Healthy People 2010 focus
area 28 – Vision and Hearing Progress Review data presentation by
Richard Klein.
October 21, 2008
Slide 2
Vision
About 21 million U.S. adults are visually
impaired.
An average lifetime cost for a person with
visual impairment - $601,000 (in 2003 dollars)
Hearing
About 36 million (17%) American adults
have some degree of hearing loss.
Lifetime cost per person with prelingual
severe to profound hearing loss exceeds $1 million.
Prevention
Early diagnosis, treatment, and use
of protective devices can prevent vision and hearing loss.
Slide 3
This slide contains Healthy People 2010
objectives highlighted for this Progress Review.
Vision
28-1. Dilated eye examinations among
adults (baseline data only)
28-2. Vision screening for children
(baseline data only)
28-4. Visual impairment in children and
adolescents (no change)
28-8a. Occupational eye injuries
(improving)
28-9. Protective eyewear use (baseline
data only)
Hearing
28-12. Otitis media in children and
adolescents (met target0
28-13a, c. Use of hearing aids by adults
with hearing loss (no change)
28-14a, b. Hearing examinations among
adults in last 5 years (no change)
28-16a. Use of ear protection devices
among adults (no change)
28-17. Noise induced hearing loss among
adolescents (no change)
28-18. Noise induced hearing loss among
adults (no change)
Slide 4
Data are for children ages 17 years and
under who have trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact
lenses. The visual impairment data (VI) include blindness.
The prevalence of visual impairment was 25
per 1000 children in 2007.
There are no changes in VI among children
between 1997 and 2006
Slide 5
Only 36% of preschool children have ever
received the vision testing in 2002.
There was no significant difference in
vision testing among racial/ethnic groups.
Children with disabilities were more
likely to receive vision testing than their counterparts.
Slide 6
About 55% of adults 18 years and over had
a dilated eye exam once in 2 years.
Adults with diabetes are recommended to
have an annual dilated eye examination, 57% of adults with diabetes
received a dilated eye examination in the past 12 months in 2002.
HP 2010 have a related objective in focus
area 5- Diabetes with the target of 76%.
Women and persons who have at least some
college education met the target of 58%.
Slide 7
Data are for occupational eye injuries
among private industry employees that required medical treatment beyond
first aid and that resulted in one or more days away from work.
Data are for full time workers aged 16
years and older. Full time work = 2,000 hours worked per calendar year.
The private industry classification excludes agricultural workers on
farms with fewer than 11 employees, self-employed, private household
workers, and city, state, and federal employees in public
administration.
There has been a slight decline 2002 and
2006 from 4.8 to 3.9.
Women were less likely to have an eye
injury than men (1.8 vs. 5.3)
The data source is Survey of Occupational
Injuries and Illnesses, Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Slide 8
The objective measures number of children
6-17 years and adults 18 years and over who used protective eyewear
during the eye injury causing recreational activities and hazardous
situations around the home.
These eye injury causing activities
include: baseball, basketball, mowing the lawn, woodworking, or working
with chemicals.
About 50% of children ages 6 to 17 and 30%
of adults participated in sports, hobbies, or other activities that
could cause eye injury.
Among those who participated in sports,
hobbies, or other activities that could cause eye injury, only 15% of
children and 33% of adults and wear eye protection always or most of the
time while doing these activities.
Slide 9
Visits to ambulatory care facilities with
a diagnosis of otitis media among persons under age 18 years.
All groups met the target – 294 per 1,000
population.
Children under 3 years old have the
highest rate of otitis media than older children.
Slide 10
The slide shows adults aged 20 years and
over who have had a hearing exam within the past 5 years. About 30% of
adults 20-69 years and 38% of adults 70 years and older had a hearing
examination in the past 5 years.
Males 20-69 years old and persons 80+
years were more likely to have a hearing exam than their counterparts.
Slide 11
Data are for adults aged 20+ years with
hearing impairments who have ever used a hearing aid or assistive
listening devices or who have cochlear implants.
About 17% of hearing impaired adults 20-69
years and 29% hearing impaired adults 70+ years of use hearing aids.
The objectives use two data sources NHIS
and NHANES.
Slide 12
Data are for adults 20 to 69 years who
have an elevated hearing thresholds, or audiometric notches, in high
frequencies (3, 4, or 6 kHz) in both ears, signifying noise induced
hearing loss.
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is
permanent neurosensory hearing loss.
About 12% of adults 20-69 years old had
noise induced hearing loss in 2003-04.
Males were more likely to have noise
induced hearing loss than females.
Slide 13
Data are for adults 20-69 years who report
they have ever worn a hearing protective device when exposed to loud
sounds or noise.
About 50% of adults 20-69 years exposed to
loud noises reported use of ear protection devices.
Loud noise categories:
1. "At work" - includes loud noise
exposure at all types of jobs (current job, longest job, and also job at the
armed forces).
2. The "Outside work" variable combines
"Firearms" and "Other noises".
a. "Firearms" - exposure to firearms
noises outside of work for an average at least once a month for a year.
b."Other noises" - variable is based on
a question that asks about loud noise exposure (such as loud music, power
tools) outside work.
Slide 14
6 vision objectives have only baseline
data, the follow up data will be available in 2009.
Two objectives: VI due to refractive
errors and VI among children have no change and eye injury objective is
improving.
Otitis media objective met the target.
One of the hearing objectives was deleted
during Midcourse review due to lack of data.
Most of the hearing objectives show
no change or change was not statistically significant.
Slide 15
Use of eye care services and use of
protective eyewear are low.
Occupational eye injuries are gradually
declining with significant disparity between females and males.
Visits for otitis media decreased and met
the target for all groups.
Use of hearing examination and hearing
aids among adults remain low.
Rates of noise-induced hearing loss
among adults and adolescents have not significantly changed.
Slide 16
FA28 interagency workgroup and NCHS
contributed to the preparation of this data presentation.