On March 20-22, 2003, Jefferson National Expansion Memorial, in conjunction with the Missouri Historical Society and the Spanish Colonial Research Center of the National Park Service, hosted a symposium entitled “Lewis and Clark: Observations on an Expedition.” The symposium was the third in a series of four to be held in St. Louis to commemorate the Bicentennial of the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark Expedition.

Speakers and Topics:

March 20, 2003
Day 1: Preparations for the Expedition

Keynote Address
8:00 a.m. Roger Kennedy, former Director, National Park Service (Invited)
8:45 a.m. Break

Morning Sessions
9:00 a.m. Jon Kukla, Executive Vice-President of the Patrick Henry Memorial Foundation; “André Michaux and ‘Mr. Jeff’: Wayward Precursor of Lewis and Clark.”
9:30 a.m. Junius P. Rodriguez, Eureka College, Eureka, Illinois; “The Provenance of Lesser Gods: A Retrospective Evaluation of the Hunter-Dunbar and Freeman-Custis Expeditions.”
10:00 a.m. John Logan Allen, University of Wyoming; “’So Vast a Country’: Images of the Trans-Mississippi West Before Lewis and Clark.” (Prevented from attending by foul weather).
10:30 a.m. Q+A
10:45 a.m. Break
11:00 a.m. Carolyn Gilman, Missouri Historical Society; “Lewis and Clark Prepare to Meet the Indians.”
11:30 a.m. Bob Moore, Jefferson National Expansion Memorial; “We’re Looking for a Few Good Men – The U.S. Military at the Time of Lewis and Clark.”
Noon Q+A
12:15 p.m. Lunch

Afternoon Sessions
1:30 p.m. Daniel Botkin, University of California, Santa Barbara; “Lewis and Clark and the Natural World”
2:00 p.m. Jim Denny, Missouri Department of Natural Resources; "Ascending the Lower Missouri River: the First Great Trial of the Lewis and Clark Expedition."
2:30 Jim Harlan, Department of Geography, University of Missouri; “Tracing Lewis and Clark across the Map of Missouri.”
3:00 p.m. Q+A
3:15 p.m. Break
3:30 p.m. David J. Peck; "The Medical World of Lewis and Clark."
4:00 p.m. Joseph Mussulman; “In Greatest Harmony: ‘Meddicine Songs’ on the Lewis and Clark Trail.”
4:30 p.m. Leandra Holland, Old Yellowstone Publishing; “Food and the Corps of Discovery: St. Louis Provisioning”
5:00 p.m. Q+A
5:15 p.m. Wrap for the day

March 21, 2003
Day 2: The People of the Expedition

Keynote Address
8:00 a.m. James Ronda, University of Tulsa, “The Best of Families: The Lewis and Clark Expedition as a Community”
8:45 a.m. Break

Morning Sessions
9:00 a.m. Stephanie Ambrose Tubbs; "Meriwether Lewis: Selected and Implanted by Nature."
9:30 a.m. Landon Y. Jones; “His First Expeditions: Lieutenant William Clark in the Ohio Valley”
10:00 a.m. William Foley, Professor Emeritus of History, Central Missouri State University; “William Clark, Meriwether Lewis and Upper Louisiana's French Creoles.”
10:30 a.m. Q+A
10:45 a.m. Break
11:00 a.m. Joseph P. Sanchez, Spanish Colonial Research Center; “Missions to Intercept Lewis and Clark”
11:30 a.m. Jay H. Buckley, Department of History, Brigham Young University; “William Clark's Tenure as Superintendent of Indian Affairs.”
Noon Q+A
12:15 p.m. Lunch

Afternoon Sessions
1:30 p.m. Denis Vaugeois; “French Contributions to the Success of the Lewis and Clark Expedition”
2:00 p.m. Carol Lynn MacGregor, Boise State University; “Who Was Patrick Gass?”
2:30 p.m. James Alexander Thom “George Drouillard”
3:00 p.m. Q+A
3:15 p.m. Break
3:30 p.m. Amy Mossett, Three Affiliated Tribes; “Sacagawea”
4:00 p.m. James Holmberg, Filson Historical Society; “’A Notion About Freedom’: York, William Clark, and Slavery”
4:30 p.m. Dan Slosberg; “Pierre Cruzatte”
5:00 p.m. Q+A
5:15 p.m. Wrap for the day

March 22, 2003
Day 3: Legacies

Keynote Address
8:00 a.m. Robert Archibald, President, Missouri Historical Society
8:45 a.m. Break

Morning Sessions
9:00 a.m. W. Raymond Wood, Professor Emeritus, University of Missouri-Columbia; "Lewis and Clark and their Neighbors at Fort Mandan"
9:30 a.m. Alvin Josephy; “Lewis and Clark and the Nez Perce”
10:00 a.m. Otis Halfmoon, National Park Service; “Twisted Hair and Lewis and Clark’s Nez Perce Contacts”
10:30 a.m. Q+A
10:45 a.m. Break
11:00 a.m. Kathleen DuVal, McNeil Center for Early American Studies, University of Pennsylvania; “The Osage After Lewis and Clark”
11:30 a.m. Gerard Baker, Superintendent, Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail; “The Tribal Legacy of the Expedition” (Prevented from attending due to the war with Iraq).
Noon Q+A
12:15 p.m. Lunch

Afternoon Sessions
1:30 p.m. Donald Heidenreich, Lindenwood University; "U.S. National Security and Party Politics: The Consensus on Lousiana, 1789-1803"
2:00 p.m. William Barnaby Faherty, former director, Museum of the Western Jesuit Missions; “Commissioner Clark and the Christian Missionaries.”
2:30 p.m. Fred Fausz, University of Missouri, St. Louis; “’Useful Friends or Dangerous Enemies’: Lewis and Clark and the Fur Trade”
3:00 p.m. Q+A
3:15 p.m. Break
3:30 p.m. Peter Kastor, Washington University; “The History of the Expedition: The Print and Visual Culture of Lewis and Clark’s West”
4:00 p.m. Panel Discussion: Clay Jenkinson, James Holmberg, Landon Jones, John Logan Allen, Carol Lynn MacGregor, Amy Mossett
5:00 Q+A
5:15 Wrap for the day

7:00-8:30 p.m. Special Evening Performance by Clay Jenkinson as Meriwether Lewis