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References and acknowledgements

1 American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Practice Bulletin: Clinical
  management guidelines for obstetricians-gynecologists. Number 30, September
  2001. Obstetrics and Gynecology 98(3):525-38, 2001.

2 American Diabetes Association: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (Position Statement).
  Diabetes Care 26(Suppl 1): S103-S105, 2003.

3 Metzger BE, Coustan DR (Eds.): Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop-
  Conference on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care 21(Suppl. 2): B1-B167, 1998.

4 Adapted from Nutrition and Your Health: Dietary Guidelines for Americans (Fifth
  Edition). U.S. Department of Agriculture/U.S.Department of Health and Human
  Services. Government Printing Office; Washington, DC: 2000.

5 American Diabetes Association: Evidence-Based Nutrition Principles and
  Recommendations for the Treatment and Prevention of Diabetes and Related
  Complications (Position Statement). Diabetes Care 26(Suppl. 1): S51-S61, 2003.

6 Jovanovic-Peterson L,and Peterson C: Is Exercise Safe or Useful for Gestational
  Diabetes Women? Diabetes 40 (Suppl. 2): 179-181, 1991.

7 Exercise During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period. ACOG Technical Bulletin No.
  189:1-4, 1994

8 Brown JE: Nutrition and Pregnancy: A Complete Guide from Preconception to
  Postdelivery
. Los Angeles, CA: NTC/Contemporary Publishing Group, 1998.

9 Gabbe SG, Neibyl JR, and Simpson JL (Eds.): Obstetrics: Normal and Problem
  Pregnancies
(Third Edition). New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone, 1996.

10 Nutrition During Pregnancy. ACOG Patient Education Publication AP001. Washington,
   DC: ACOG, 1995.

11 Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection,Evaluation and Treatment of High
   Blood Pressure: The Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention,
   Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. The Archives of
   Internal Medicine
157: 2413-2446, 1997.

12 Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus: Report of
   the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus.
   Diabetes Care 26 (Suppl. 1): S5-S20, 2003.

13 MacNeill S, Dodds L, Hamilton DC, Armson BA,VandenHof M: Rates and Risk Factors
   for Recurrence of Gestational Diabetes. Diabetes Care 24:659-662, 2001.

14 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 2002. USDA National
   Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 15.Nutrient Data Laboratory
   Home Page, http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp.

The NICHD would like to acknowledge Steve Gabbe, M.D., for his contributions to this booklet. The image on page 6 was provided by Tina Williams Photography.

Portions of this booklet are based on a manuscript by Deborah Thomas-Dobersen, R.D., M.S.


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