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The TAPPI Standard Paper Materials Collection of the Library of Congress: A Photomicrographic Collection

Part II: Hardwoods: Mountain Ash, White Ash, Aspen.

The Library of Congress' study collection of TAPPI paper samples has long been used for microscopic research to aid the work of conservators and students. Anne Downey and Frank Hengemihle augmented the study collection by creating photomicrographs of each of the samples in the collection. Images of individual fibers were produced through optical microscopy; companion images of each sample were produced through Scanning Electron Microscopy.

The original photographs and negatives are housed at the Library of Congress Preservation and Conservation Microscopy Laboratory. An additional set of photographs are held by the American Philosophical Society Library's Conservation Department.

1.Hardwoods Tappi Standard #199 Mountain Ash Australia, Kraft, No Bleach, Sapwood.

Photograph 1A. Mountain Ash, Sapwood, Kraft, No Bleach. 45° Crossed Polars 20X.
High resolution TIFF image (4.3MB)

Photograph 1A. Mountain Ash, Sapwood, Kraft, No Bleach. 45° Crossed Polars 20X.

Photograph 1B. Mountain Ash, Sapwood, Kraft, No Bleach. Graff's C Stain 10X.
High resolution TIFF image (4.5MB)

Photograph 1B. Mountain Ash, Sapwood, Kraft, No Bleach. Graff's C Stain 10X.

Photograph 1C. Mountain Ash, Sapwood, Kraft, No Bleach. Scanning Electron Microscope: 203X.
High resolution TIFF image (5.0MB)

Photograph 1C. Mountain Ash, Sapwood, Kraft, No Bleach. Scanning Electron Microscope: 203X.

Photograph 1D. Mountain Ash, Sapwood, Kraft, No Bleach. SEM 509X.
High resolution TIFF image (5.0MB)

Photograph 1D. Mountain Ash, Sapwood, Kraft, No Bleach. SEM 509X.

2. Hardwoods Tappi Standard #200 Mountain Ash, Australia, Kraft, No Bleach, Heartwood.

Photograph 2A. Mountain Ash, Australia, Kraft, No Bleach, Heartwood. 45° Crossed Polars 20X.
High resolution TIFF image (4.5MB)

Photograph 2A. Mountain Ash, Australia, Kraft, No Bleach, Heartwood. 45° Crossed Polars 20X.

Photograph 2B. Mountain Ash, Australia, Kraft, No Bleach, Heartwood. Graff's C Stain 10X.
High resolution TIFF image (4.5MB)

Photograph 2B. Mountain Ash, Australia, Kraft, No Bleach, Heartwood. Graff's C Stain 10X.

Photograph 2C. Mountain Ash, Australia, Kraft, No Bleach, Heartwood. SEM 496X.
High resolution TIFF image (4.9MB)

Photograph 2C. Mountain Ash, Australia, Kraft, No Bleach, Heartwood. SEM 496X.

Photograph 2D. Mountain Ash, Australia, Kraft, No Bleach, Heartwood. SEM 202X.
High resolution TIFF image (5.1MB)

Photograph 2D. Mountain Ash, Australia, Kraft, No Bleach, Heartwood. SEM 202X.

3. Hardwoods Tappi Standard #395, White Ash, Arkansas, Neutral Sulfite Semichemical No Bleach.

Photograph 3A. White Ash, Arkansas, Neutral Sulfite Semichemical No Bleach. 45° Crossed Polars.
High resolution TIFF image (4.6MB)

Photograph 3A. White Ash, Arkansas, Neutral Sulfite Semichemical No Bleach. 45° Crossed Polars.

Photograph 3B. White Ash, Arkansas, Neutral Sulfite Semichemical No Bleach. Graff's C Stain 10X.
High resolution TIFF image (4.49MB)

Photograph 3B. White Ash, Arkansas, Neutral Sulfite Semichemical No Bleach. Graff's C Stain 10X.

Photograph 3C. White Ash, Arkansas, Neutral Sulfite Semichemical No Bleach. SEM 490X.
High resolution TIFF image (4.3MB)

Photograph 3C. White Ash, Arkansas, Neutral Sulfite Semichemical No Bleach. SEM 490X.

Photograph 3D. White Ash, Arkansas, Neutral Sulfite Semichemical No Bleach. SEM 190X.
High resolution TIFF image (4.5MB)

Photograph 3D. White Ash, Arkansas, Neutral Sulfite Semichemical No Bleach. SEM 190X.

4. Hardwoods Tappi Standard #396, White Ash, Arkansas, Neutral Sulfite Semichemical, Full Bleach (3Stage).

Photograph 4A. White Ash, Arkansas, Neutral Sulfite Semichemical, Full Bleach (3Stage). 45° Crossed Polars, 20X.
High resolution TIFF image (4.6MB)

Photograph 4A. White Ash, Arkansas, Neutral Sulfite Semichemical, Full Bleach (3Stage). 45° Crossed Polars, 20X.

Photograph 4B. White Ash, Arkansas, Neutral Sulfite Semichemical, Full Bleach (3Stage). Graff's C Stain 10X.
High resolution TIFF image (4.49MB)

Photograph 4B. White Ash, Arkansas, Neutral Sulfite Semichemical, Full Bleach (3Stage). Graff's C Stain 10X.

Photograph 4C. White Ash, Arkansas, Neutral Sulfite Semichemical, Full Bleach (3Stage). SEM 496X.
High resolution TIFF image (4.2MB)

Photograph 4C. White Ash, Arkansas, Neutral Sulfite Semichemical, Full Bleach (3Stage). SEM 496X.

Photograph 4D. White Ash, Arkansas, Neutral Sulfite Semichemical, Full Bleach (3Stage). SEM 206X.
High resolution TIFF image (4.2MB)

Photograph 4D. White Ash, Arkansas, Neutral Sulfite Semichemical, Full Bleach (3Stage). SEM 206X.

5. Hardwoods Tappi Standard #4 Aspen, Minnesota, Groundwood, Full Bleach, Peroxide.

Photograph 5A. Aspen, Minnesota, Groundwood, Full Bleach, Peroxide. 45° Crossed Polars 20X.
High resolution TIFF image (4.6MB)

Photograph 5A. Aspen, Minnesota, Groundwood, Full Bleach, Peroxide. 45° Crossed Polars 20X.

Photograph 5B. Aspen, Minnesota, Groundwood, Full Bleach, Peroxide. Graff's C Stain 10X.

Photograph 5B. Aspen, Minnesota, Groundwood, Full Bleach, Peroxide. Graff's C Stain 10X.

Photograph 5C. Aspen, Minnesota, Groundwood, Full Bleach, Peroxide. SEM 496X.
High resolution TIFF image (4.1MB)

Photograph 5C. Aspen, Minnesota, Groundwood, Full Bleach, Peroxide. SEM 496X.

Photograph 5D. Aspen, Minnesota, Groundwood, Full Bleach, Peroxide. SEM 206X.
High resolution TIFF image (4.2MB)

Photograph 5D. Aspen, Minnesota, Groundwood, Full Bleach, Peroxide. SEM 206X.

6. Hardwoods Tappi Standard #202 Aspen, New York, Chemigroundwood, No Bleach.

Photograph 6A. Aspen, New York, Chemigroundwood, No Bleach. 45° Crossed Polars, 20X.
High resolution TIFF image (4.6MB)

Photograph 6A. Aspen, New York, Chemigroundwood, No Bleach. 45° Crossed Polars, 20X.

Photograph 6B. Aspen, New York, Chemigroundwood, No Bleach. Graff's C Stain 10X.
High resolution TIFF image (4.5MB)

Photograph 6B. Aspen, New York, Chemigroundwood, No Bleach. Graff's C Stain 10X.

Photograph 6C. Aspen, New York, Chemigroundwood, No Bleach. SEM 496X.
High resolution TIFF image (4.4MB)

Photograph 6C. Aspen, New York, Chemigroundwood, No Bleach. SEM 496X.

Photograph 6D. Aspen, New York, Chemigroundwood, No Bleach. SEM 195X.
High resolution TIFF image (4.3MB)

Photograph 6D. Aspen, New York, Chemigroundwood, No Bleach. SEM 195X.

7. Hardwoods Tappi Standard #6, Aspen, Wisconsin, Neut, Sulfite, Semi-bl., 1-Stage Cal. Hypochlorite bl.

Photograph 7A. Aspen, Wisconsin, Neut, Sulfite, Semi-bl., 1-Stage Cal. Hypochlorite bl. 45° Crossed Polars 20X.
High resolution TIFF image (4.6MB)

Photograph 7A. Aspen, Wisconsin, Neut, Sulfite, Semi-bl., 1-Stage Cal. Hypochlorite bl. 45° Crossed Polars 20X.

Photograph 7B. Aspen, Wisconsin, Neut, Sulfite, Semi-bl., 1-Stage Cal. Hypochlorite bl. Graff's C Stain 10X.
High resolution TIFF image (4.5MB)

Photograph 7B. Aspen, Wisconsin, Neut, Sulfite, Semi-bl., 1-Stage Cal. Hypochlorite bl. Graff's C Stain 10X.

Photograph 7C. Aspen, Wisconsin, Neut, Sulfite, Semi-bl., 1-Stage Cal. Hypochlorite bl. SEM 496X.
High resolution TIFF image (4.4MB)

Photograph 7C. Aspen, Wisconsin, Neut, Sulfite, Semi-bl., 1-Stage Cal. Hypochlorite bl. SEM 496X.

Photograph 7D. Aspen, Wisconsin, Neut, Sulfite, Semi-bl., 1-Stage Cal. Hypochlorite bl. SEM 198X.

Photograph 7D. Aspen, Wisconsin, Neut, Sulfite, Semi-bl., 1-Stage Cal. Hypochlorite bl. SEM 198X.