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Speech Recognition and Processing

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SCOPE

This guide reviews the literature in the collections of the Library of Congress on speech recognition. Speech recognition is a process by which the elements of spoken language can be recognized and analyzed, and the linguistic message it contains transposed into a meaningful form so that a machine can respond correctly to spoken commands. The earliest attempts to devise systems for automatic speech recognition by machine were made in the 1950s. Today, speech recognition research is interdisciplinary, drawing upon work in fields as diverse as biology, computer science, electrical engineering, linguistics, mathematics, physics, and psychology. Within these disciplines, pertinent work is being done in the areas of acoustics, artificial intelligence, computer algorithms, information theory, linear algebra, linear system theory, pattern recognition, phonetics, physiology, probability theory, signal processing, and syntactic theory.

Applications of speech recognition have been made in office or business systems, as well as in manufacturing, medicine, and telecommunications, and usually concern the recognition and retrieval of information, such as voice- activated data entry; the control, operation, and monitoring of various machines and devices; call-processing functions; and the automation of services normally requiring human beings. While speech recognition has many short-term applications, it also has the potential to change daily life profoundly as free communication between man and machine becomes a reality.

Not intended as a comprehensive bibliography, this guide is designed--as the name of the series implies--to put the reader "on target."

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INTRODUCTIONS TO THE TOPIC

Lea, Wayne A. Speech recognition. In McGraw-Hill encyclopedia of science & technology. v. 17. New York, McGraw-Hill, c1987. p. 231-237.
   Q121.M3 1987 <SciRR>

Roe, David B., and Jay G. Wilpon. Whither speech recognition: the next 25 years. IEEE communications magazine, v. 31, Nov. 1993: 54-62.
   TK5101.A1I13a and Pamphlet box <SciRR>

Rudnicky, Alexander I., Alexander G. Hauptmann, and Kai-Fu Lee. Survey of current speech technology. Communications of the ACM, v. 37, Mar. 1994: 52-57.
   QA76.A772 and Pamphlet box <SciRR>

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SUBJECT HEADINGS

Subject headings used by the Library of Congress, under which books on speech recognition can be located in most card, book, and online catalogs, include the following:

Highly Relevant

AUTOMATIC SPEECH RECOGNITION
SPEECH PROCESSING SYSTEMS

Relevant

SPEECH PROCESSING SYSTEMS INDUSTRY
SPEECH SYNTHESIS

Related

MARKOV PROCESSES

More General

COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS
COMPUTER INPUT-OUTPUT EQUIPMENT
PATTERN RECOGNITION SYSTEMS
PERCEPTIONS
SPEECH
SPEECH PERCEPTION
VOICE

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BASIC TEXTS

Ainsworth, W. A. Speech recognition by machine. London, P. Peregrinus on behalf of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, c1988. 206 p. (IEE computing series, 12)
   Bibliography: p. 185-199.
   TK7882.S65A33 1988

Pelton, Gordon E. Voice processing. New York, McGraw-Hill, c1993. 396 p.
   Bibliography: p. 375-379.
   TK7882.S65P48 1993 <SciRR>

Rabiner, Lawrence R., and B. H. Juang. Fundamentals of speech recognition. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., PTR Prentice Hall, c1993. 507 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   TK7895.S65R33 1993 <SciRR>

Readings in speech recognition. Edited by Alex Waibel and Kai-Fu Lee. San Mateo, Calif., Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, c1990. 629 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   TK7882.S65R42 1990 <SciRR>

Voice communication between humans and machines. David B. Roe and Jay G. Wilpon, editors. Washington, National Academy Press, 1994. 548 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   Based on a colloquium sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences.
   TK7882.S65V62 1994 <SciRR>

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SPECIALIZED TEXTS

Acero, Alejandro. Acoustical and environmental robustness in automatic speech recognition. Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, c1993. 186 p. (The Kluwer international series in engineering and computer science, SECS 201)
   Bibliography: p. 173-183.
   TK7882.S65A24 1992

Advances in speech coding. Editors, Bishnu S. Atal, Vladimir Cuperman, Allen Gersho. Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, c1991. 378 p. (The Kluwer international series in engineering and computer science, SECS 114)
Papers based on presentations at the IEEE Workshop on Speech Coding for Telecommunications, held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, from September 5 to 8, 1989.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   TK7882.S65A28 1991

Analysis and synthesis of speech: strategic research towards high-quality text-to-speech generation. Edited by Vincent J. van Heuven, Louis C. W. Pols. Berlin, New York, Mouton de Gruyter, 1993. 420 p. (Speech research, 11)
   Bibliography: p. 365-406.
   TK7882.S65A55 1993

Bourlard, Herve, and Nelson Morgan. Connectionist speech recognition: a hybrid approach. Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, c1994. 312 p. (The Kluwer international series in engineering and computer science, SECS 247)
   Bibliography: p. 281-306.
   TK7882.S65B69 1994

Church, Kenneth Ward. Phonological parsing in speech recognition. Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, c1987. 261 p. (The Kluwer international series in engineering and computer science, SECS 38)
   Bibliography: p. 189-198.
   TK7882.S65C49 1987

Flanagan, James L. Speech analysis: synthesis and perception. 2nd ed. Berlin, New York, Springer-Verlag, 1972. 444 p. (Kommunikation und Kybernetik in Einzeldarstellungen, 3)
   Bibliography: p. 406-426.
   QP306.F57 1972

Furui, Sadaoki. Digital speech processing, synthesis, and recognition. New York, Marcel Dekker, c1989. 390 p. (Electrical engineering and electronics, 55)
   Bibliography: p. 355-375.
   TK7882.S65F87 1989

Huang, X. D., Y. Ariki, and Mervyn A. Jack. Hidden Markov models for speech recognition. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, c1990. 276 p. (Edinburgh information technology series, 7)
   Includes bibliographical references.
   TK7882.S65H83 1990

Lee, Kai-Fu. Automatic speech recognition: the development of the SPHINX system. Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, c1989. 207 p. (The Kluwer international series in engineering and computer science, SECS 62)
   Bibliography: p. 187-203.
   TK7882.S65L44 1989

Markel, John D., and Augustine H. Gray. Linear prediction of speech. Berlin, New York, Springer-Verlag, 1976. 288 p. (Communication and cybernetics, 12)
   Bibliography: p. 278-284.
   TK7882.S65M37

Papamichalis, Panos E. Practical approaches to speech coding. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, c1987. 322 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   TK7882.S65P36 1987

Quackenbush, Schuyler R., T. P. Barnwell, and Mark A. Clements. Objective measures of speech quality. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice Hall, c1988. 377 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   TK7882.S65Q33 1988

Rabiner, Lawrence R., and Ronald W. Schafer. Digital processing of speech signals. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, c1978. 512 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   TK7882.S65R3

Riley, Michael D. Speech time-frequency representations. Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, c1989. 160 p. (The Kluwer international series in engineering and computer science, SECS 63)
   Bibliography: p. 149-155.
   TK7882.S65R55 1989

Russell, M. J. The development of the speaker independent ARM continuous speech recognition system. London, Controller, H.M.S.O., c1992. 26 p. (Royal Signals and Radar Establishment memorandum, no. 4473)
   Bibliography: p. 24-26.
   TK7895.S65R87 1992

Speech and audio coding for wireless and network applications. Edited by Bishnu S. Atal, Vladimir Cuperman, Allen Gersho. Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, c1993. 283 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   TK7882.S65S6318 1993

Speech input and output assessment: multilingual methods and standards. Editors, A. Fourcin and others. Chichester, Eng., Horwood; New York, Halsted Press, 1989. 290 p.
   Bibliography: p. 239-271.
   TK7882.S65S664 1989

Speech and language processing. Edited by C. Wheddon and R. Linggard. London, New York, Chapman and Hall, 1990. 339 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   TK7882.S65S632 1990

Visual representations of speech signals. Edited by Martin Cooke, Steve Beet, and Malcolm Crawford. Chichester, Eng., New York, J. Wiley & Sons, c1993. 385 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   QP306.V55 1993

Weibel, Alexander. Prosody and speech recognition. London, Pitman; San Mateo, Calif., Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1988. 212 p.
   Bibliography: p. 199-212.
   TK7882.S65W45 1988

Yannakoudakis, E. J., and P. J. Hutton. Speech synthesis and recognition systems. Chichester, Eng., Horwood; New York, Halsted Press, 1987. 184 p.
   Bibliography: p. 173-177.
   TK7882.S65Y36 1987

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ADDITIONAL TEXTS

Advances in speech, hearing, and language processing. London, Greenwich, Conn., JAI Press, c1990- annual.
   TK7882.S65A285

Cater, John P. Electronically hearing: computer speech recognition. Indianapolis, H. W. Sams, c1984. 263 p.
   Bibliography: p. 250-252.
   TK7882.S65C35 1984

Deller, John R., John G. Proakis, and John H. L. Hansen. Discrete-time processing of speech signals. New York, Macmillan, c1993. 908 p.
   Bibliography: p. 852-897.
   TK7882.S65D44 1993

Digital speech processing: speech coding, synthesis, and recognition. Edited by A. Nejat Ince. Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, c1992. 242 p. (The Kluwer international series in engineering and computer science, SECS 155)
   Bibliography: p. 209-238.
   TK7882.S65D54 1992

Electronic speech recognition: techniques, technology, and applications. Edited by Geoff Bristow. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1986. 395 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   TK7882.S65E43 1986

Flanagan, James L. Speech synthesis. Edited by James L. Flanagan and Lawrence R. Rabiner. Stroudsburg, Pa., Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, 1973. 511 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   TK7882.S65F55

Fundamentals of speech synthesis and speech recognition: basic concepts, state of the art and future challenges. Edited by Eric Keller. Chichester,
   TK7882.S65F86 1994
   Eng., New York, Wiley, c1994. c300 p.

Interactive speech technology: human factors issues in the application of speech input/output to computers. Edited by Christopher Baber and Janet M. Noyes. Bristol, Pa., Taylor & Francis, c1993. 212 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   QA76.9.H85I593 1993

Papers in speech communication. Speech perception. Joanne L. Miller, Raymond D. Kent, Bishnu S. Atal, editors. Woodbury, N.Y., Acoustical Society of America, c1991. 764 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   This volume is part of a three-volume series entitled Papers in speech communication; the three volumes are Speech production, Speech perception, and Speech processing; Published by the Acoustical Society of America through the American Institute of Physics.
   BF463.S64P36 1991

Papers in speech communication. Speech processing. Bishnu S. Atal, Joanne L. Miller, and Raymond D. Kent, editors. Woodbury, N.Y., Acoustical Society of America, c1991. 655 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   This volume is part of a three-volume series entitled Papers in speech communication; the three volumes are Speech production, Speech perception, and Speech processing; Published by the Acoustical Society of America through the American Institute of Physics.
   TK7882.S65P36 1991

Papers in speech communication. Speech production. Raymond D. Kent, Bishnu S. Atal, Joanne L. Miller, editors. Woodbury, N.Y., Acoustical Society of America, c1991. 858 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   This volume is part of a three-volume series entitled Papers in speech communication; the three volumes are Speech production, Speech perception, and Speech processing; Published by the Acoustical Society of America through the American Institute of Physics.
   QP306.P36 1991

Parsons, Thomas W. Voice and speech processing. New York, McGraw-Hill, c1986. 402 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   TK7882.S65P37 1986

Prochnow, Dave. Chip talk: projects in speech synthesis. Blue Ridge Summit, Pa., Tab Books, c1987. 209 p.
   Bibliography: p. 197-199.
   TK7882.S65P76 1987

Saito, Shuzo, and Kazuo Nakata. Fundamentals of speech signal processing. New York, Academic Press, 1985. 266 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   TK7882.S65S24 1985

Sclater, Neil. Introduction to electronic speech synthesis. Indianapolis,
   TK7882.S65S34 1983
   H. W. Sams, c1983. 134 p.

Speech analysis. Edited by Ronald W. Schafer, John D. Markel. New York, IEEE Press, c1979. 469 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   TK7882.S65S63

Speech processing. Edited by Chris Rowden. London, New York, McGraw-Hill, c1992. 405 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   TK7882.S65S675 1991

Vysotsky, George. Automatic speech recognition research in the USSR. Falls Church, Va., Delphic Associates, c1986. 143 p.
   Bibliography: p. 139-143.
   TK7882.S65V97 1986

Witten, I. H. Making computers talk: an introduction to speech synthesis. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, c1986. 150 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   TK7882.S65W55 1986

Zemlin, Willard R. Speech and hearing science: anatomy and physiology. 3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1988. 603 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   QP306.Z44 1988 <SciRR>

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CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

DARPA Speech and Natural Language Workshop (3rd, 1990, Hidden Valley, Pa.). Speech and natural language. Proceedings of a Workshop held at Hidden Valley, Pennsylvania, June 24-27, 1990. Sponsored by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Information Science and Technology Office. San Mateo, Calif.; Distributed by Morgan Kaufmann Pub., Inc., 1990. 452 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   TK7895.S65D37 1990

ESCA Tutorial Day and Research Workshop on Speech Synthesis (1990, Autrans, France). Talking machines: theories, models, and designs. Edited by G. Bailly, C. Benoit, assisted by T. R. Sawallis. Amsterdam, New York, North-Holland, 1992. 523 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   TK7882.S65E83 1990

ICASSP [International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing] Proceedings. New York, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; Piscataway, N.J., Available from IEEE Service Center, c1980- annual.
   TK7882.S65I37a

NATO Advanced Study Institute on Recent Advances in Speech Understanding and Dialog Systems (July 5-18, 1987, Bad Windsheim, Germany). Recent advances in speech understanding and dialog systems. Edited by Heinrich Niemann, M. Lang, Gerhard Sagerer. Berlin, New York, Springer-Verlag, c1988. 521 p. (NATO ASI series. Series F, Computer and system sciences, v. 46)
   Includes bibliographical references.
   TK7882.S65N36 1987

NATO Advanced Study Institute on Speech Recognition and Understanding: Recent Advances, Trends, and Applications (July 1-13, 1990, Cetraro, Italy). Speech recognition and understanding: recent advances, trends, and applications. Edited by Pietro Laface, Renato De Mori. Berlin, New York, Springer-Verlag, c1992. 559 p. (NATO ASI series. Series F, Computer and systems sciences, vol. 75)
   Includes bibliographical references.
   TK7882.S65N38 1990

Voice Input/Output Applications Show and Conference. The official proceedings of Speech Tech. New York, Media Dimensions, 1984- annual.
   TK7882.S65V63

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TECHNICAL REPORTS

Technical Reports and other types of literature may be identified in the following abstracting and indexing journals:

Government Reports Announcements & Index (1895- )
   Z7916.G78 <SciRR A&I> and CD-ROM <SciRR>

Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications (1895- )
   Z1233.A18 <SciRR> and CD-ROM <MRR> <N&CPR?

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SELECTED TECHNICAL REPORTS

Reports listed below are available in the microform collection of the Science Reading Room. They and other reports on the subject may also be purchased from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, Virginia 22161. NTIS telephone: (703) 487-4650.

Bates, John K. Phoneme recognition system. Prepared for the National Science Foundation, Small Business Innovation Research Programs. Pleasantville, N.Y., VOIS, Inc., 1989. 48 p.
   PB93-158046

Clements, Mark A., and others. Automatic recognition of speech in stressful environments. Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md., U.S. Army Human Engineering Laboratory, 1991. 71 p. (Technical memorandum 14-91)
   AD-A242917

Danforth, Douglas G. An empirical investigation of sparse distributed memory using discrete speech recognition. Prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Moffett Field, Calif., Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science, 1990. 29 p. (RIACS Technical report, 90.18).
   N92-124379

Olorenshaw, Lex, and David Trawick. Syntactic error modeling and scoring normalization in speech recognition: error modeling and scoring normalization in the speech recognition task for adult literacy training. Prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Moffett Field, Calif., Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science, 1991. 41 p. (NASA-CR- 189938)
   N92-20548

Ostendorf, Mari, and J. Robin Rohlicek. Segment-based acoustic models for continuous speech recognition, Progress report: 1 October 92 - 30 September 93. Submitted to Office of Naval Research and Advanced Research Projects Administration. Boston, Mass., Dept. of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering, Boston University, 1993. 12 p.
   AD-A271483

Paul, Douglas B. An efficient stack decoder algorithm for continuous speech recognition with a stochastic language model. Prepared for Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Lexington, Mass., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lincoln Laboratory, 1991. 21 p. (Technical report 930)
   AD-A240745

Russell, Martin J. A segmental hidden Markov model for speech pattern processing. Prepared for Defence Research Information Centre, Orpington, Eng. Malvern, Eng., Defence Research Agency, 1992. 36 p. (Royal Signals and Radar Establishment, memo 4599)
   AD-A258220

Weinstein, Clifford J. Opportunities for advanced speech processing in military computer-based systems. Prepared for Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Lexington, Mass., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lincoln Laboratory, 1991. 51 p. (Technical report 940)
   AD-A233724

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ABSTRACTING AND INDEXING SERVICES

Abstracting and Indexing Services that index relevant journal articles and other liteature on speech recognition are listed below. Some suggested terms are given as aids in searching. Note: Consult reference librarian for location of abstracting and indexing services in the Science Reading Room. The following indexes are available in most public and college libraries:

ACM Guide to Computing Literature (1977-)
   QA75.5.A75a <SciRR A&I>
   See: Voice
   Speech

Applied Science & Technology Index (1913-)
   Z7913.I7 <SciRR A&I> <MRR> <N&CPR> and CD-ROM <SciRR>
   See: Automatic Speech Recognition
   Automatic Speech Recognition Devices
   Hidden Markov Models
   Speech Processing Systems
   Speech Synthesis

Artificial Intelligence Abstracts (1984-1992)
   Q334.A76 <SciRR A&I>
   See: Speech Recognition
   Speech Synthesis
   Voice Recognition

Computer Abstracts (1957-)
   Z6654.C17C64 <SciRR A&I>
   See: Speech Recognition
   Voice Communication
   Voice Recognition

Computer and Control Abstracts (1966-)
   QA76.C548 <SciRR A&I> and CD-ROM <SciRR>
   See: Section 12.50C Speech Recognition
   Section 55.85 Speech Recognition and Synthesis

Computer and Information Systems Abstracts (1962-)
   QA76.I46 <SciRR A&I>
   See: Speech Recognition
   Voice/Data Communication Systems

Computing Reviews (1960-)
   QA76.C5854 <SciRR A&I>
   See: Section B.4 Input/Output and Data Communication

Current Technology Index (1962-)
   Z7913.B7 <SciRR A&I>
   See: Section 11 Communication--Speech Sounds
   Section 12 Control and Computer Technology--Computers--Speech Recognition Machines

Engineering Index (1884-)
   Z5851.E62 <SciRR A&I> and CD-ROM <SciRR>
   See: Speech Analysis
   Speech Coding
   Speech Communication
   Speech Intelligibility
   Speech Processing
   Speech Recognition
   Speech Synthesis
   Speech Transmission
   Voice/Data Communication Systems

General Science Index (1978-)
   Z7401.G46 <SciRR A&I> <MRR> <N&CPR>
   See: Speech
   Speech Processing Systems
   Voice

Index Medicus (1960-)
   Z6660.I42 <SciRR A&I> and CD-ROM <SciRR>
   See: Headings beginning with Speech or Voice

Information Science Abstracts (1966-)
   Z699.A1D6 <SciRR A&I>
   See: Speech Recognition
   Voice
   Section on Communications and Telecommunications Systems

Magazine Index (1980-)
   Available in several formats in LC
   See: Speech Processing Systems    Speech Processing Systems Industry
   Voice I O Device
   Voice I O Equipment
   Voice Recognition

Psychological Abstracts (1927-)
   BF1.P65 <SciRR A&I> and CD-ROM <SciRR>
   See: Speech Perception
   Speech Processing (Mechanical)
   Synthetic Speech

Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature (1900-)
   AI3.R48 <B&E> <MRR> <N&CPR>
   See: Speech Processing Systems

Science Abstracts. Series A, Physics Abstracts (1898-)
   QC1.P46 <SciRR A&I> and CD-ROM <SciRR>
   See: Section 8736 Speech and Biocommunications
   Section 4370 Speech Communication

Science Abstracts. Series B, Electrical & Electronics Abstracts (1898- )
   Z5833.E37 <SciRR A&I> and CD-ROM <SciRR>
   See: Section 6130 Speech Analysis and Processing Techniques
   Section 6200 Telecommunication

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JOURNALS

Journals that often contain relevant articles to speech recognition include the following:

Acoustical Society of America. Journal
QC221.A4
ASR News [Automatic Speech Recognition News] HD9696.S64A87
Computer Speech & Language TK7882.S65C63
IEE Proceedings. I, Communications, Speech, and Vision TK1.I13817
IEEE Signal Processing Magazine TK5981.I143
IEEE Signal Processing Letters TK5102.9.I32
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing TK5981.I2
IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing TK7882.S65I38
Speech Recognition Update TK7882.S65S677
Voice Processing Magazine WMLC 93/4040
Voice Technology News <N&CPR> Current Issues Only

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REPRESENTATIVE JOURNAL ARTICLES

Algazi, V. Ralph, and others. Transform representation of the spectra of acoustic speech segments with applications - II: speech analysis, synthesis and coding. IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, v. 1, July 1993: 277-286.
   TK7882.S65I38

Bahl, Lalit R., and others. Multonic Markov word models for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition. IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, v. 1, July 1993: 334-344.
   TK7882.S65I38

Banks, D. Localisation and separation of simultaneous voices with two microphones. IEE proceedings--I. Communications, speech and vision, v. 140, Aug.1993: 239-244.
   TK1.I13817

Berger, Shaul, and others. An application specific DSP for speech applications. IEEE transactions on consumer electronics, v. 39, Nov. 1993: 733-739.
   TK6563.I2

Bocchieri, E.L., and J. G. Wilpon. Discriminative feature selection for speech recognition. Computer speech and language, v. 7, July 1993: 229-246.
   TK7882.S65C63

Castello, Rinaldo, and Luciano Tomasini. A BiCMOS speech circuit with only two external components. IEEE journal of solid-state circuits, v. 28, July 1993: 770-777.
   TK7871.85.I23

Chang, Pao-Chung, Sin-Horng Chen, and Biing-Hwang Juang. Discriminative analysis of distortion sequences in speech recognition. IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing, v. 1, July 1993: 326-333.
   TK7882.S65I38

De Mori, Renato, and Giovanni Flammia. Speaker-independent consonant classification in continuous speech with distinctive features and neural networks. In Acoustical Society of America. Journal, v. 94, Dec. 1993: 3091-3103.
   QC221.A4

Gupta, V., and others. Use of minimum duration and energy contour for phonemes to improve large vocabulary isolated-word recognition. Computer speech and language, v. 6, Oct. 1992: 345-359.
   TK7882.S65C63

Gupta, V., M. Lennig, and P. Mermelstein. A language model for very large- vocabulary speech recognition. Computer speech and language, v. 6, Oct. 1992: 331-344.
   TK7882.S65C63

Lee, C.-H., and others. Improved acoustic modeling for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition. Computer speech and language, v. 6, Oct. 1992: 103-127.
   TK7882.S65C63

Pai, Hsiao-Fen, and Hsiao-Chuan Wang. A study of two-dimensional cepstrum approach for speech recognition. Computer speech and language, v. 6, Oct. 1992: 361-375.
   TK7882.S65C63

Schwin, Gene. Voice I/O for the industrial environment. Material handling engineering, July 1993: 26.
   TS149.F45

Snyder, J. H., and others. Tools for real-time signal-processing research: new tools that facilitate the transfer of speech-processing algorithms from mainframes or workstations to DSP hardware. IEEE communications magazine, v. 31, Nov. 1993: 64-74.
   TK5101.A1I13a

Speech recognition planned for more than 150 airport towers. Speech recognition update, May 1993: 1,3.
   TK7882.S65S677

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SELECTED MATERIALS

Selected materials available in the Science Reading Room pamphlet boxes include the following:

Andrews, David L. IBM and Apple work to perfect voice input. Byte, v. 18, Aug. 1993: 32.

Bertolucci, Jeff. Cheap talk: low-cost speech recognition. PC world, v. 11, Feb. 1993: 72.

Computers are learning to listen. Today's science on file, v. 1, Jan. 1993: 97-99.

Crane, Hewitt D., and Dimitry Rtischev. Pen and voice unite. Byte, v. 18, Oct. 1993: 98,99,102.

Freyd, Gwendolyn. Friendly chats with computers. Technology review, v. 95, May/June 1992: 13-14.

Hammond, G. T. Deploying speech technology in telephone banking services. Speech technology, v. 5, Apr./May 1990: 30-33.

Levinson, Stephen E., Joseph P. Olive, and Judith S. Tschirgi. Speech synthesis in telecommunications. IEEE communications magazine, v. 31, Nov. 1993: 46-53.

Low-cost speech recognition for personal computers. Speech recognition update, Jan. 1993: 1-6.

McCrone, John. Computers that listen. New scientist, v. 140, Dec. 4, 1993: 30-35.

Oberteuffer, John A. Applications of advanced speech technologies. Voice processing magazine, v. 5, Apr. 1993: 56-62.

Pennisi, Elizabeth. Talking maps. Science news, v. 142, Dec. 5, 1992: 392-393.

Peterson, Ivars. Speech for export. Science news, v. 144, Oct. 16, 1993: 254-5.

Peterson, Ivars. Voices in command. Science news, v. 143, Apr. 3, 1993: 222-223.

Poole, Lon. Useful voice processor for Mac 1.1v7. Macworld, v. 10, Dec. 1993: 63, 65.

Pratt, David. Automatic voice recognition in the 1990s: with a little help. Speech technology, v. 5, Apr./May 1990: 40.

Tobin, Paul E. On the future of voice technology in military applications. Speech technology, v. 5, Apr./May 1990: 76-78.

Zimmerman, Robert. Computer ear. The Sciences, v. 34, Jan./Feb. 1994: 9-10.

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ADDITIONAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION

Signal Processing Society
c/o Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
345 E. 47th St.
New York, NY 10017
Telephone: (212) 705-7900
FAX: (212) 705-4929

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   August 31, 2006
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