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National Biomonitoring Program |
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National Center for Environmental Health |
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National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |
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Executive Summary Full Color PDF 3.7MB |
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DLS Brochure |
Perfluorinated Compounds
Reference
Calafat AM, Wong LY, Kuklenyik Z, Reidy JA, Needham LL. Polyfluoroalkyl Chemicals in the U.S. Population: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004 and Comparisons to NHANES 1999-2000. Environ Health Perspect 2007 Nov;115(11):1578-83.
Abstract
Background
Polyfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs) have been used since the 1950s in numerous commercial applications. Exposure of the general U.S. population to PFCs is widespread. Since 2002, the manufacturing practices for PFCs in the United States have changed considerably.
Objectives
To assess exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and eight other PFCs in a representative 2003-2004 sample of the general U.S. population aged 12 years and older and to determine whether serum concentrations have changed since the 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
Methods
By using automated solid-phase extraction coupled to isotope dilution-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we analyzed 2,094 serum samples collected from NHANES 2003-2004 participants.
Results
We detected PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS and PFNA in more than 98% of the samples. Concentrations differed by race/ethnicity and sex. Geometric mean concentrations were significantly lower (approximately 32% for PFOS, 25% for PFOA, 10% for PFHxS) and higher (100%, PFNA) than the concentrations reported in NHANES 1999-2000 (P <0.001).
Conclusions
In the general U.S. population in 2003-2004, PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, and PFNA serum concentrations were measurable in each demographic population group studied. Geometric mean concentrations of PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS in 2003-2004 were lower than in 1999-2000. The apparent reductions in concentrations of PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS most likely are related to discontinuation in 2002 of industrial production by electrochemical fluorination of PFOS and related perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride compounds.
Full Text
The formatted version of this publication is available from:
Environmental Health Perspectives (EHP)
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