicate that the year is not yet available. The
fill character (|) may also be used in 008/06-14 when no attempt has been made to
code dates, but its use in 008/07-10 is discouraged. Many MARC-based systems rely
on non-fill characters in 008/07-10 for retrieval and duplicate detection. When
fill is used in either 008/07-10 or 008/11-14, it should be used in all four
character positions, thus a combination of fills and any other character in either
of these positions should never occur.
b - No dates given; B.C. date involved One or more dates associated with the item are Before Common Era (B.C.) dates.
B.C. date information can be specifically coded in field 046 (Special Coded
Dates).
Each character position in fields 008/07-10 and 008/11-14 contains a blank.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
b |
008/07-10 |
#### |
008/11-14 |
#### |
260 |
##$c[150-100 B.C.] |
c - Continuing resource currently published Currently published is defined as an item for which an issue has been received
within the last three years.
008/07-10 contain the beginning date of publication; 008/11-14 contain the
characters 9999.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
c |
008/07-10 |
1984 |
008/11-14 |
9999 |
260 |
##$aNew York :$bXerox Films,$c1984- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
c |
008/07-10 |
1953 |
008/11-14 |
9999 |
260 |
##$aChicago :$bUniversity of Chicago Press, |
362 |
1#$aBegan with vol. for 1953. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
c |
008/07-10 |
195u |
008/11-14 |
9999 |
500 |
##$aDescription based on: Vol. 2, no. 2 (Feb.
1956). [Date of first issue is unknown.] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
c |
008/07-10 |
19uu |
008/11-14 |
9999 |
260 |
##$aNew York :$bWiley Interscience, |
500 |
##$aDescription based on: 1981. [Date of first issue is unknown but can be estimated.] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
c |
008/07-10 |
1uuu |
008/11-14 |
9999 |
260 |
##$aNew York :$bDoubleday, |
500 |
##$aDescription based on: 1901. [Date of first issue is unknown and cannot be estimated.] |
d - Continuing resource ceased publication New issues of a continuing resource have ceased to be published or that a
change in author or title has caused a successive entry record to be created.
When a new title supersedes a previously existing one, the earlier title is
considered dead and coded d in field 008/06. An item is considered to
have ceased publication only when there is clear evidence that it has.
Generally, a period of more than three years during which no new issue of a
continuing resource has been published is considered evidence that it has
ceased publication.
008/07-10 contain the beginning date of publication; 008/11-14 contain the date
the item ceased to be published.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
d |
008/07-10 |
1928 |
008/11-14 |
1941 |
260 |
##$aBerlin :$bVZG,$c1928-1941. |
362 |
0#$aVol. 1, no. 1 (Feb. 1928)-v. 14, no. 2 (Feb.
1941).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
d |
008/07-10 |
1uuu |
008/11-14 |
1958 |
260 |
##$aNew York :$bAmerican Statistical Association,$c -1959. |
362 |
0#$a -1958. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
d |
008/07-10 |
19uu |
008/11-14 |
1929 |
260 |
##$aBoston :$bThe Society,$c -1929. [Beginning date is unknown but can be estimated.] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
d |
008/07-10 |
1945 |
008/11-14 |
19uu |
260 |
##$aChicago :$bThe Association,$c1945- |
515 |
##$aNo more published? [Ending date is unknown but can be estimated.] |
e - Detailed date Detailed date which contains the month (and possibly the day) in addition to
the year is present.
008/07-10 contain the year and 008/11-14 contain the month and day formatted
mmdd.
If the day is unknown, uu is used; if the detail on the item indicates
only the month, blanks are used. For visual materials, this
code may be used with televised material to give the date of the original
broadcast.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
e |
008/07-10 |
1983 |
008/11-14 |
0615 |
260 |
##$aWashington, D.C. :$bDept. of Commerce,$cJune 15, 1983. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
e |
008/07-10 |
1977 |
008/11-14 |
05## |
260 |
##$cMay 1977. [Day is not applicable because the publication is identified by month
only.] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
e |
008/07-10 |
1976 |
008/11-14 |
11uu |
260 |
##$aU.S. :$bTriangle Film Corp.,$cNov. 1976. [Day of month is unknown.] |
i - Inclusive dates of collection 008/07-10 and 008/11-14 contain the inclusive dates applicable to a collection.
If the inclusive dates are represented by a single year, that date is given in
both places. A collection, whether or not it consists of individually published
items, is not considered to exist in a published form. Multipart items are not
treated as a collection (see code m).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
i |
008/07-10 |
1765 |
008/11-14 |
1770 |
260 |
##$c1765-1770. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
i |
008/07-10 |
18uu |
008/11-14 |
1890 |
260 |
##$c18--?-1890. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
i |
008/07-10 |
1988 |
008/11-14 |
1988 |
260 |
##$c1988. |
k - Range of years of bulk of collection 008/07-10 and 008/11-14 contain the range of years applicable to most of the
material in a collection. If the bulk dates are represented by only a single
year, that date is given in both places. A collection, whether or not it
consists of individually published items, is not considered to exist in a
published form. Multipart items are not treated as a collection (see code
m).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
k |
008/07-10 |
1796 |
008/11-14 |
1896 |
260 |
##$c1796-1896. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
k |
008/07-10 |
1854 |
008/11-14 |
1854 |
260 |
##$c1854. |
m - Multiple dates 008/07-10 and 008/11-14 contain the range of years of publication of a
multipart item. If both dates for a multipart item are represented by a single
year, then code s is used. The code is also used for a single part unpublished
item that has been executed over a period of time, such as a painting.
008/07-10 usually contain the initial (or beginning) date and 008/11-14 the
terminal (or ending) date.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
m |
008/07-10 |
1972 |
008/11-14 |
1975 |
260 |
##$aParis :$bÉditions du Cerf,$c1972-1975. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
m |
008/07-10 |
uuuu |
008/11-14 |
1981 |
260 |
##$aBoston :$bMacmillan,$c -[1981] [Multipart item for which the earliest volume is not held.] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
m |
008/07-10 |
197u |
008/11-14 |
1987 |
260 |
##$aParis :$bHachette,$c[197-]-1987. [Multipart item for which the publication date of the first volume is
uncertain.] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
m |
008/07-10 |
1943 |
008/11-14 |
197u |
260 |
##$aNew York :$bDover,$c1943-[197-?] [Multipart item for which the publication date of the last volume is
uncertain.] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
m |
008/07-10 |
1943 |
008/11-14 |
1945 |
260 |
##$aLondon :$bGollancz,$c1943-1945. [Single part item for which the publication date spans more than one
year.] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
m |
008/07-10 |
1998 |
008/11-14 |
9999 |
260 |
##$aBrescia : $bLa scuola,$c<c1998- > [Multipart item for which the publication date is ongoing.] |
n - Dates unknown Dates appropriate for 008/07-10 and 008/11-14 are unknown, (e.g., when no dates
are given in field 260).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
n |
008/07-10 |
uuuu |
008/11-14 |
uuuu |
260 |
##$a[Spain] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
n |
008/07-10 |
uuuu |
008/11-14 |
uuuu [Naturally occurring object; field 260 is not present in the record.]
|
p - Date of distribution/release/issue and production/recording session when
different Both a date of distribution/release/issue (008/07-10) and a date of
production/recording (008/11-14) are present because there is a difference
between the two dates. For computer files, code p is used when
there is a difference between the date the file first became operational for
analysis and processing in machine-readable form (i.e., production date) and
the date the file became available to the public, usually through an
established agency (i.e., distribution date). For moving images, if a work with
identical content but in a different medium has a later release date than the
original work, code p is used (e.g., a videorecording released in 1978 that was
originally produced as a motion picture in 1965).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
p |
008/07-10 |
1982 |
008/11-14 |
1967 |
260 |
##$aWashington :$bU.S. Navy Dept.,$c1967 :$bDistributed by National Audiovisual Center,$c1982. |
q - Questionable date Exact date for a single date item is not known but a range of years for the
date can be specified (e.g., between 1824 and 1846).
Earliest possible date is given in 008/07-10; latest possible date in
008/11-14.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
q |
008/07-10 |
1963 |
008/11-14 |
1966 |
260 |
##$aNew York :$bHippocrene Books,$c[between 1963 and 1966] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
q |
008/07-10 |
18uu |
008/11-14 |
19uu |
260 |
##$aAmsterdam :$bElsevier,$c[19th and early 20th century] [Decade is unknown for both earliest and latest date.] |
r - Reprint/reissue date and original date 008/07-10 contain the date of reproduction or reissue; 008/11-14 contain the
date of the original, if known. 008/11-14 contain code u ("uuuu"), if
unknown.
If multiple dates are available for the original publication, 008/11-14 contain
the earlier date. With original photographic material, the work being described
would be a later photoprint made from an earlier created photonegative. With
original prints, the work being described would be a restrike made from the
(usually deceased) artist's earlier-created plate or block.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
r |
008/07-10 |
1983 |
008/11-14 |
1857 |
260 |
##$aBoston :$b[s.n.,$c1983?] |
500 |
##$aOriginal version: Pittsburg, Pa. : W'm Schuchman
& Bro. Lith., [1857].
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
r |
008/07-10 |
1966 |
008/11-14 |
uuuu |
500 |
##$aReprinted from Green Howard's
Gazette. [Original date of publication is unknown.] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
r |
008/07-10 |
uuuu |
008/11-14 |
1963 |
260 |
##$aNew York :$b[s.n.,$cn.d.] |
500 |
##$aPreviously published in 1963. |
s - Single known date/probable date Date consists of one known single date of distribution, publication, release,
production, execution, writing, or a probable date that can be represented by
four digits. The single date associated with the item may be actual,
approximate, or conjectural (e.g., if the single date is uncertain). Code s is
also used for a single unpublished item such as an original or historical
graphic when there is a single date associated with the execution of the
item.
008/07-10 contain the date; 008/11-14 contain blanks (####).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
s |
008/07-10 |
1977 |
008/11-14 |
#### |
260 |
##$aWashington :$bDept. of State,$c1977. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
s |
008/07-10 |
1981 |
008/11-14 |
#### |
260 |
##$a[Darmstadt] :$bTetzlaff,$c1980 [i.e. 1981] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
s |
008/07-10 |
1969 |
008/11-14 |
#### |
260 |
##$aLondon :$bHarcourt, World & Brace,$c[1969?] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
s |
008/07-10 |
1983 |
008/11-14 |
#### |
260 |
##$a[Yerushalayim :$bE. Fisher,$c744 i.e. 1983 or 1984] [Non-Gregorian dates with no single Gregorian equivalent.] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
s |
008/07-10 |
1946 |
008/11-14 |
#### |
260 |
##$aBerlin :$b[s.n.,$cca. 1946] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
s |
008/07-10 |
198u |
008/11-14 |
#### |
260 |
##$aNew York :$bHaworth,$c[198-] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
s |
008/07-10 |
19uu |
008/11-14 |
#### |
260 |
##$aNew York :$bS.R.A.,$c[19--] |
Span of dates associated with a single item of uncertain date is coded as
questionable (code q). Multiple certain dates needed for a single item are
coded as multiple dates (code m). Single or multiple dates associated with a
collection are coded as either bulk dates (code k) or inclusive dates (code
i).
t - Publication date and copyright date Date of publication/release/production/execution is present in 008/07-10 and a
copyright or phonogram copyright date is present in 008/11-14. Deposit dates
(i.e., those preceded by "D.L." (Dépot légal), etc.) are treated as
copyright dates.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
t |
008/07-10 |
1982 |
008/11-14 |
1949 |
260 |
##$aLondon :$bMacmillan,$c1982, c1949. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
t |
008/07-10 |
2002 |
008/11-14 |
2001 |
260 |
##$aNew York :$bEpic,$c2002, p2001. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
t |
008/07-10 |
198u |
008/11-14 |
1979 |
260 |
##$aRio de Janeiro :$bDelta,$c[198-?], c1979. |
u - Continuing resource status unknown Used for continuing resources when there is no clear indication that
publication of the item has ceased.
008/07-10 contain a beginning date of publication; 008/11-14 contain the
characters uuuu since no ending date is known.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
u |
008/07-10 |
1948 |
008/11-14 |
uuuu |
362 |
0#$a1948- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
u |
008/07-10 |
19uu |
008/11-14 |
uuuu |
500 |
##$aDescription based on: 1983. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/06 |
u |
008/07-10 |
1uuu |
008/11-14 |
uuuu [No information is contained in the source record.] |
| - No attempt to code
15-17 - Place of publication, production, or execution Two- or three-character alphabetic code that indicates the place of publication,
production, or execution. Place code is an authoritative-agency data element. Code
from:
MARC Code List for Countries. Choice of a MARC code is generally related to information in field 260
(Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint)). The code recorded in 008/15-17 is
used in conjunction with field 044 (Country of Producer Code) when more than one
code is appropriate to an item. The first code in subfield $a of field
044 is recorded in 008/15-17. Three fill characters (|||) may be used in place of
a valid code, but their use in 008/15-17 is discouraged. The data in this field
008 data element is used for retrieval and duplicate detection in many systems.
When fill is used in 008/15-17, all three positions must contain the fill
character.
Two-character codes are left justified and the unused position contains a blank
(#). For items reprinted in the original print size, the code is based on the
jurisdiction where the reprint was published and not on the jurisdiction
associated with the original place of publication.
For sound recordings, the code represents the place where the
recording company is located. For still images that are original
or historical graphics, if geographic information can be deduced (as with some
photographs), a place code is recorded in this character position. For
archival moving images, the code represents the country of
producing entity from field 257. For mass-produced
videorecordings, the code represents the place of publication in
field 260 (Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint)).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/15-17 |
cau |
044 |
##$acau$afr$asp$agw |
260 |
##$aBurbank, Calif. :$bColumbia Tristar Home Video,$cc1996. Video published in California of a film co-produced in France, Spain and Germany |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/15-17 |
nyu |
260 |
##$a[New York ] :$bGardner & Co.,$cc1899. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/15-17 |
nyu |
245 |
00$a[Portrait of Cyrus Patten] /$cAnson, New York. |
260 |
##$c1852. [A single unpublished graphic item.] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/15-17 |
xx# |
245 |
00$aVanity Fair /$cF. Depero. |
260 |
##$c1930. [An unpublished graphic item where geographic information cannot be
deduced.] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/15-17 |
ja# |
260 |
##$aTokyo :$cShobido & Co.,$c1919. [A collection consisting wholly of published items.] |
When the place of publication/production/execution is totally unknown, code
xx# is used.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/15-17 |
xx# |
260 |
##$aS. l. :$bs.n.,$c1983. [Place is completely unknown] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/15-17 |
xx# |
245 |
00$a[Hope diamond]$h[realia]. [Field 260 is not present in the record] |
When more than one place is involved, the first-named jurisdiction is coded in
008/15-17. The code for the first jurisdiction is repeated in field 044 (Country
of producer code), followed by the codes for the other jurisdictions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/15-17 |
enk |
260 |
##$aLondon ;$aNew York :$bAcademic Press,$c1979. |
044 |
##$aenk$anyu |
For visual materials and music, if the work is a
multi-country production, the code for the first country is recorded in 008/15-17.
The code for the first country is repeated in field 044 (Country of Producer
Code), followed by the codes for countries of other bodies involved in the
production. For serials and integrating
resources, the country code reflects the place of publication of the
latest issue, part or iteration. If the record is updated at a later time and the
place has changed, the place of publication code is updated. For mixed
materials, the code represents the repository where the material is
assembled.
xx# - No place, unknown, or undetermined No place of publication, production, etc. can be provided; the place is
unknown, or it is undetermined. Examples of such items are: 1) naturally
occurring objects; 2) ancient manuscripts.
vp# - Various places Various places are associated with different parts of items, generally a
collection.
[aaa] - Three-character alphabetic code
[aa#] - Two-character alphabetic code
35-37 - Language Three-character alphabetic code that indicates the language of the item. Code
from:
MARC Code List for Languages. Choice of a MARC code is based on the predominant language of the item.
Three fill characters (|||) may also be used if no attempt is made to code the
language or if non-MARC language coding is preferred (and coded in field 041
(Language code)).
For language material (i.e., books and continuing resources), the
language code is based on the text of the item. The term text refers to
the principle work(s) included within the publication, excluding the preface,
introduction, foreword, appendices, etc. For computer files, the
language associated with the data and/or the user interface
(e.g., textual displays, audible output in a language) determines the code used in
008/35-37, not the programming language. (Accompanying documentation in a language
other than that of the data and/or user interface is coded in field 041.) For
maps, the language of names and text associated with the map
or globe determines the code used. For music, the predominant
language of the sung or spoken text associated with the score or sound recording
is recorded in 008/35-37. For visual materials, (excluding
original or historical projectable graphics), the language content is defined as
the sound track, the accompanying sound, the overprinted titles (subtitles) or
separate titles (for silent films), sign language when it is the sole medium of
communication, or the accompanying printed script (for works with no sound or, if
with sound, no narration). For original or historical graphic material, opaque
graphic material, and three-dimensional materials, the language content is that
associated with the material, i.e., captions or other text associated with the
item or collection that are part of the chief source of information. For
mixed materials, the language code is based on the predominant
language of an item or materials in a collection.
When only one language is associated with an item, the code for that language is
recorded.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/35-37 |
spa |
245 |
00$aRentabilidad bruta del inversionista en bolsa.$pBonos del tesoro. |
If more than one language code is applicable, the code for the predominant
language is recorded in 008/35-37, and the codes for all of the languages,
including the predominant language, are recorded in field 041 (Language Code). The
code recorded in 008/35-37 is always the same as the language code recorded in the
first occurrence of subfields $a or $d (for sound
recordings).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/35-37 |
rus |
041 |
0#$arus$aeng |
500 |
##$aChiefly in Russian; with some contributions in
English.
|
If there is no predominant language, the language codes are recorded in English
alphabetical order in field 041 and the first one is recorded in 008/35-37.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/35-37 |
eng |
041 |
0#$aeng$aspa |
546 |
##$aText in English and Spanish. |
When formulating a bibliographic record for a translation, the
code for the language of the translation, not the language of the original, is
given in 008/35-37. (The code for the language of the original is recorded in
subfield $h of field 041.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/35-37 |
eng |
041 |
1#$aeng$hger [English translation of a German title] |
### - No information provided
zxx - No linguistic content Item has no sung, spoken, or written textual content. Examples of such items
are: 1) instrumental or electronic music; 2) sound recordings consisting of
nonverbal sounds; 3) visual materials with no narration, printed titles,
subtitles, captions, etc.; 4) computer files that consist of no more than the
machine language (e.g., COBOL) or character codes (e.g., ASCII) used in source
programs.
mul - Multiple languages Item is multilingual with no predominant language and the cataloging
institution has chosen not to specify a language in 008/35-37.
sgn - Sign languages Primary medium of communication is a sign language, e.g., a book containing
pictures of the handshape of each letter of a particular sign system, or a
videorecording that is signed. The particular sign language system is stated in
field 546 (Language Note), e.g., American Sign Language. The codes for
secondary and related languages may be indicated in field 041 (Language
Code).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
008/35-37 |
sgn |
041 |
0#$asgn$aeng |
546 |
##$aAmerican Sign Language, with some text in
English.
|
und - Undetermined Language of the item cannot be determined. Also used for works having content
consisting of arbitrary syllables, humming, or other human-produced sounds for
which a language cannot be specified.
[aaa] - Three-character alphabetic code
38 - Modified record One-character code that indicates whether any data in a bibliographic record is a
modification of information that appeared on the item being cataloged or that was
intended to be included in the MARC record.
Such modifications include: the romanization of data that originally appeared in a
non-roman script; substitution of characters available for those characters that
could not be converted to machine-readable form (e.g., special symbols, "¤");
shortening of records because the amount of data exceeded a system imposed maximum
allowable length. A record is not considered to be modified when romanizing fields
in the record that are not transcriptions of data from the item (e.g., headings,
complete nonquoted fields, subscription address, etc.). MARC equivalents for
certain letters used in lesser known languages using the Roman alphabet are also
not considered to be modified.
Precedence of codes - When more than one code applies to a
bibliographic item, use the following table to determine the appropriate code to
use. The codes are listed in precedence order, with codes listed first taking
precedence over codes listed subsequently. Code # is the highest priority.
# |
Not modified |
s |
Shortened |
d |
Dashed-on information omitted |
x |
Missing characters |
r |
Completely romanized/printed cards in script |
o |
Completely romanized/printed cards romanized |
Codes are assigned a priority (recorded in the order of the following list) that
determines which code is input when more than one code applies to the item.
# - Not modified Record has not been modified in any way (e.g., it is not shortened and it
contains no characters that could not be converted to machine-readable
form).
d - Dashed-on information omitted MARC record does not contain "dashed-on" information found on the corresponding
manual copy, either because the dashed-on information was input as a separate
record, recorded in field 500 (General Note), or because it was omitted.
"Dashed-on" information is generally the brief description of material related
to a main item being cataloged that is not considered important enough to
catalog separately. The "dashed-on" technique has not been used heavily since
the introduction of machine-readable bibliographic records.
o - Completely romanized/printed cards romanized Bibliographic data in the MARC record is completely romanized and any printed
cards produced are also in romanized form.
r - Completely romanized/printed cards in script Bibliographic data in the MARC record is completely romanized but the printed
cards are available in the original (vernacular) script.
s - Shortened Some of the data was omitted because the data exceeded the maximum length
allowed by the system used to create or process it.
In systems where the length of data is restricted, it is usually at the field
or record level. MARC bibliographic records have a maximum length of 99,999
characters. (For further information, see MARC 21 Specifications for Record
Structure, Character Sets, and Exchange Media.) Code s is rarely used
in current records.
x - Missing characters Record contained characters that could not be converted to machine-readable
form (e.g., incidental nonroman characters on predominantly roman alphabet
records, mathematical symbols, etc.).
Note: Many institutions choose to simply romanize any nonroman
characters encountered in bibliographic data. The technique of representing
special symbols by a descriptive word or phrase is often used as an alternative
to omitting the special symbol completely (e.g., "[tree]" included in data to
represent the picture of a tree that was meant to be an integral part of the
title). It is unlikely that code x will be used in current records.
| - No attempt to code
008/06 - Type of date/Publication status
b - No dates given; B.C. date involved [NEW, 1987]Prior to the definition of this code and field 046 (Special Coded Dates), data
elements for coded information about B.C. dates were not provided in MARC.
c - Actual date and copyright date (BK, CF, MP, MU, VM) [OBSOLETE]
c - Serial item currently published [REDEFINED, 1995]
t - Publication date and copyright date [NEW, 1995]Prior to its redefinition, code c had a different definition for books, computer
files, maps, music, and visual materials than it did for serials. The difference
was eliminated by the definition of a new code t (Publication date and copyright
date) which is used in place of the obsolete nonserial code c. The definition of
the serial code c was retained.
d - Detailed date (BK, VM) [OBSOLETE]
d - Serial item ceased publication [REDEFINED, 1995]
e - Detailed date [NEW, 1995]Prior to its redefinition, code d had a different definition for books and visual
materials than it did for serials. The difference was eliminated by the definition
of a new code e (Detailed date) which is used in place of the obsolete nonserial
code d. The definition of the serial code d was retained.
i - Date of distribution/release/issue and production/recording session when different (MU) [OBSOLETE, 1978]Prior to the definition of code p (Date of distribution/release/issue and
production/recording session when different) for music in 1978, this type of date
was identified by code i. The current definition of code i (Inclusive dates of
collection) was approved in 1983.
i - Inclusive dates of collection [NEW, 1983]Prior to the definition of code p (Date of distribution/release/issue and
production/recording session when different) for music in 1978, this type of date
was identified by code i.
n - Dates unknownPrior to the introduction of AACR 2, code n was used with all forms of material
when subfield $c (Date of publication, distribution, etc.) in field 260
(Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint)) contained the statement "n.d." for "no
date". In cataloging formulated according to AACR 2, code n is used only 1) in
records for mixed materials when there is no date in field 260 or in field 245,
and 2) in visual material records for naturally occurring objects and artifacts
when subfield $g (Date of manufacture) is not present in field 260 .
Prior to 1995, zeros or blanks were used for unknown portions of Date 1 and Date 2
for some forms of material.
008/15-17 - Place of publication, production, or execution
??q - Questionable place coding [OBSOLETE, 1972]
Technique for indicating a questionable place by modifying the MARC country code was
made obsolete in 1972. Prior to that time, the letter q was added to a
two-character place code (e.g., Paris? was coded as frq) or the letters
d, l, s, or v were used instead of the letters c, k, r,
or u as the third character in the three-character codes for jurisdictions
within Canada, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States (e.g,
Chicago? was coded as ilv instead of ilu). Prior to 1980, place
codes were limited to two character positions (positions 15-16) in the visual
materials specifications. The three-character codes for Canada, the U.K., the U.S.,
and the U.S.S.R. were not used (e.g., London was coded uk).
008/35-37 - LanguagePrior to 2006, three blanks were used to indicate that the item has no sung, spoken
or written text. Code zxx (No linguistic content) was added at that time to indicate
this situation and three blanks were redefined as no information provided.
008/38 - Modified record
u - Unknown [OBSOLETE] [CAN/MARC only]
008/39 - Cataloging source
# - Library of Congress [REDEFINED, 1997]
a - National Agricultural Library [OBSOLETE, 1997] [USMARC only]
b - National Library of Medicine [OBSOLETE, 1997] [USMARC only]
d - Another national library cataloguing [REDEFINED, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]
l - Library of Congress cataloguing [OBSOLETE, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]
o - Other institution cataloguing [OBSOLETE, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]
n - Report to New serials titles [OBSOLETE, 1997] [USMARC only]
r - Reporting library [OBSOLETE, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]
Code n was made obsolete following the cessation of publication of New serial
titles.