Boatner, Mark M., III. The Civil War Dictionary. New York: Vintage Civil War Library, 1991.

Buel, Clarence C., and Johnson, Robert U., eds. Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. New York: T. Yoseloff, 1956.

Long, E. B. The Civil War Day by Day, an Almanac, 1861-1865. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Co., 1971.