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A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT METHODS AT US EPA/NERL USING ALVEOLAR BREATH AS THE BIOLOGICAL MEDIUM |
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Historically, ambient air (and perhaps water, soil, food, etc.) measurements were used to estimate the potential for human exposure to environmental pollutants based on various d...
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A CASE STUDY DEMONSTRATING GUIDANCE FOR EVALUATING LANDFILL GAS EMISSIONS FROM CLOSED OR ABANDONED FACILITIES--SOUTH KINGSTOWN, RHODE ISLAND |
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The report describes a case study that applies EPA/600/R-05/123a, the guidance for conducting air pathway analyses of landfill gas emissions that are of interest to superfund remed...
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A FACILE ONE-POT SYNTHESIS OF β-KETO SULFONES FROM KETONES UNDER SOLVENT-FREE CONDITIONS |
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An easy solvent-free method is described for the conversion of ketones into β-keto sulfones in high yields that involves in situ generation of α-tosyloxyketones followed by ...
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A HYBRID MODELING APPROACH TO RESOLVE POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS IN AN URBAN AREA |
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A modeling tool that can resolve contributions from individual sources to the urban environment is critical for air-toxics exposure assessments. Air toxics are often chemically rea...
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A PROBABILISTIC MODELING FRAMEWORK FOR PREDICTING POPULATION EXPOSURES TO BENZENE |
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The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is modifying their probabilistic Stochastic Human Exposure Dose Simulation (SHEDS) model to assess aggregate exposures to air toxics....
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A RAPID METHOD FOR ESTIMATING LOG P FOR ORGANIC CHEMICALS |
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The logarithm of the retention time (log RT) of organic chemicals on a permanently bonded (C-18) reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography system is shown to be linearly re...
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A STUDY OF DISSOLUTION RATE-LIMITED BIOREMEDIATION OF SOILS CONTAMINATED BY RESIDUAL HYDROCARBONS. (R825549C039) |
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The widespread release of organic chemicals in the environment frequently leads to ground-water contamination with non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) because many of these organi...
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A SURVEY ON RESEARCH NEEDS ON PERSONAL SAMPLERS FOR TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS |
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A survey is presented on the research and development needs for personal monitoring devices for toxic organic compounds in the ambient atmosphere. This survey includes a descriptio...
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AGE RELATED CHANGE IN DISPOSITION AND METABOLISM OF BENZENE IN MALE C57B/6N MICE |
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Benzene disposition and metabolism were examined as a function of age in male C57BL/6N mice aged 3 and 18 months. ice received a single oral dose of either 10 or 200 mg/kg 14-C ben...
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AGE-DEPENDENT DIFFERENCES IN THE PHARMACOKINETICS OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS UTILIZING PHYSIOLOGICALLY-BASED PHARMACOKINETIC MODELING OF RAT. |
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The goal of this modeling will be to predict age-appropriate dosimetry applicable to toxicity studies involving different lifestages, which are potentially critical studies for hum...
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AIR CLEANERS FOR INDOOR AIR POLLUTION CONTROL (CHAPTER 10) |
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The chapter describes an experimental study to evaluate performance characteristics of currently available controls for indoor air pollutants, including both particles and gases. h...
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AIR QUALITY MONITORING IN ATLANTA WITH THE DIFFERENTIAL OPTICAL ABSORPTION SPECTROMETER |
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During July and August of 1990, a differential optical absorption spectrometer (DOAS) made by OPSIS Inc. was used to measure gaseous air pollutants over three separate open paths i...
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AIR TOXICS EMISSIONS FROM A VINYL SHOWER CURTAIN |
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The paper reports results of both static and dynamic chamber tests conducted to evaluate emission characteristics of air toxics from a vinyl shower Curtain. (NOTE: Due to the relat...
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ALPHA-DICARBONYL YIELDS FROM THE NOX-AIR PHOTOOXIDATIONS OF A SERIES OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN AIR |
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The yields of the ring cleavage products glyoxal, methylglyoxal and biacetyl from the reactions of OH radicals with benzene, toluene, o-, m- and p-xylene and 1,2,3-, 1,2,4- and 1,3...
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AMBIENT AIR MONITORING FOR BENZENE. 24-HOUR INTEGRATED SAMPLING IN SIX CITIES |
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This monitoring program was initiated to assess the population exposure to ambient levels of benzene in conjunction with the announcement of benzene as a hazardous material. The pr...
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AMBIENT AIR SAMPLING WITH PORTABLE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHS |
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A Photovac 10S50 portable photoionization gas chromatograph mounted in a small automobile was used to sample air for organic vapors in Richmond and Hopewell, Virginia and in Staten...
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AMBIENT AIR/SOURCE TRANSPORT AND TRANSFORMATION RELATIONSHIPS FOR SELECTED HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS |
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The study was undertaken with the goal of obtaining information that could improve modeling technique for hazardous organic vapors in the atmosphere. It was proposed that both sour...
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AMPHIBOLE MINERAL STUDY - TO COMPLEMENT THE ONGOING CHARACTERIZATION OF FINE PARTICULATE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS FOR BIOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTATION |
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This report details the work and results of a program concerned with the collection of amphibole mineral samples from the Reserve Mining taconite mine in Babbitt, Minnesota and the...
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AN EMPIRICAL MODEL OF BENZENE EXPOSURE BASED ON MULTIPLE BIOMARKERS. (R826249) |
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The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoi...
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ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION OF BENZENE UNDER ACIDOGENIC FERMENTATION CONDITION. (R825549C031) |
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The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoi...
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ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION OF NITROGEN-SUBSTITUTED AND SULFONATED BENZENE AQUIFER CONTAMINANTS |
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A literature survey of ground water contaminants indicated that aquifers are repositories for hazardous wastes, including N- and 5-substituted benzene derivatives. We therefore exa...
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ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF KEPONE (TRADEMARK) RESIDUES IN FISH, SHELLFISH, AND HI-VOL AIR FILTERS |
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The recent discovery of the pollution of the environment with Kepone has resulted in a tremendous interest in the development of residue methodology for the compound. Current multi...
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ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES FOR CHARACTERIZING UNREGULATED POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FROM MOTOR VEHICLES |
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Analytical procedures are described that may be used to assess motor vehicle emission rates of several unregulated pollutants including aldehydes, organic amines, sulfur dioxide, n...
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APPLICATION OF THE MICRO-FORWARD MUTATION ASSAY TO ASSESS MUTAGENICITY OF AIRBORNE PARTICULATES IN INDOOR |
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Validity test of the micro-forward mutation assay using Salmonella typhimurium strain TM677 was carried out using benzene-ethanol extracts from airborne particulates as test materi...
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APPLICATION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC REFERENCE MATERIALS TO AMBIENT AIR MONITORING MEASUREMENTS |
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The Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory (EMSL), U.S. EPA, is currently funding research programs to develop reference and audit standards to evaluate performance and data q...
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APPLIED GEOLOGIC, MICROBIOLOGICAL, AND ENGINEERING CONSTRAINTS OF IN-SITU BTEX BIOREMEDIATION |
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As an in-situ bioremediation project has been designed and constructed for a site in south-central Kansas just north of Wichita. A pipeline leaked an unknown quantity of refined fu...
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AQUABOX 50 AND MARABU PACKED BIOLOGICAL REACTOR SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION, STADTWERKE DUESSELDORF AG SITE, DUESSELDORF, GERMANY |
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This ITER summarizes the results of an evaluation of the AQUABOX 50 and MARABU Packed Biological Reactor technologies. The evaluation was conducted under a bilateral agreement bet...
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AROMATIC AND POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON FORMATION IN A LAMINAR PREMIXED N-BUTANE FLAME. (R825412) |
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AbstractExperimental and detailed chemical kinetic modeling work has been performed to investigate aromatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation pathways...
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ASSESSING EXPOSURES TO MOBILE SOURCE AIR TOXIC EMISSIONS FOR POPULATIONS LIVING NEAR ROADWAYS |
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A growing number of epidemiological studies have identified an increase in occurrence of adverse health effects for populations living near major roads. However, the biological me...
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ASSESSING POTENTIAL EXPOSURES FROM ROUTINE USE OF VOC-CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER |
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Three identical experiments were conducted in a single residence to assess potential exposures that may result from the routine household use of VOC-contaminated groundwater. Each ...
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ASSESSING THE INTERACTIONS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS DURING BIODEGRADATION OF COMPLEX WASTE MIXTURES BY NATURALLY OCCURRING BACTERIAL ASSEMBLAGES |
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Selected organic chemicals were tested to determine the minimum concentrations at which complete inhibition of microbial degradative processes occurred. omplete inhibition did not ...
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ASSESSING UST CORRECTIVE ACTION TECHNOLOGIES: LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT IN SITU AIR SPARGING AT THE DENISON AVENUE SITE - CLEVELAND, OH |
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In situ air sparging (IAS) has been proposed and installed at an increasing number of sites to address contamination in both the saturated and unsaturated zones. Because of the la...
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ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH EFFECTS OF BENZENE GERMANE TO LOW-LEVEL EXPOSURE |
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The report on the health effects of benzene assesses the teratogenicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and hematopoietic effects from benzene germane to low level exposure. Epidem...
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ASSESSMENT OF INTRINSIC BIOREMEDIATION OF A COAL-TAR AFFECTED AQUIFER USING TWO-DIMENSIONAL REACTIVE TRANSPORT AND BIOGEOCHEMICAL MASS BALANCE APPROACHES |
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Expedited site characterization and groundwater monitoring using direct-push technology and conventional monitoring wells were conducted at a former manufactured gas plant site. Bi...
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ASSESSMENT OF ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN EMISSIONS FROM REFUSE-DERIVED FUEL COMBUSTION |
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Organic contaminants in emissions from refuse-derived fuel combustion were investigated in a 20-inch-diameter atmospheric fluidized-bed combustor. Combinations of coal/EcoFuel/MSW/...
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ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL HEALTH RISKS OF GASOLINE OXYGENATED WITH METHYL TERTIARY BUTYL ETHER |
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This assessment of potential inhalation health risks associated with MTBE in gasoline drew upon the results of recent studies first reported at the "Conference on MTBE and Other Ox...
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ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL FOR TRANSPORT OF DIOXINS AND CODISPOSED MATERIALS TO GROUNDWATER |
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Dioxins are very toxic contaminants and warrant study under a variety of experimental conditions. Studies were performed to evaluate the mobility of several of the dioxins in both ...
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ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL FOR TRANSPORT OF DIOXINS AND CODISPOSED MATERIALS TO GROUNDWATER |
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Dioxins are very toxic contaminants and warrant study under a variety of experimental conditions. Studies were performed to evaluate the mobility of several of the dioxins in both ...
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ATMOSPHERIC BENZENE DEPLETION BY SOIL MICROORGANISMS |
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Gaseous benzene was rapidly depleted in exposure chambers containing viable soils and plants. When separate components of the system were analyzed, no benzene was detected in soils...
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ATMOSPHERIC PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDATION OF BENZENE: BENZENE + OH AND THE BENZENE - OH ADDUCT (HYDROXYL-2,4-CYCLOHEXADIENYL) + O2. (R824970) |
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The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoi...
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ATMOSPHERIC REACTION PRODUCTS FROM HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANT DEGRADATION |
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This research project was undertaken to investigate the products of selected hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) as they react in the atmosphere. Many hazardous or potentially hazardou...
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ATTENUATION OF METHYL TERT-BUTYL ETHER IN WATER USING SUNLIGHT AND A PHOTOCATALYST |
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The use of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) as a gasoline additive has resulted in increasing pollution of ground water. Most of the conventional treatment technologies are inefficie...
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ATTENUATION OF METHYL TERT-BUTYL ETHER IN WATER USING SUNLIGHT AND A PHOTOCATALYST: JOURNAL ARTICLE |
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NRMRL-CIN-1535 Sahle-Demessie*, E., Enriquez*, J., and Gupta, G. Attenuation of Methyl tert-Butyl Ether in Water using Sunlight and a Photocatalyst. Water Environment Research (Vi...
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AVOIDING HYDROLYSIS OF FUEL ETHER OXYGENATES DURING STATIC HEADSPACE ANALYSIS |
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A headspace autosampler, gas chromatograph and ion trap mass spectrometer (headspace GC/MS) were used for trace analysis of fuel oxygenates and related compounds and aromatics in w...
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Anaerobic Biodegradation of Ethylene Dibromide and 1,2-Dichloroethane in the Presence of Fuel Hydrocarbons |
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Field evidence from underground storage tank sites where leaded gasoline leaked indicates the lead scavengers 1,2- dibromoethane (ethylene dibromide, or EDB) and 1,2- dichloroethan...
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BACKGROUND HYDROCARBON VAPOR CONCENTRATION STUDY FOR UNDERGROUND FUEL STORAGE TANKS |
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The project was initiated to investigate the effectiveness of soil gas sampling in leak detection. oil gas surveys were performed at 27 active gasoline service stations in three di...
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BENCH SCALE FIXATION OF SOILS FROM THE TACOMA TAR PITS SUPRFUND SITE |
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This report documents the results of bench-scale soil fixation study conducted with materials from the Tacoma Tar Pits SuperfundSite. Chemical fixation (also called stabilization/s...
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BENZENE AND NAPHTHALENE SORPTION ON SOIL CONTAMINATED WITH HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT RESIDUAL HYDROCARBONS FROM UNLEADED GASOLINE |
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For complex nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs), the composition of the NAPL retained in the pore space of geologic material weathers until the residual NAPL no longer acts a liquid a...
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BENZENE CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING SYSTEMS FOR GASOLINE BULK STORAGE |
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The report summarizes a study of continuous emission monitors for measuring benzene emissions from gasoline bulk storage terminals. The work was performed for the Quality Assurance...
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BENZENE EXPOSURE, OCCUPATIONAL STRESS, AND REDUCED BIRTHWEIGHT. (R825818) |
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The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoi...
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BENZENE OXIDE PROTEIN ADDUCTS AS BIOMARKERS OF BENZENE EXPOSURE |
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Benzene is known to be hematotoxic and carcinogenic in animals and humans. While metabolism is required for toxicity, the identity of the ultimate carcinogen(s) remains unknown. ...
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BENZENE VAPOR DEPLETION IN THE PRESENCE OF PLANTS |
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Three plant species, Eichhornia crassipes in a nutrient hydroponic culture Beta vulgaris saccharifera, and Beta vulgaris cicla in soil and in water cultures, were found to deplete ...
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BINDING OF CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS AND MUTAGENS TO RAT HEMOGLOBIN |
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The alkylation of hemoglobin is a proposed dose monitor for chemical carcinogens and mutagens. The binding of fifteen chemical carcinogens and mutagens to rat hemoglobin was determ...
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BIODEGRADABILITY OF ALKYLATES AS A SOLE CARBON SOURCE IN THE PRESENCE OF ETHANOL OR BTEX |
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The biodegradability of alkylate compounds in serum bottles was investigated in the presence and absence of ethanol or benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and p-xylene (BTEX). T...
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BIODEGRADATION OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS BY AQUIFER MICROORGANISMS UNDER DENITRIFYING CONDITIONS |
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A series of laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate whether denitrification would be a suitable alternative for biorestoration of an aquifer contaminated with JP-4 jet fuel. Mi...
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BIODEGRADATION OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS BY AQUIFER MICROORGANISMS UNDER DENITRIFYING CONDITIONS |
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Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate whether denitrification would be a suitable alternative for biorestoration of an aquifer contaminated with JP-4 jet fuel. icrocosms were...
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BIODEGRADATION OF JET FUEL BY AQUATIC MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES |
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This paper describes laboratory experiments that studied the fate of jet fuel in several types of situations that could be encountered in the field. Benzene, toluene, and p-xylene ...
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BIODEGRADATION OF METHYL TERT-BUTYL ETHER AND BTEX AT VARYING HYDRAULIC RETENTION TIMES |
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The feasibility of biologically degrading methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) contaminated groundwater is dependent on the ability to degrade MTBE and its byproducts in the presence of ...
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BIODEGRADATION OF MONOAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS BY AQUIFER MICROORGANISMS USING OXYGEN, NITRATE, OR NITROUS OXIDE AS THE TERMINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTOR |
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Microcosms were prepared from aquifer material, spiked with monoaromatic hydrocarbons, and amended with oxygen, nitrate, and nitrous oxide. enzene and alkylbenzenes were degraded t...
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BIONETS (THREE STACKED HYDRAULIC FRACTURES) CONTAINING SOLID OXYGEN SOURCE (SOS), ISOLITE (FIRED DIATOMACIOUS EARTH) AND BACTERIAL STRAIN PM1 TO STIMULATE IN SITU BIOREMEDIATION OF MTBE AND BTEX IN SOILS AND GROUNDWATER |
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Collaboration with Office of Research and Development, Region 8, Foremost Solutions, University of California, and Native American Flathead Tribe lead to the development and demons...
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BIOREMEDIATION TREATABILITY TRIALS USING NUTRIENT APPLICATION TO ENHANCE CLEANUP OF OIL-CONTAMINATED SHORELINE |
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On March 24, 1989, the supertanker Exxon Valdez went aground in Prince William Sound, Alaska, releasing approximately 11 million gallons of Prudhoe Bay crude oil. he spilled oil sp...
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BIOTRANSFORMATION AND MINERALIZATION OF ALKYBEN- ZENES UNDER DENITRIFYING CONDITIONS |
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Batch microcosm tests were performed with nonacchmated and acclimated aquifer ma tenal from Traverse City (MI) to assess the extent of biodegradation of radiolabeled benzene, tolue...
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BIOTRANSFORMATION AND MINERALIZATION OF ALKYLBENZENES UNDER DENITRIFYING CONDITIONS |
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Batch microcosm tests were performed with nonacclimated and acclimated aquifer material from Traverse City (MI) to assess the extent of biodegradation of radiolabeled benzene, tolu...
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BIOTRANSFORMATION OF GASOLINE-CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER UNDER MIXED ELECTRON-ACCEPTOR CONDITIONS |
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This project represents a cooperative effort between the University of Waterloo and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This report summarizes research conducted using both ...
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BIOTRANSFORMATION OF GASOLINE-CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER UNDER MIXED ELECTRON-ACCEPTOR CONDITIONS (EPA/600/SR-99/012) |
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This project represents a cooperative effort between the University of Waterloo and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This report summarizes research conducted using both l...
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BIOTRANSFORMATIONS OF SELECTED ALKYLBENZENES AND HALOGENATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS IN METHANOGENIC AQUIFER MATERIAL: A MICROCOSM STUDY |
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Leachates from municipal landfills commonly contain a variety of organic contaminants of industrial origin. The behavior of these compounds in anaerobic, and particularly in methan...
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BREATH MEASUREMENT OF TOTAL BODY BURDEN OF JP-8 JET FUEL FOR EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY |
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A complex epidemiological investigation of the effects of acute exposure to JP-8 jet fuel in the U.S. Air Force was performed through the study of about 350 human subjects across...
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BTEX AND MTBE BIOREMEDIATION: BIONETS™ CONTAINING SOS, PM1 AND ISOLITE® |
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MTBE and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) are major problems of many sites in the United States. The objective of this study was to determine if biologically acti...
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CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS OF BENZENE: AN UPDATE (EXTERNAL REVIEW DRAFT) |
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In 1992, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Office of Mobile Sources (OMS) requested the National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA) to provide an updated c...
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CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS OF BENZENE: AN UPDATE (FINAL) |
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The major issue addressed in this document involves the nature and magnitude of the risk of cancer to humans exposed to low levels of benzene. Occupational studies continue to prov...
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CARPET AS A FUEL IN CEMENT KILNS |
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The use of carpet in cement kilns is a potential mechanism to build infrastructure for carpet recycling at a large scale. The objectives of this presentation is to describe trials...
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CAV-OX CAVITATION OXIDIATION PROCESS - MAGNUM WATER TECHNOLOGY, INC. - APPLICATIONS ANALYSIS REPORT |
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This report evaluates the ability of the CAV-OX cavitation oxidation process to remove volatile organic compounds (VOC) present in aqueous wastes. This report also presents economi...
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CHARACTERIZATION OF AIR EMISSIONS FROM THE SIMULATED OPEN COMBUSTION OF FIBERGLASS MATERIALS |
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The report identifies and quantifies a broad range of pollutants that are discharged during small-scale, simulated, open combustion of fiberglass, and reports these emissions relat...
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CHARACTERIZATION OF EMISSIONS FROM MALFUNCTIONING VEHICLES FUELED WITH OXYGENATED GASOLINE-ETHANOL (E-10) FUEL - PART III |
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Five vehicles (a 1987 Ford Taurus, a 1996 Chrysler Concord, a 2001 Ford Focus, a 1993 Buick Regal, and a 2001 Dodge Intrepid) were tested using three different fuels: (1) winter g...
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CHARACTERIZATION OF EMISSIONS FROM MALFUNCTIONING VEHICLES FUELED WITH OXYGENATED GASOLINE-ETHANOL (E-10) FUEL-PART II |
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A 1993 Ford Taurus and a 1995 Chevrolet Achieva were tested using three different fuels: (1) a winter grade (E-10) fuel containing 10% (vol.) 200 proof ethanol, (2) a winter grad...
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CHARACTERIZATION OF EMISSIONS FROM MOTOR VEHICLES DESIGNED FOR LOW N0X EMISSIONS |
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Tailpipe emissions were characterized for four advanced low NOx catalyst equipped passenger cars under a variety of cyclic driving conditions. All of the vehicles had three-way cat...
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CHARACTERIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE |
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Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been analyzed with respect to several components following smoking of research cigarettes in an experimental chamber. arameters analyzed and t...
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CHARACTERIZATION OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS FROM A SECONDARY LEAD AND BATTERY MANUFACTURING FACILITY |
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A plant site at which secondary lead is produced from old batteries was sampled utilizing the U.S. EPA protocol for the priority pollutants. The waste treatment plant at this site ...
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CHEMICAL AND RADIATION LEUKEMOGENESIS IN HUMANS AND RODENTS AND THE VALUE OF RODENT MODELS FOR ASSESSING RISKS OF LYMPHOHEMATOPOIETIC CANCERS |
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This report is intended to provide an up-to-date overview of the lymphoid and hematopoietic diseases induced in humans and rodents following exposure to chemical agents. It include...
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CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A CHELATOR-TREATED SOIL HUMATE BY SOLUTION-STATE MULTINUCLEAR TWO-DIMENSIONAL NMR WITH FTIR AND PYROLYSIS-GCMS. (R825960) |
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A California forest soil used for contaminant bioavailability
studies was extracted for humic substances (HS) and
then treated with 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzene disulfonate |
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CHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION MODULES FOR EULERIAN ACID DEPOSITION MODELS. VOLUME 1. THE GAS-PHASE CHEMISTRY |
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This study focuses on the review and evaluation of mechanistic and kinetic data for the gas-phase reactions that lead to the production of acidic substances in the environment. A m...
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CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PHTHALATE CATABOLISM REGION OF PRE1 OF ARTHROBACTER KEYSERI 12B |
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o-Phthalate (benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate) is a central intermediate in the bacterial degradation of phthalate ester plasticizers as well as of a number of fused-ring polycyclic aroma...
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CO-DEPENDENCIES OF REACTIVE AIR TOXIC AND CRITERIA POLLUTANTS ON EMISSION REDUCTIONS |
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It is important to understand the effect of emission controls on the concentrations of ozone, PM2.5, and hazardous air pollutants simultaneously, in order to evaluate th...
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CO-OCCURRENCE OF METHYL- TERT-BUTYL ETHER (MTBE) AND BTEX COMPOUNDS AT MARINAS IN A LARGE RESEVOIR |
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Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is released into the environment as one of some gasoline components, not as a pure compound. BTEX compounds (benzene, tolune, ethylbenzene, and xyl...
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COAL GASIFIER PARAMETERS INFLUENCING ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANT PRODUCTION |
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A series of fixed-bed coal gasification and pyrolysis tests have been performed in a laboratory-scale reactor of 6.6 cm inside diameter. Chemical analyses were conducted on the pro...
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COBALT-59 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDIES OF CHLORO-, BROMO, AND IODO-SUBSTITUTED TRIS(ACETYLACETONATO) COBALT(III) COMPLEXES |
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The cobalt-59 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and longitudinal relaxation times have been studied for tria(acetylacetonato)cobalt(lll) complexes with chloride, bromide, and iodi...
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COLUMN STUDIES ON BTEX BIODEGRADATION UNDER MICROAEROPHILIC AND DENITRIFYING CONDITIONS |
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Two column tests were conducted using aquifer material to simulate the nitrate field demonstration project carried out earlier at Traverse City, Michigan. The objectives were to be...
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COLUMN STUDIES ON BTEX BIODEGRADATION UNDER MICROAEROPHILIC AND DENITRIFYING CONDITIONS |
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Two column tests were conducted using aquifer material to simulate the nitrate field demonstration project carried out earlier at Traverse City, Michigan. The objectives were to be...
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COMBUSTION RESEARCH ON CHARACTERIZATION OF PARTICULATE ORGANIC MATTER FROM FLAMES |
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The report gives results of a study of the formation and emission of soot and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from both laminar flames and a turbulent continuous-flow combus...
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COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF MTBE SITES ON LONG ISLAND |
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The aquifers of Long Island serve as the sole-source drinking water supply for approximately 3 million people. About 20 percent of this population obtains drinking water directly f...
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COMPARISON OF 0600 - 0900 AM HYDROCARBON COMPOSITIONS OBTAINED FROM 29 CITIES |
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The report describes and compares 0600 - 0900 AM nonmethane organic carbon (NM0C) compound data from 29 cities collected during summer periods of 1984 and 1985. onsiderable differe...
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COMPARISON OF 24H AVERAGE VOC MONITORING RESULTS FOR RESIDENTIAL INDOOR AND OUTDOOR AIR USING CARBOPACK X-FILLED DIFFUSIVE SAMPLERS AND ACTIVE SAMPLING - A PILOT STUDY |
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Analytical results obtained by thermal desorption GC/MS for 24h diffusive sampling of 11 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are compared with results of time-averaged active samplin...
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COMPARISON OF AMBIENT AIR SAMPLING TECHNIQUES FOR VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS |
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A series of fourteen experimental sampling runs were carried out at a field site to collect data from several ambient air monitoring methods for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). ...
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COMPARISON OF BIOVENTING AND AIR SPARGING FOR IN SITU BIOREMEDIATION OF FUELS |
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Bioremediation pilot-scale subsurface venting and sparging systems were operated at a low aeration rate at an aviation gasoline spill site. ioventing removed 99 percent of vadose z...
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COMPARISON OF FIELD AEROBIC BIODEGRADATION RATES TO LABORATORY |
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It is common to use bioventing as a polishing step for soil vapor extraction. It was originally planned to use soil vapor extraction and bioventing at a former landfill site in Del...
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COMPARISON OF FIELD AEROBIC BIODEGRADATION RATES TO LABORATORY |
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It is common to use bioventing as a polishing step for soil vapor extraction. It was originally planned to use soil vapor extraction and bioventing at a former landfill site in Del...
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COMPARISON OF THE EXTENT OF TREATMENT OF MTBE AND BENZENE BY ACTIVE REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY AT UST SITES IN KANSAS |
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Data were collected from 63 sites in Kansas where technology for active cleanup of gasoline contamination had been implemented; SVE and AS was used at 39 sites, SVE alone at 11 sit...
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COMPATIBILITY OF ORGANIC SOLVENTS WITH THE MICROSCREEN PROPHAGE-INDUCTION ASSAY: SOLVENT-MUTAGEN INTERACTIONS |
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The following solvents did not induce prophage lambda in the Escherichia coli WP2 s (Microscreen assay: cetone, benzene, chloroform, ethanol, n-hexane, isopropanol methanol, toluen...
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COMPLETE MINERALIZATION OF BENZENE BY AQUIFER MICROORGANISMS UNDER STRICTLY ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS. (R825689C045) |
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The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoi...
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COMPONENT LOSS DURING EVAPORATION-RECONSTITUTION OF ORGANIC ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES FOR GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS |
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Standard and sample solutions stored in borosilicate sample vials were allowed to evaporate to dryness at room temperature. The solutions were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ...
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COMPOSITION OF AUTOMOBILE EVAPORATIVE AND TAILPIPE HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS |
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Mathematical modeling of ambient air photochemistry requires comprehensive mobile source hydrocarbon emissions speciation. Passenger car tailpipe and evaporative hydrocarbon emissi...
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COMPOSITION OF MOTOR VEHICLE ORGANIC EMISSIONS UNDER ELEVATED TEMPERATURE SUMMER DRIVING CONDITIONS (75 TO 105 DEGREES F) |
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Emissions from seven late-model popular V-6 and V-8 motor vehicles were characterized at three test temperatures. ix port fuel injected (PFI) and a single carbureted vehicle were t...
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CONCENTRATIONS OF TOXIC AIR POLLUTANTS IN THE U.S. SIMULATED BY AN AIR QUALITY MODEL |
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As part of the US National Air Toxics Assessment, we have applied the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model, CMAQ, to study the concentrations of twenty gas-phase, toxic, hazardou...
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CONSTITUTIVE DEGRADATION OF TRICHLOROETHYLENE BY AN ALTERED BACTERIUM IN A GAS-PHASE BIOREACTOR |
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Pseudomonas cepacia G4 expresses a unique toluene ortho-monooxygenase (Tom) that enables it to degrade toluene and trichloroethylene (TCE). ransposon mutants of G4 have been isolat...
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CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION OF A NEW PASSIVE DIFFUSION SAMPLER CAPABLE OF MONITORING BENZENE IN EITHER SOIL GAS OR GROUND WATER |
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Conventional practice to estimate intrusion of fuel vapors from ground water to buildings measures the concentration of BTEX in ground water beneath the building using a convention...
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CONTAMINATION OF PUBLIC GROUND WATER SUPPLIES BY SUPERFUNDSITES |
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Multiple sources of contamination can affect ground water supplies, including municipal landfills, industrial operations, leaking underground storage tanks, septic tank systems, an...
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CONTROL OF AROMATIC WASTE AIR STREAMS BY SOIL BIOREACTORS |
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Contamination of groundwater resources is a serious environmental problem which is continuing to increase in occurrence in the United States. It has been reported that leaking unde...
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CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES FOR FUGITIVE VOC EMISSIONS FROM CHEMICAL PROCESSES |
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This handbook contains information concerning volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from the synthetic organic chemicals manufacturing industry (SOCMI), petroleum refineries, o...
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CONTROLLED FIELD STUDY ON THE USE OF NITRATE AND OXYGEN FOR BIOREMEDIATION OF A GASOLINE SOURCE ZONE |
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Controlled releases of unleaded gasoline were used to evaluate the biotransformation of the soluble aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene isomers, trimethy...
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COST EFFECTIVENESS MODEL FOR POLLUTION CONTROL AT COKING FACILITIES |
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The report describes a computer model, developed for coking facilities, that allows the user to determine the optimum mix of pollution control devices to achieve a specified reduct...
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COSTS AND ISSUES RELATED TO REMEDIATION OF PETROLEUM-CONTAMINATED SITES |
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The remediation costs required at sites contaminated with petroleum-derived compounds remains a relevant issue because of the large number of existing underground storage tanks the...
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COSTS AND ISSUES RELATED TO REMEDIATION OF PETROLEUM-CONTAMINATED SITES (NEW ORLEANS, LA) |
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The remediation costs required at sites contaminated with petroleum-derived compounds remains a relevant issue because of the large number of existing underground storage tanks the...
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CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF PCDD/F INDICATORS |
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Emission samples from a simulated hazardous waste-fired North American Package Boiler (NAPB) and a refuse-derived fuel incineration facility (RDFF) were analyzed separately and com...
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CYTOCHROME P450 ISOZYMES INVOLVED IN THE METABOLISM OF PHENOL, A BENZENE METABOLITE. (R826191) |
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The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoi...
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CYTOCHROMES P450 INVOLVED WITH BENZENE METABOLISM IN HEPATIC AND PULMONARY MICROSOMES. (R826191) |
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The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoi...
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DEMONSTRATION OF A BIOAVAILABLE FERRIC IRON TEST KIT |
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Bioavailable ferric iron (BAFeIII) is used by iron-reducing bacteria as an electron acceptor during the oxidation of various organic contaminants such as vinyl chloride and benzene...
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DESIGNING ENVIRONMENTAL, ECONOMIC AND ENERGY EFFICIENT CHEMICAL PROCESSES |
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The design and improvement of chemical processes can be very challenging. The earlier energy conservation, process economics and environmental aspects are incorporated into the pr...
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DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF TOXIC AIR POLLUTANTS USING AIRBORNE LWIR HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING |
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Airborne longwave infrared LWIR) hyperspectral imagery was utilized to detect and identify gaseous chemical release plumes at sites in sourthern Texzas. The Airborne Hysperspectra...
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DETECTION OF A GROUND-WATER/SURFACE-WATER INTERFACE WITH DIRECT-PUSH EQUIPMENT |
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A ground-water/surface-water interface (GSI) was documented at the Thermo Chem CERCLA Site in Muskegon, MI via direct-push (DP) sampling. At that time, contaminated ground water f...
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DETERMINATION OF BIODEGRADABILITY KINETICS OF RCRA COMPOUNDS USINGRESPIROMETRY FOR STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS |
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Electrolytic respirometry is attaining prominence in biodegradationstudies and is becoming one of the more suitable experimentalmethods for measuring the biodegradability and the k...
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DETERMINATION OF DISSOLVED KEPONE BY DIRECT ADDITION OF XAD-2 RESIN TO WATER |
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Analytical procedures are described for the determination of Kepone in water, using benzene, toulene-ethyl acetate, or ethyl ether-hexane as solvents. The procedure is presently be...
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DETERMINATION OF INORGANIC AND ORGANOTIN COMPOUNDS IN SEA WATER BY GRAPHITE FURNACE ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY (JOURNAL VERSION) |
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Inorganic tin and organotin compounds in artificial sea water were determined at sub-p.p.b. levels. These compounds are separated from matrix elements in aqueous solutions by benze...
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DETERMINATION OF TCDD IN INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL WASTEWATERS |
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This program was undertaken in an effort to develop an analytical method for the determination of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in industrial and municipal wastewaters...
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DETERMINATION OF VOLATILE ORGANICS IN INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL WASTEWATERS |
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This report describes the systematic evaluation of a series of parameters leading to the development of a test procedure for 36 volatile priority pollutants in wastewaters. A study...
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DEVELOPMENT AND ANALYSIS OF AIR QUALITY MODELING SIMULATIONS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS |
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The concentrations of five hazardous air pollutants were simulated using the Community Multi Scale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system. Annual simulations were performed over the c...
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DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF A WHOLE-AIR SAMPLER FOR MEASUREMENT OF PERSONAL EXPOSURE TO VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS |
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A small and relatively lightweight (3.35 kg) whole-air (canister) sampler that can be worn to monitor personal exposures to volatile organic compounds was developed and evaluated. ...
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DEVELOPMENT OF A CLASS-SELECTIVE ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY FOR URINARY PHENOLIC GLUCURONIDES. (R825433) |
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Class-selective immunoassays for the measurement of glucuronides in human urine can aid evaluation of human exposure to complex mixtures of xenobiotics. Therefore, an enzyme imm...
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DEVELOPMENT OF A CONTINOUS MONITOR FOR DETECTION OF TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS |
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The goal of the present program was the design, construction, and delivery to EMSL/RTP of a small continuous monitor for benzene and other organic compounds based upon Tunable Atom...
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DEVELOPMENT OF A PORTABLE MONITOR FOR DETECTION OF TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS |
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A dual beam prototype instrument was designed, constructed, tested, and delivered to the Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, in Dec...
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DEVELOPMENT OF A SUB-SLAB AIR SAMPLING PROTOCOL TO SUPPORT ASSESSMENT OF VAPOR INTRUSION |
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The primary purpose of this research effort is to develop a methodology for sub-slab sampling to support the EPA guidance and vapor intrusion investigations after vapor intrusion h...
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DEVELOPMENT OF A TUNABLE ZEEMAN SPECTROMETER FOR ANALYSIS OF TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS |
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This program was undertaken to investigate the application of a new high resolution ultraviolet-visible absorption technique called tunable atomic line molecular spectroscopy (TALM...
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DEVELOPMENT OF AN EPA METHOD FOR PERFLUOROCALKYL COMPOUNDS IN DRINKING WATER |
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Perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) have been manufactured for over 50 years and their use has dramatically increased over the years. Due to their unique properties of repelling both ...
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DEVELOPMENT OF AN OPTICAL MONITOR FOR TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN AIR |
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The objectives of the study were: (a) to design, construct, and deliver a prototype atomic line molecular spectrometer (ALMS) benzene monitor and (b) to locate matches of atomic li...
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DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR ANALYSIS OF BIOMARKERS OF BENZENE EXPOSURE USING GC/MS AND MALDI. (R826249) |
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The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoi...
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DIFFUSION KINETICS OF VOCS ACROSS DIFFERENT MEMBRANES FOR UST SITE SAMPLING |
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The primary objective of this project was to evaluate different membrane materials (Supor® and Versapor®) for use in passive diffusion samplers (PDS) within monitoring wells. Labor...
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DIOXIN EXPOSURE INITIATIVE PUBLICATIONS |
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Following is a listing of published articles that have come out of EPA's |
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DISTRIBUTION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC HYDROCARBONS AND ALDEHYDES DURING THE IACP (INTEGRATED AIR CANCER PROJECT) BOISE, IDAHO RESIDENTIAL STUDY |
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The U.S. EPA's Integrated Air Cancer Project (IACP) conducted a field study in Boise, Idaho during November 1986 - February 1987. As part of the study, samples were collected in te...
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DOAS URBAN POLLUTION MEASUREMENTS |
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During July and August of 1990, a differential optical absorption spectrometer (DOAS) made by OPSIS Inc. was used to measure gaseous air pollutants over three separate open paths i...
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EFFECT OF BTEX ON THE DEGRADATION OF MTBE AND TBA BY MIXED BACTERIAL CONSORTIUM |
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Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) contamination in groundwater often coexists with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) near the source of the plume. Tertiary buty...
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EFFECT OF CONTAMINANT AND ORGANIC MATTER BIOAVAILABILITY ON THE MICROBIAL DEHALOGENATION OF SEDIMENT-BOUND CHLOROBENZENES. (R825513C007) |
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The extent of reductive dechlorination occurring in contaminated, estuarine sediments was investigated. Contaminant and organic matter bioavailability and their effect on the re...
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EFFECT OF ETHANOL ON NATURAL ATTENUATION OF BENZENE AT UST SITES |
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The use of ethanol as a fuel oxygenate has caused concern regarding the risk it poses as a groundwater contaminant. The natural bioattenuation of automobile fuels, including benze...
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EFFECT OF ETHANOL ON THE NATURAL ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION OF BENZENE |
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Ethanol is commonly used as a fuel oxygenate. A concern has been raised that the presence of ethanol from a spill of gasoline may inhibit the natural biodegradation of fuel hydroc...
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EFFECT OF ETHANOL ON THE NATURAL FERMENTATION OF BENZENE IN GROUNDWATER |
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Ethanol is commonly used as a fuel oxygenate in California and in the mid continent area around the Great Lakes. The presence of ethanol in a gasoline spill has raised concerns ab...
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EFFECT OF NITRATE ADDITION ON BIORESTORATION OF FUEL-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER: FIELD DEMONSTRATION |
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A spill of JP-4 jet fuel at the U.S. Coast Guard Air Station in Traverse City, Michigan, contaminated a water-table aquifer. An infiltration gallery (30 ft × 30 ft) was installed a...
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EFFECT OF NITRATE ADDITION ON BIORESTORATION OF FUEL-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER: FIELD DEMONSTRATION |
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A spill of JP-4 jet fuel at the U.S. Coast Guard Air Station in Traverse City, Michigan, contaminated a water-table aquifer. n infiltration gallery (30 ft X 30 ft) was installed ab...
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EFFECTIVENESS OF ACTIVATED CARBON FOR REMOVAL OF TOXIC AND/OR CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS FROM WATER SUPPLIES |
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This research addressed quantification of the performance of fixed-bed granular activated carbon processes for treatment of public water supplies. It included evaluation of the ads...
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EFFECTS OF EQUIVALENCE RATIO ON SPECIES AND SOOT CONCENTRATIONS IN PREMIXED N-HEPTANE FLAMES. (R828193) |
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The micro-structure of laminar premixed, atmospheric-pressure, fuel-rich flames of n-heptane/oxygen/argon has been studied at two equivalence ratios (C/O = 0.63 and C/O = 0.67)....
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EFFECTS OF INHALATION OF ORGANIC CHEMICAL AIR CONTAMINANTS ON MURINE LUNG HOST DEFENSES |
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The potential health hazards of exposure to threshold limit value (TLV) concentrations of acetaldehyde, acrolein, propylene oxide, chloroform, methyl chloroform, carbon tetrachlori...
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EFFECTS OF LEAD ON BENZENE METABOLISM |
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The possibility that Pb could affect benzene metabolism through inhibition of enzyme synthesis, was examined by studies of the effects of chronic oral Pb treatments on benzene conv...
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EFFECTS OF NATURAL ORGANIC MATTER, ANTHROPOGENIC SURFACTANTS, AND MODEL QUINONES ON THE REDUCTION OF CONTAMINANTS BY ZERO-VALENT IRON. (R827117) |
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Recent studies of contaminant reduction by zero-valent iron metal (Fe0) have highlighted the role of iron oxides at the metal–water interface and the effect th...
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EFFECTS OF SUSPENDED CLAY ON BIOCONCENTRATION OF KELTHANE (TRADE NAME) IN FATHEAD MINNOWS |
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The experiment was designed to determine the effect of suspended clay sediments on the bioconcentration of the chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide Kelthane (dicofol, 4-chloro-a-(4-ch...
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ELECTRON TRANSFER CATALYZED [2+2] CYCLOREVERSION OF BENZENE DIMERS. (R826113) |
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The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoi...
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ELEMENTARY REACTION MECHANISM FOR BENZENE OXIDATION IN SUPERCRITICAL WATER. (R824970) |
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The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoi...
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EMERGING TECHNOLOGY BULLETIN: ELECTRON BEAM TREATMENT FOR THE REMOVAL OF BENZENE AND TOULENE FROM AQUEOUS STREAMS AND SLUDGES |
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The electron accelerator utilized in this treatment process has a potential of 1.5 MeV, rated from 0 to 50 mA, providing radiation doses of 0-850 krad (0-8.5 kGy). The horizontal e...
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EMERGING TECHNOLOGY REPORT: DESTRUCTION OF ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN AIR USING ADVANCED ULTRAVIOLET FLASHLAMPS |
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This paper describes a new process for photo-oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air using an advanced ultraviolet source, a Purus xenon flashlamp. The flashlamps hav...
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EMISSION OF METALS AND ORGANICS FROM MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER SLUDGE INCINERATORS - VOLUME I: SUMMARY REPORT |
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Emissions of metals and organics from a series of four wastewater sludge incinerators were determined. hree multiple hearth units and one fluidized bed combustor were tested. missi...
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EMISSION OF METALS AND ORGANICS FROM MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER SLUDGE INCINERATORS - VOLUME II: SITE 1 FINAL EMISSION TEST REPORT |
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The Site 1 plant treats 36MGD of wastewater and the blended primary/secondary sludge is dewatered to approximately 16 to 2O percent solids. ludge is incinerated by a six-hearth uni...
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EMISSION OF METALS AND ORGANICS FROM MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER SLUDGE INCINERATORS - VOLUME III: SITE 2 FINAL EMISSION TEST REPORT |
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The Site 2 plant treats 38 MGD of municipal and to a lesser degree industrial wastewater. he blended primary/secondary sludge (-65-86% primary) is dewatered using centrifugation to...
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EMISSION OF METALS AND ORGANICS FROM MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER SLUDGE INCINERATORS - VOLUME V: SITE 3 FINAL EMISSION TEST REPORT |
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The Site 3 plant treats 2.5 MGD (designed for 7.5 MAD) of municipal wastewater. he blended primary/secondary sludge is dewatered using 2 belt filter presses to about 22 to 24 perce...
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EMISSION OF METALS AND ORGANICS FROM MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER SLUDGE INCINERATORS - VOLUME VI: SITE 4 FINAL EMISSION TEST REPORT |
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The Site 4 plant treats 11 to 12 MGD of wastewater from domestic (80% of influent) and industrial (20% of influent) sources. he treated primary/secondary sludge is dewatered using ...
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EMISSION TESTING AND EVALUATION OF FORD/KOPPERS COKE PUSHING CONTROL SYSTEM. VOLUME I. FINAL REPORT |
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The report documents a field testing and engineering evaluation of the performance of a retrofitted, mobile-hood, high-energy-scrubber control system, abating coke-side pushing emi...
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EMISSION TESTING AND EVALUATION OF FORD/KOPPERS COKE PUSHING CONTROL SYSTEM. VOLUME II. APPENDICES |
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The report documents a field testing and engineering evaluation of the performance of a retrofitted, mobile-hood, high-energy-scrubber control system, abating coke-side pushing emi...
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EMISSIONS FROM TWO OUTBOARD ENGINES OPERATING ON REFORMULATED GASOLINE CONTAINING MTBE |
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Air and water pollutant emissions were measured from two 9.9 HP outboard engines: a two-stroke Evinrude and its four-stroke Honda counterpart. In addition to the measurement of ...
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EMISSIONS OF AIR TOXICS FROM A SIMULATED CHARCOAL KILN |
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The report gives results of experiments in a laboratory-scale charcoal kiln simulator to evaluate emissions of hazardous air pollutants from the production of charcoal in Missouri-...
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ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT: SOURCE TEST AND EVALUATION REPORT - LURGI (KOSOVO) MEDIUM-BTU GASIFICATION, PHASE 1 |
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The report summarizes an ongoing test program involving a commercial medium-Btu Lurgi coal gasification plant in the Kosovo region of Yugoslavia. The environmental data acquisition...
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ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY OF CHROMIUM |
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Chromium is of great environmental concern because hexavalent chromium is a potent carcinogen. he health effects resulting from chromium exposure have received as much attention as...
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO BENZENE: AN UPDATE |
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NO ABSTRACT PROVIDED...
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ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING TOLUENE DEGRADATION IN GROUND WATER AT A HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE |
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The microbial ecology of pristine and contaminated ground water at a chemical waste disposal site was investigated. ecently, it was determined that ground water downslope from the ...
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY RESEARCH IN HAZARDOUS WASTE VOLUME REDUCTION |
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A phosphate precipitation process has been shown to be effective in selectively removing metals from metal finishing sludge materials. Research also indicates that sodium smectite ...
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ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION REPORT: CONSTELLATION TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION - CT-1128 PORTABLE GAS CHROMATOGRAPH-MASS SPECTROMETER |
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The Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Program, beginning as an initiative of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1995, verifies the performance of commercia...
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EPA (ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY) METHOD STUDY 25, METHOD 602, PURGEABLE AROMATICS |
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The experimental design and the results of an interlaboratory study for an analytical method to detect purgeable aromatics in water are described herein. The method, EPA Method 602...
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EQUILIBRIUM STRUCTURE OF DODECYLBENZYL SULFONATE MICELLES IN DODECANE/WATER AND BENZENE/WATER SYSTEMS. (R827132) |
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The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoi...
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ETHANOL: ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND RESEARCH (ROCKY GAP, MD) |
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Based on mathematical modeling, ethanol present in gasoline when gasoline is spilled to ground water is expected to cause the plume of benzene and other BTEX compounds to be longer...
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ETHANOL: ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND RESEARCH (ROCKY GAP, MD*) |
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Based on mathematical modeling, ethanol present in gasoline when gasoline is spilled to ground water is expected to cause the plume of benzene and other BTEX compounds to be longer...
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ETV REPORT: REMOVAL OF CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN DRINKING WATER — ECOWATER SYSTEMS, INC. ERO-R450E WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM |
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The EcoWater Systems ERO-R450E POU drinking water treatment system was tested for removal of aldicarb, benzene, cadmium, carbofuran, cesium, chloroform, dichlorvos, dicrotophos, fe...
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ETV REPORT: REMOVAL OF CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN DRINKING WATER — PALL/KINETICO PUREFECTA DRINKING WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM |
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The Pall/Kinetico Purefecta™ POU drinking water treatment system was tested for removal of aldicarb, benzene, cadmium, carbofuran, cesium, chloroform, dichlorvos, dicrotophos,...
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ETV REPORT: REMOVAL OF CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN DRINKING WATER – WATTS PREMIER INC. WP-4V DRINKING WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM |
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The Watts Premier WP-4V POU drinking water treatment system was tested for removal of aldicarb, benzene, cadmium, carbofuran, cesium, chloroform, dichlorvos, dicrotophos, fenamipho...
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EVALUATING NATURAL BIODEGRADATION OF MTBE AT MULTIPLE UST SITES |
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Until very recently, methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) was considered non-biodegradable in the subsurface. This has been an impediment in applying remediation by natural attenuation (R...
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EVALUATING THE ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLINESS, ECONOMICS, AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES: HEAT INTEGRATION |
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The design and improvement of chemical processes can be very challenging. The earlier energy conservation, process economics and environmental aspects are incorporated into the pro...
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EVALUATING THE GREENNESS OF GREEN CHEMISTRY VIA TRADITIONAL AND THERMODYNAMIC LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT |
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Developments in Green Chemistry are expected to result in novel approaches that are more environmentally benign than traditional methods. Much of the research in green chemistry f...
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EVALUATION OF A PASSIVE MONITOR FOR VOLATILE ORGANICS |
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A laboratory investigation was conducted to determine the potential utility of a commercially available passive dosimeter for monitoring toxic volatile organic compounds at ambient...
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EVALUATION OF A SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS AND DIBENZOFURANS IN AMBIENT AIR |
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General Metals Works PS-1 PUF air samplers and an analytical method based on high esolution gas chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC-HRMS) were valuated for det...
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EVALUATION OF CONTINUOUS PERFORMANCE MONITORING TECHNIQUES FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE INCINERATORS |
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The article discusses monitoring the waste destruction efficiency of hazardous waste incinerators, to ensure that incinerators do not release, without detection, significant quanti...
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EVALUATION OF EMISSION FROM PAVING ASPHALTS |
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The report provides data from pilot-scale measurements of the emissions of specific air pollutants from paving asphalt both with and without recycled crumb rubber additives. he met...
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EVALUATION OF EMISSIONS FROM PAVING ASPHALTS |
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The report provides data from pilot-scale measurements of the emissions of specific air pollutants from paving asphalt both with and without recycled crumb rubber additives. The me...
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EVALUATION OF FOAMS FOR MITIGATING AIR POLLUTION FROM HAZARDOUS SPILLS |
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This program has been conducted to evaluate commercially available water base foams for mitigating the vapors from hazardous chemical spills. Foam systems were evaluated in the lab...
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EVALUATION OF INHALATION HAZARD OF ORGANIC CHEMICAL AIR CONTAMINANTS |
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The potential health hazards of exposure to threshold limit value (TLV) concentrations of acetaldehyde, acrolein, propylene oxide, chloroform, methyl chloroform, carbon tetrachlori...
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EVALUATION OF METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINATION OF POLYHALOGENATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS AND DIBENZOFURANS IN AMBIENT AIR |
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General Metals works PS-1 PUF air samplers and an analytical method based on high resolution gas chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC-HRMS) were evaluated for d...
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EVALUATION OF PARTS-PER-BILLION (PPB) ORGANIC CYLINDER GASES FOR USE AS AUDITS DURING HAZARDOUS WASTE TRIAL BURN TESTS |
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A repository of 14 gaseous organic compounds at parts-per-billion levels (7-430 ppb) in compressed gas cylinders has been established by the Environmental Protection Agency. This r...
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EVALUATION OF PHOTOVAC 10S50 PORTABLE PHOTOIONIZATION GAS CHROMATOGRAPH FOR ANALYSIS OF TOXIC ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN AMBIENT AIR |
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The objective of the study was to evaluate the Photovac 10S50 portable photoionization gas chromatograph as a monitor for fourteen selected toxic organic vapors in ambient air. The...
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EVALUATION OF RELATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS FROM A COAL GASIFIER |
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The report gives results of an evaluation of relative environmental hazards from a laboratory-scale coal gasifier. Detailed chemical analyses of four effluent streams (gas, aqueous...
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EVALUATION OF THE POTENTIAL CARCINOGENICITY OF BENZENE |
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Benzene is a human carcinogen, classified as weight-of-evidence Group A under the EPA Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment. vidence on potential carcinogenicity from animal st...
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EVALUATION OF VOLATILIZATION OF HAZARDOUS CONSTITUENTS AT HAZARDOUS WASTE LAND TREATMENT SITES |
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Laboratory experiments were to measure the emission flux rates of seven volatile waste constituents: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p-, m-, o-xylene, and naphthalene, from API Sep...
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EVALUATION OF WHO-IPCS CHEMICALS BY THE C3H10T1/2CL8 MORPHOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION BIOASSAY |
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In the laboratory, the authors have utilized C3H10T1/2 cells to study the effects of environmental chemicals on mammalian cells. During the course of these studies, they bioassayed...
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EXPOSURE MODELING - SHEDS |
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This presentation provides a general overview of SHEDS model features, describes algorithms in the SHEDS-Air Toxics model that focus on mobile source exposures and multipathway exp...
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EXTRACTION OR DESTRUCTION OF CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS FROM AQUEOUS WASTE STREAMS |
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The use of solvent extraction and ozonation to treat various industrial wastewaters was studied. Most were light chlorinated hydrocarbon, solvent wastes and were principally extrac...
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EXTRAPOLATION OF THE BENZENE INHALATION UNIT RISK ESTIMATE TO THE ORAL ROUTE OF EXPOSURE (EXTERNAL REVIEW DRAFT) |
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The National Center for Environmental Assessment-Washington Division, Office of Research and Development, prepared this document on the Extrapolation of the Benzene Inhalation Unit...
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Environmental Research Brief. ANAEROBIC BIODEGREDATION OF BTEX IN AQUIFER MATERIAL (EPA/600/S-97/003) |
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This study focuses on the anaerobic biodegradation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene isomers (BTEX) in aquifer material from two petroleum-contaminated aquifers; Sleepin...
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FACTORS EFFECTING EXPOSURES TO VOCS DURING COMMUTING IN CALIFORNIA |
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On the average, Californian's spend between one and three hours each day commuting. The contribution from in-vehicle exposures to air toxics may be a significant component of to...
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FACTORS INFLUENCING THE COMPOSITION AND QUANTITY OF PASSENGER CAR REFUELING EMISSIONS. PART 1 |
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The paper describes the results of a study to examine the effects of various experimental variables on the quantity and composition of emissions associated with motor vehicle refue...
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FIELD METHOD COMPARISON BETWEEN PASSIVE AIR SAMPLERS AND CONTINUOUS MONITORS FOR VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND NO2 IN EL PASO, TEXAS, USA |
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Passive sampling of gas-phase air toxics and criteria pollutants has become an attractive monitoring method in human exposure studies due to the relatively low sampling cost and ...
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FIELD VALIDATION OF THE VOLATILE ORGANIC SAMPLING TRAIN (VOST) PROTOCOL |
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With the development of the Volatile Organic Sampling Train (VOST) Protocol (February 1984) to measure organic emissions from hazardous waste incinerators, a wide variety of compou...
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FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF MULTIPHASE IMMISCIBLE FLOW THROUGH SOILS |
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A finite-element model is developed for multiphase flow through soil involving three immiscible fluids: namely, air, water, and a nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL). A variational meth...
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FOOTPRINT: A COMPUTER APPLICATION FOR ESTIMATING PLUME AREAS OF BTEX COMPOUNDS IN GROUND WATER IMPACTED BY A SPILL OF GASOLINE CONTAINING ETHANOL |
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Ethanol has a potential negative impact on the natural biodegradation of other gasoline constituents, including BTEX compounds, in ground water. The impact of ethanol on the size ...
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FOOTPRINT: A COMPUTER APPLICATION FOR ESTIMATING PLUME AREAS OF BTEX COMPOUNDS IN GROUND WATER IMPACTED BY A SPILL OF GASOLINE CONTAINING ETHANOL |
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FOOTPRINT estimates the overall area of a plume of BTEX compounds that were contained within two biodegradation zones, one zone where ethanol is present and there is no biodegradat...
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FOOTPRINT: A SCREENING LEVEL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM TO ESTIMATE THE IMPACT OF ETHANOL IN GASOLINE ON THE SIZE OF THE BENZENE PLUME |
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FOOTPRINT was developed as a simple and user-friendly computer application that can be used as a screening model to estimate the extent of the BTEX plume in case of a spill of etha...
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FORMATION OF HEMOGLOBIN AND ALBUMIN ADDUCTS OF BENZENE OXIDE IN MOUSE, RAT, AND HUMAN BLOOD |
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Little is known about the formation and disposition of benzene oxide (BO), the initial metabolite arising from oxidation of benzene by cytochrome P450. In this study, reactions o...
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FORMATION OF PHOTOCHEMICAL AEROSOLS |
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The objective was to develop a better understanding of smog aerosol formation with particular reference to haze in the Southern California area. This study combined laboratory work...
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FORMATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN AN ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE ETHYLENE DIFFUSION FLAME. (R825412) |
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AbstractThe microstructure of an atmospheric pressure, counterflow, sooting, flat, laminar ethylene diffusion flame has been studied experimentally by withdrawing sampl...
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FULL SCALE FIELD DEMONSTRATION OF THE USE OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE FOR IN-SITU BIOREMEDIATION OF AN AVIATION GASOLINE-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER |
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The U.S. EPA and the U.S. Coast Guard conducted a joint full-scale evaluation of in-situ biological treatment of PHCs following spillage of aviation gasoline at Coast Guard Air Sta...
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Footprint (A Screening Model for Estimating the Area of a Plume Produced from Gasoline Containing Ethanol |
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FOOTPRINT is a simple and user-friendly screening model to estimate the length and surface area of BTEX plumes in ground water produced from a spill of gasoline that contains ethan...
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GASOLINE AND METHANOL EXPOSURES FROM AUTOMOBILES WITHIN RESIDENCES AND ATTACHED GARAGES |
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A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of the air concentrations within a garage microenvironment. he air exchange rate between the garage and the house, the w...
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GASOLINE COMPOSITION IN THE UNITED STATES (1976-2005) |
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Gasoline composition data are collected by EPA for Clean Air Act compliance requirements, by industry for various purposes and, recently, by EPA/ORD for a compositional study (Weav...
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GASOLINE COMPOSITION IN THE US (1976-2005) |
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Gasoline composition data are collected by EPA for Clean Air Act compliance requirements, by industry for various purposes and, recently, by EPA/ORD for a compositional study (Weav...
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GASOLINE COMPOSITION IN THE US (1976-2005) |
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Gasoline composition data are collected by EPA for Clean Air Act compliance requirements, by industry for various purposes and, recently, by EPA/ORD for a compositional study (Weav...
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GASOLINE-CONTAMINATED GROUND WATER AS A SOURCE OF RESIDENTIAL BENZENE EXPOSURE: A CASE STUDY |
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In a private residence using gasoline-contaminated water (approximately 300 ug/l benzene), a series of experiments were performed to assess the potential benzene exposures that may...
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GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS: A REVIEW OF EFFECTS ON REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT |
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Polymorphisms in genes can lead to differences in the level of susceptibility of individuals to potentially adverse effects of environmental influences, such as chemical exposure, ...
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GENE-TOX CARCINOGENS AND NON-CARCINOGENS: AN ANALYSIS OF SHORT-TERM BIOASSAYS IN GENETIC TOXICOLOGY |
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The Gene-Tox Carcinogen Data Base is an evaluated source of cancer data on 506 chemicals selected in part for their previous assessment in genetic toxicology bioassays. The data ba...
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GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TO BENZENE AND SHORTENED GESTATION: EVIDENCE OF GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION. (R825818) |
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The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoi...
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GLOBAL INVENTORY OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND EMISSIONS FROM ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES |
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The paper discusses the development of a global inventory of anthropogenic volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. t includes VOC estimates for seven classes of VOCs: paraffins,...
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GLYCOL DEHYDRATOR BTEX AND VOC EMISSIONS TESTING RESULTS AT TWO UNITS IN TEXAS AND LOUISIANA - VOLUME I. TECHNICAL REPORT |
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The report gives results of the collection of emissions tests data at two triethylene glycol (TEG) units to provide data for comparison to GRI-GLYCalc, a computer program developed...
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GLYCOL DEHYDRATOR BTEX AND VOC EMISSIONS TESTING RESULTS AT TWO UNITS IN TEXAS AND LOUISIANA - VOLUME II. APPENDICES |
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The report gives results of the collection of emissions tests data at two triethylene glycol (TEG) units to provide data for comparison to GRI-GLYCalc, a computer program developed...
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GLYCOL DEHYDRATOR BTEX AND VOC EMISSIONS TESTING RESULTS AT TWO UNITS IN TEXAS AND LOUISIANA VOL. I: TECHNICAL REPORT |
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The report gives results of the collection of emissions tests data at two triethylene glycol units to provide data for comparison to GRI-GLYCalc, a computer program developed to es...
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GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAIN PRELIMINARY STUDY FOR BIOSPHERE RESERVE POLLUTANT MONITORING |
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A presampling of physical and biological media at preselected locations on the Great Smoky Mountains Biosphere Reserve was completed. The media collected, which included air, water...
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Gasoline Composition in 2008 |
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Gasoline composition in the U.S is determined by factors related to crude oil source, refinery capacity, geography and regulatory factors. Major regulation derived from the Clean ...
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HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS PROFILE FOR METHYL ETHYL BENZENES |
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The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl Ethyl Benzenes was prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Offi...
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HEALTH ASSESSMENT DOCUMENT FOR POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS. PARTS 1 AND 2. EXTERNAL REVIEW DRAFT |
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Dioxins are a class of compounds that contain the dibenzo-p-dioxin nucleus. In the chlorinated dioxins, the dibenzo-p-dioxin nucleus is substituted with chlorine at different posit...
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HEALTH ASSESSMENT DOCUMENT FOR TOLUENE. FINAL REPORT |
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The health effect of primary concern with regard to exposures of humans to toluene is dysfunction of the central nervous system (CNS). Occupational exposures in the range of 200 to...
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENT FOR BENZENE |
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The document represents a brief, quantitatively oriented scientific summary of health effects data. It was developed by the Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office to assist t...
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HEPATIC AND PULMONARY MICROSOMAL BENZENE METABOLISM IN CYP2E1 KNOCKOUT MICE. (R826191) |
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The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoi...
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HIGH ENERGY ELECTRON INJECTION (E-BEAM) TECHNOLOGY FOR THE EX-SITU TREATMENT OF MTBE-CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION REPORT |
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This Innovative Technology Evaluation Report documents the results of a demonstration of the high-energy electron injection (E-Beam) technology in application to groundwater contam...
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HIGH LEVELS OF MONOAROMATIC COMPOUNDS LIMIT THE USE OF SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION OF METHYL TERTIARY BUTYL ETHER AND TERTIARY BUTYL ALCOHOL |
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Recently, two papers reported the use of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)/Carboxen fibers to determine trace levels of methyl tertiary butyl ether...
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HIGH VOLTAGE ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS, INC.ELECTRON BEAM TECHNOLOGY - INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION REPORT |
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This report evaluates a high-voltage electron beam (E-beam) technology's ability to destroy volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other contaminants present in liquid wastes. Spec...
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HOUSEHOLD EXPOSURES TO BENZENE FROM SHOWERING WITH GASOLINE CONTAMINATED GROUND WATER |
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In a private residence using benzene contaminated groundwater (= 300 ug/l), a series of experiments were performed to assess the benzene exposures that occur in the shower stall, b...
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HUMAN EXPOSURE MODELING: CONCEPTS, METHODS, AND TOOLS |
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Understanding human exposure is critical when estimating the occurrence of deleterious effects that could follow contact with environmental contaminants. For many pollutants, th...
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HYDROSILATION POLYMERIZATIONS WITH DIALLYL MONOMER - BENZENE SOLUTION VERSUS SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE. (R825503) |
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The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoi...
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HYDROXYL RADICAL RATE CONSTANT INTERCOMPARISON STUDY |
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An intercomparison study was conducted to evaluate the OH rate constant measurement protocol developed by researchers at the University of California at Riverside. Researchers used...
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IDENTIFICATION OF MUTAGENIC COMPONENTS IN WASTEWATER EFFLUENTS AND SLUDGES |
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Both industrially-impacted and domestic municipal sewage treatment plant wastewaters and sludges have been studied to isolate the residue organics for the characterization of their...
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IMPACT OF ETHANOL ON BENZENE MIGRATION |
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The use of ethanol as a fuel oxygenate is expected to expand rapidly due to MTBE contamination in ground water. It is essential to understand the potential impact of ethanol-blend...
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IMPACT OF ETHANOL ON THE NATURAL ATTENUATION OF MTBE IN A NORMALLY SULFATE-REDUCING AQUIFER |
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Two side-by-side experiments were conducted in an MTBE-contaminated aquifer at a former service station site to determine the effect of ethanol release on the fate of pre-existing ...
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IMPACT OF METHANOL AND CNG FUELS ON MOTOR VEHICLE TOXIC EMISSIONS |
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The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments require that the Environmental Protection Agency investigate the need for reduction of motor vehicle toxic emissions such a formaldehyde, acetalde...
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INDOOR AIR QUALITY DATA BASE FOR ORGANIC COMPOUNDS |
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The report gives results of the compilation of a data base for concentrations of organic compounds measured indoors. ased on a review of the literature from 1979 through 1990, the ...
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INDUCED HEPATOCYTES AS A METABOLIC ACTIVATION SYSTEM FOR THE MOUSE-LYMPHOMA ASSAY |
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We have developed methods for the coculture of hepatocytes and mouse lymphoma cells and have shown the utility of this system for testing promutagens from several chemical classes ...
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INDUCTION OF SKIN PAPILLOMAS IN THE SENCAR MOUSE AS A TIER 2 CARCINOGENESIS BIOASSAY |
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The Toxic Substances Control Act mandates the testing of industrial chemicals for which insufficient evidence of safety exists. One of the more critical areas in chemical carcinoge...
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INDUSTRIAL PROCESS PROFILES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL USE: CHAPTER 6. THE INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC CHEMICALS INDUSTRY |
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The catalog of Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use was developed as an aid in defining the environmental impacts of industrial activity in the U.S. Entries for each i...
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INFLUENCE OF OXYGENATED FUELS ON THE EMISSIONS FROM THREE PRE-1985 LIGHT-DUTY PASSENGER VEHICLES |
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Tailpipe and evaporative emission from three pre-1985 passenger motor vehicles operating on a oxygenated blend fuel and on a nonoxygenated base fuel were characterized. mission dat...
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INHIBITION OF ALKYLBENZENE BIODEGRADATION UNDER DENITRIFYING CONDITIONS BY USING THE ACETYLENE BLOCK TECHNIQUE |
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Addition of acetylene to microcosms simultaneously amended with nitrate and alkylbenzenes resulted in inhibition of the rate of alkylbenzene biodegradation under denitrifying condi...
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INHIBITORY INTERACTIONS OF AROMATIC ORGANICS DURING MICROBIAL DEGRADATION |
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Phenol, benzene and naphthalene were exposed, both singly and in combination, to oil refinery settling pond inocula. Although all three aromatic organics degraded rapidly when dose...
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INTERACTION OF ESTROGEN AND 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-BENZENE WITH PLASMA FATTY ACID CONCENTRATIONS OF MALE CHICKENS (GALLUS DOMESTICUS). (R826298) |
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The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoi...
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INTERCOMPARISON OF SAMPLING TECHNIQUES FOR TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN INDOOR AIR |
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People spend a major fraction of their time indoors, and there is concern over exposure to volatile organic compounds present in indoor air. The study was initiated to compare seve...
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INTERDEPENDENCIES OF MULTI-POLLUTANT CONTROL SIMULATIONS IN AN AIR QUALITY MODEL |
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In this work, we use the Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system to examine the effect of several control strategies on simultaneous concentrations of ozone, PM |
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INTERIM REPORT ON NON-FLAME HAZARDOUS WASTE THERMAL DESTRUCTION |
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The thermal decomposition of toxic organic compounds is being investigated in a laboratory system dedicated to the non-flame mode/zone of the combustion process. The early phase of...
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INTERPRETATION OF BENZENE URINARY BIOMARKER DATA FOR RISK ASSESSMENT: A CASE STUDY |
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Human biomonitoring is an effective tool in assessing exposure to hundreds of chemicals. Too often, however, biomarkers such as parent or metabolite concentrations in blood or uri...
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INVESTIGATING UNCERTAINTY AND SENSITIVITY IN INTEGRATED, MULTIMEDIA ENVIRONMENTAL MODELS: TOOLS FOR FRAMES-3MRA |
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Elucidating uncertainty and sensitivity structures in environmental models can be a difficult task, even for low-order, single-medium constructs driven by a unique set of site-spec...
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INVESTIGATION AND IMPLICATIONS OF SUB GRID VARIABILITY OF CMAQ MODELED CONCENTRATIONS |
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This poster introduces a method called SGV adjusted concentrations (SAC) for introducing sub-grid variability (inherent in air quality grid models) into CMAQ for various applicatio...
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INVESTIGATION OF BENZENE OXIDE IN BONE MARROW AND OTHER TISSUES OF F344 RATS FOLLOWING METABOLISM OF BENZENE IN VITRO AND IN VIVO |
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This study examines the initial activation of benzene, exploring key aspects of its metabolism by measurement of benzene oxide (BO) and BO-protein adducts in vitro and in vivo. T...
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INVESTIGATION OF IMPORTANT HYDROXYL RADICAL REACTIONS IN THE PERTURBED TROPOSPHERE |
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The flash-photolysis resonance fluorescence technique was used to study the reaction kinetics of hydroxyl radicals with ten aromatic and six olefinic hydrocarbons at 298 K and seve...
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INVESTIGATION OF THE RADICAL-MEDIATED PRODUCTION OF BENZENE OXIDE PROTEIN ADDUCTS IN VITRO AND IN VIVO |
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High background levels of benzene oxide (BO) adducts with hemoglobin and albumin (BO-Hb and BO-Alb) have been measured in unexposed humans and animals. To test the influence of ...
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IRIS TOXICOLOGICAL REVIEW AND SUMMARY DOCUMENTS FOR TOLUENE |
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Toluene is used as an additive to gasoline mixtures (BTEX) to increase octane ratings, in benzene production, and as a solvent in paints, coatings, inks, adhesives, and cleaners. A...
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IRIS TOXICOLOGICAL REVIEW OF BENZENE (NONCANCER EFFECTS) |
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Benzene, also known as benzol, is widely used as an industrial solvent, as an intermediate in chemical syntheses, and as a component of gasoline; hence, the potential for human exp...
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IRIS TOXICOLOGICAL REVIEW OF BENZENE (NONCANCER EFFECTS) (EXTERNAL REVIEW DRAFT) |
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Benzene is a widely used as an industrial solvent, an intermediate in chemical synthesis of commercial products, and a component of gasoline. The potential for human exposure via i...
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IRIS TOXICOLOGICAL REVIEW OF ETHYL BENZENE |
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The ethylbenzene IRIS assessment file was first online in 1987, and revised in 1991. The potential of ethylbenzene to cause cancer could not be determined at the time due to lack ...
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In Situ Biodegradation of MTBE and TBA |
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Ground water at most UST spills sites in Kansas contains both MTBE and benzene, and both contaminants must be effectively treated to close the sites. Soil vacuum extraction, and a...
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JUNE-SEPTEMBER, 6-9 AM, AMBIENT AIR BENZENE CONCENTRATIONS IN 39 U.S. CITIES, 1984-1986 |
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Ambient air samples from 44 sites in 39 U.S. urban areas were collected in electropolished, stainless steel canisters on week days from 6 to 9 am during June through September of 1...
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KINETICS AND SELECTIVITY OF DEEP CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF N-HEXANE AND BENZENE |
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Deep (complete) catalytic combustion (oxidation) of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is emerging as an important emission control technique. A fundamental study was carried out fo...
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KINETICS AND SELECTIVITY OF DEEP CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND MIXTURES |
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The paper gives results of a fundamental study of low-temperature deep (complete) oxidation of n-hexane, benzene, and ethyl-acetate over a 0.1% Pt, 3% Ni/gamma-AL203 catalyst. (NOT...
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KINETICS OF ETHANOL BIODEGRADATION UNDER METHANOGENIC CONDITIONS IN GASOLINE SPILLS |
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Ethanol is commonly used as a fuel oxygenate. A concern has been raised that biodegradation of ethanol from a spill of gasoline may inhibit the natural biodegradation of fuel hydr...
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LABORATORY AND FIELD STUDIES ON BTEX BIODEGRADATION IN A FUEL-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER UNDER DENITRIFYING CONDITIONS |
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Laboratory studies were conducted in conjunction with a field demonstration project on nitrate-mediated biorestoration of a fuel-contaminated aquifer at a U.S. Coast Guard facility...
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LABORATORY EVALUATION OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE PASSIVE ORGANIC PERSONAL MONITORS |
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A laboratory investigation was conducted to determine the potential utility and limitations for the use of commercially available passive dosimeters for monitoring volatile organic...
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LABORATORY EVALUATION OF TUNABLE ATOMIC LINE MOLECULAR SPECTROMETERS FOR BENZENE ANALYSIS |
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Tunable Atomic Line Molecular Spectroscopy (TALMS) is a high resolution, differential absorption technique used in the ultraviolet region. Under Interagency Agreements EPA-80-D-X10...
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LABORATORY-SCALE FLAME-MODE HAZARDOUS WASTE THERMAL DESTRUCTION RESEARCH |
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This research is to investigate the flame mode incinerability of hazardous waste compounds. It was also designed to provide a comparison between flame and non-flame destruction of ...
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LIGHT NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUIDS |
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Nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLS) are hydrocarbons that exist as a separate, immiscible phase when in contact with water and/or air. ifferences in the physical and chemical properti...
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LIGHT NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUIDS |
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Nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLS) are hydrocarbons that exist as a separate, immiscible phase when in contact with water and/or air. ifferences in the physical and chemical properti...
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LIGHT NONAQUEOUS-PHASE LIQUID HYDROCARBON WEATHERING AT SOME JP-4 FUEL RELEASE SITES |
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A fuel weathering study was conducted for database entries to estimate natural light, nonaqueousphase
liquid weathering and source-term reduction rates for use in natural attenu...
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LIGHT NONAQUEOUS-PHASE LIQUID HYDROCARBON WEATHERING AT SOME JP-4 FUEL RELEASE SITES: JOURNAL ARTICLE |
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NRMRL-ADA-00227
Kampbell*, D.H., Snyder, C.B., Downey, D.C., and Hansen, J.E. Light Nonaqueous-Phase Liquid
Hydrocarbon Weathering at some JP-4 Fuel Release Sites. Journal Of Haza...
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LINES OF EVIDENCE FOR NA FOR ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND THE USE OF COMPOUND SPECIFIC ISOTOPE ANALYSIS |
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The strongest line of evidence is a reduction in concentration over time. However, this only provides evidence of natural attenuation of the source area. It is difficult to deter...
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LONG-TERM STUDY OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND RECOVERY FROM AMPULATED, DRY, FORTIFIED SOILS |
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Our objective was to evaluate the stability and extractability of volatile organic compound (VOCs) when fortified on dry soils and stored in sealed ampules. Two desiccator-dried so...
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LOSS/GAIN OF VOCS FROM TEDLAR BAGS AND OTHER SAMPLING EQUIPMENT |
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Soil gas samples are collected to evaluate human health risk from vapor intrusion into homes and other buildings. In order to meet risk assessment goals, the analytical reporting ...
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS OF SOLVENT AND FUEL EXPOSURE DURING AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE |
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Few studies have addressed the effects of mixed, low level exposures to complex mixtures on a man's reproductive potential. In this prospective study, each subject was evaluated p...
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MASS SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF KEPONE IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN SAMPLES |
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A specific portion of our environment has been contaminated with Kepone, or chlordecone. Additionally, some specific human exposures to high concentrations of Kepone have been conf...
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MATERNAL HEPATIC EFFECTS OF 1,2,4,5-TETRACHLOROBENZENE IN THE RAT |
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1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene (TCB) is an industrial intermediate used in the production of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid. This herbicide contains trace quantities of 2,3,7,8-tetr...
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MEASUREMENT OF BENZENE OXIDE IN THE BLOOD OF RATS FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF BENZENE |
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Although it is generally assumed that metabolism of benzene proceeds through an initial step involving oxidation to benzene oxide (BO) by CYP450 in the liver, the production of B...
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MEASUREMENT OF EXHALED BREATH AND VENOUS BLOOD TO DEVELOP A PHYSIOLOGICALLY BASED PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL FOR HUMAN EXPOSURE TO METHYL TERTIARY-BUTYL ETHER AND THE PRODUCTION OF THE BIOMARKER TERTIARY-BUTYL ALCOHOL |
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Methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) is a common fuel additive used to increase the availability of oxygen in gasoline to reduce winter-time carbon monoxide emissions from automobi...
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MEASUREMENT OF VOCS FROM THE TAMS NETWORK |
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Target volatile organic compounds (VOCS) were measured at a network of urban air monitoring locations in Boston, Chicago, Houston, and the Seattle/Tacoma area. ollowing a pilot-sca...
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MECHANISMS OF PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS IN URBAN AIR |
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Results of an environmental chamber study and three basic studies pertaining to the chemistry of air pollution are described. Results obtained during the last four years of a long-...
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METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS FOR POLAR VOCS IN AMBIENT AIR |
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This paper reports on a program which had two main objectives: 1) to develop an analytical method for polar volatile organic compounds (PVOCS) in ambient ail using sample collectio...
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METHOD OF LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION OF BLOOD SURROGATES FOR ASSESSING HUMAN EXPOSURE TO JET FUEL |
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A baseline method of liquid?liquid extraction for assessing human exposure to JP-8 jet fuel was established by extracting several representative compounds ranging from very volat...
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METHOD TO-15 SUPPLEMENT-ANALYSIS OF 1,1-DCE AT PPTV CONCENTRATIONS |
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The Supplement to EPA Compendium Method TO-15 provides guidance for reducing the method detection limit (MDL) for the compound 1,1-dichloroethene (1,1-DCE) and for other volatile o...
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MICROBIAL ANALYSIS OF MTBE, BTEX BIOREMEDIATION: BIONETS CONTAINING PM1, SOS, ISOLITE. |
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MTBE and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) are major problems of many sites in the United States. The objective of this study was to determine if biologically acti...
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MICROBIAL ANALYSIS OF MTBE, BTEX BIOREMEDIATION: BIONETS CONTAINING PM1, SOS, ISOLITE� |
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MTBE and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) are major problems of many sites in the United States. The objective of this study was to determine if biologically activ...
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MICROBIAL ANALYSIS OF MTBE, BTEX BIOREMEDIATION: BIONETS(TM) CONTAINING PM1, SOS, ISOLITE (R) |
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MTBE and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) are major problems of many sites in the United States. The objective of this study was to determine if biologically acti...
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MICROBIAL DEGRADATIVE ACTIVITY IN GROUND WATER AT A CHEMICAL WASTE DISPOSAL SITE |
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The microbial fate and effects of toxic organic chemicals at the ambient concentration in leachates derived from a waste disposal landfill site are examined. roundwater downslope f...
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MICROWAVE-INDUCED, SOLVENT-FREE TRANSFORMATIONS OF BENZOHETERACYCLANONES BY HTIB (KOSER'S REAGENT) |
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The microwave-activated reaction of [hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene (HTIB) with various chromanones, thiochromanones and dihydroquinolones under solvent-free conditions has been stu...
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MINERALIZATION OF MTBE WITH VARIOUS PRIMARY SUBSTRATES |
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Five specialized bioreactors have been operated for over a year to evaluate the biodegradability of the fuel oxygenate methyl-t-butyl -t-butyl ether (MTBE) under difference subst...
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MIXTURE EFFECTS IN THE CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF VOCS (VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS) IN AIR |
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The report gives results of a study of the deep oxidation of organic mixtures over a heterogeneous catalyst in an attempt to explain earlier observations concerning the apparent in...
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MOBILE SOURCE HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS IN THE SEATTLE-TACOMA URBAN AREA |
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The paper describes mobile source hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emissions in the Seattle-Tacoma, Washington, Urban area. obile sources have been identified as significant contribut...
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MODEL FOR DEEP CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF HYDROCARBON MIXTURES IN THE STRONG PORE DIFFUSION REGION |
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The paper describes a model for deep catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbon mixtures in the strong pore diffusion region. A laboratory-scale tubular catalytic reactor, used for low-tem...
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MODELING VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND PHARMACOKINETICS IN RAT PUPS |
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PBPK model predictions of internal dosimetry in young rats were compared to adult animals for benzene, chloroform (CHL), methylene chloride, methyl ethly ketone (MEK), perchloroeth...
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MOLECULAR CLONING, CHARACTERIZATION, AND REGULATION OF A PSEUDOMONAS PICKETTII PK01 GENE IN ENCODING PHENOL HYDROXYLASE AND EXPRESSION OF THE GENE IN PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA PA01C |
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A 26 kilobase BamHI restriction endonuclease DNA fragment has been cloned from Pseudomonas pickettii PK01, a strain isolated from a soil microcosm that had been amended with benzen...
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MONITORED NATURAL ATTENUATION OF TERTIARY BUTYL ALCOHOL (TBA) IN GROUND WATER AT GASOLINE SPILL SITES |
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The state agencies that implement the Underground Storage Tank program rely heavily on Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) to clean up contaminants such as benzene and methyl terti...
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MONITORING TOXIC ORGANIC GASES AND PARTICLES NEAR THE WORLD TRADE CENTER AFTER SEPTEMBER 11, 2001 |
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The September 11, 2001 attack on the World Trade Center (WTC) resulted in an intense fire and the subsequent, complete collapse of the two main structures and adjacent buildings,...
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MTBE BIODEGRADATION AND BIOREMEDIATION (ROCKY GAP, MD) |
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MTBE contamination in ground water at gasoline spill sites can be treated with in situ aerobic bioremediation. All that is usually necessary is to provide sufficient oxygen to mee...
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MTBE BIODEGRADATION AND BIOREMEDIATION (ROCKY GAP, MD*) |
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MTBE contamination in ground water at gasoline spill sites can be treated with in situ aerobic bioremediation. All that is usually necessary is to provide sufficient oxygen to mee...
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MTBE BIOREMEDIATION WITH BIONETS CONTAINING ISOLITE®, PM1, SOLID OXYGEN SOURCE (SOS) OR AIR |
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MTBE, a gasoline additive, is a persistent and foul tasting contaminant that is more mobile in groundwater than BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes). It is turning up at ...
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MTBE BIOREMEDIATION WITH BIONETS(TM) CONTAINING ISOLITE, PM1, SOLD OXYGEN SOURCE (SOS) OR AIR |
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MTBE, a gasoline additive, is a persistent and foul tasting contaminant that is more mobile in groundwater than BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes). It is turning up at ...
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MULTIMEDIA ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT: VOLUME IV. MEG CHARTS AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION SUMMARIES (CATEGORIES 13-26) |
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Multimedia Environmental Goals (MEG's) are levels of significant contaminants or degradents (in ambient air, water, or land or in emissions of effluents conveyed to the ambient med...
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MULTIPLE-SITE CARCINOGENICITY OF BENZENE IN FISCHER 344 RATS AND B6C3F MICE |
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Two-year toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of benzene were conducted in groups of 50 F344/N rats and 50 B6C3F1 mice of each sex and for each of three exposure doses and vehicle...
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MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS ON LEVELS OF SELECTED METALS, PARTICULATE MATTER, VOC, AND HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS AND ACTIVITIES FROM THE MIDWESTERN STATES NHEXAS |
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Microenvironmental and biological/personal monitoring information were collected during the National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS), conducted in the six states compri...
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MULTIZONAL MASS BALANCE MODELING OF BENZENE DISPERSION IN A PRIVATE RESIDENCE |
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A residence in Roxboro, NC, was found to have its well-water supply contaminated with Benzene (=300u/1) and other organic compounds. The residents of the house do not currently dri...
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MUTAGENICITY OF SELECTED ORGANIC SOLVENTS |
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Mutagenicity of selected organic solvents. Scand J Work Environ Health 11 (1985): suppl 1, 75-82. For certain organic solvents, such as benzene, vinyl chloride, styrene, technical ...
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NATURAL ATTENUATION OF FUEL HYDROCARBONS AT MULTIPLE AIR FORCE BASE DEMONSTRATION SITES |
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ABSTRACT
A major initiative to evaluate monitored natural attenuation (MNA) of ground-water contaminated with fuel hydrocarbons began in June, 1993, and continued through Sep...
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NATURAL ATTENUATION OF FUEL HYDROCARBONS AT MULTIPLE AIR FORCE BASE DEMONSTRATION SITES |
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A major initiative to evaluate monitored natural attenuation(MNA) of ground water contaminated with fuel hydrocarbons began in June 1993 and continued through October 2000. Durin...
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NATURAL ATTENUATION OF FUEL HYDROCARBONS AT MULTIPLE AIR FORCE BASE DEMONSTRATION SITES: SYMPOSIUM/ CONFERENCE |
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NRMRL-ADA-01241
Kampbell*, D.H., Hanson, Jerry E., Henry, BM, and Hicks, John R. "Natural Attenuation of Fuel Hydrocarbons at Multiple Air...
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NATURAL BIOLOGICAL ATTENUATION OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS UNDER ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS |
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There is little consistent difference in the calculated half-lives of aromatic hydrocarbons in different anaerobic environments, but methanogenic environments might be generally t...
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NATURAL BIORECLAMATION OF ALKLYBENZENES (BTEX) FROM A GASOLINE SPILL IN METHANOGENIC GROUNDWATER |
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A spill of gasoline from underground storage tanks (USTS) at the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore in Benzie County, Michigan, produced a plume of contamination that reached t...
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NATURAL BIOREMEDIATION PERSPECTIVE FOR BTX CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER IN BRAZIL: EFFECT OF ETHANOL (R823420) |
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AbstractNatural bioremediation, the use of indigenous microorganisms to degrade hazardous substances within aquifers without engineered stimulation, shows great promise...
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NHEXAS PHASE I ARIZONA STUDY--STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR USE OF A PASSIVE SAMPLING DEVISE FOR THE COLLECTION OF AIRBORNE VOCS AT FIXED INDOOR AND OUTDOOR SITES (UA-F-12.0) |
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the methods used to sample residential indoor and outdoor atmospheres for the presence of certain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by means ...
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NHEXAS PHASE I REGION 5 STUDY--QUALITY SYSTEMS AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR HUMAN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT STUDY (RTI/5740/02-02QSIP) |
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The RTI/EOHSI Consortium scoping studies were designed to be part of the total NHEXAS framework that was developed as a result of a series scientific discussions and workshops cond...
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NHEXAS PHASE I REGION 5 STUDY--STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR COLLECTION, STORAGE, AND SHIPMENT OF DRINKING WATER SAMPLES FOR VOCS BY EPA METHOD 524.2 (RTI/ACS-AP-209-003) |
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This protocol describes the procedures for the collection, storage, and shipping of drinking water samples for volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) for analysis by EPA Method 524.2 (v...
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NHEXAS PHASE I REGION 5 STUDY--STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR COLLECTION/STORAGE/SHIPMENT OF SAMPLES FOR VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN PERSONAL/INDOOR/OUTDOOR/OCCUPATIONAL AIR (RTI/ACS-AP-209-012) |
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This protocol describes the procedures for the collection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air on passive charcoal badges, and the procedures for storing and shipping of the...
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NHEXAS PHASE I REGION 5 STUDY--STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE--ANALYSIS OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM CHARCOAL BADGES BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY (RTI/ACS-AP-209-112) |
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This protocol provides guidelines for determining volatile organic hydrocarbons (VOCs) in air samples by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). This method is for the analys...
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NITRATE FOR BIORESTORATION OF AN AQUIFER CONTAMINATED WITH JET FUEL |
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There is little information available in the open literature on the performance of bioremediation at field scale. The report documents the rate and extent of treatment of a spill o...
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NITRATE FOR BIORESTORATION OF AN AQUIFER CONTAMINATED WITH JET FUEL |
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There is little information available in the open literature on the performance of bioremediation at field scale. his report documents the rate and extent of treatment of a spill o...
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OBSERVATIONS ON WASTE DESTRUCTION IN LIQUID INJECTION INCINERATORS |
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The paper discusses various factors affecting the performance of a sub-scale liquid injection incinerator simulator. he mechanisms by which waste escape incineration within the spr...
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OPTIMIZING BTEX BIODEGRADATION UNDER DENITRIFYING CONDITIONS |
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Laboratory tests were conducted to determine optimum conditions for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (collectively known as BTEX) biodegradation by aquifer microorganisms...
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OPTIMIZING BTEX BIODEGRADATION UNDER DENITRYFYING CONDITIONS |
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Laboratory tests were conducted to determine optimum conditions for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (collectively known as BTEX) biodegradation by aquifer microorganisms...
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ORGANIC CONTAMINANT REMOVAL IN LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRINKING WATER BY GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON ADSORPTION |
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The primary objective was to examine the efficiency of using granular activated carbon (GAC) for the removal of organic contaminants in drinking water. Two basic full-scale systems...
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OVERVIEW OF THE TECHNICAL IMPLICATIONS OF METHANOL AND ETHANOL AS HIGHWAY MOTOR VEHICLE FUELS |
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The characteristics of methanol and ethanol as highway motor vehicle fuels are contrasted with those of conventional gasolines and diesel fuels. he implications of the physical and...
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OZONE-SCAVENGING REAGENTS SUITABLE FOR USE IN THE QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF ALDEHYDES AS THE O-(2,3,4,5,6-PENTAFLUOROBENZYL)OXIMES BY GC-ECD |
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Previously, we reported interference due to several ozone-scavenging reagents (OSRs) in the quantitation of aldehydes using 0-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)oxylamine (PFBOA) in the ...
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PARTITIONING OF BENZENE IN SICKLE CELL BLOOD AND NORMAL BLOOD AND IN THE BLOOD OF THE GUINEA PIG, MOUSE, AND RAT |
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Abstract
Benzene was used as a prototypic volatile organic chemical to ascertain whether the insoluble form of hemoglobin (HbS) from subjects with homozygous sickle cell disease...
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PCDD/F and Aromatic Emissions from Simulated Forest and Grassland Fires |
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Emissions of polychlorinated dibenzodioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) from simulated grassland and forest fires were quantitatively sampled to derive emission factor...
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PERFORMANCE AND COST EVALUATION OF BIOREMEDIATION TECHNIQUES FOR FUEL SPILLS |
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Soils and ground water beneath the U.S. Coast Guard Air Station at Traverse City, MI, have been contaminated with separate spills of aviation gasoline and JP-4 jet fuel. Contaminat...
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PERFORMANCE AUDIT RESULTS FOR POHC (PRINCIPLE ORGANIC HAZARDOUS CONSTITUENTS): VOST (VOLATILE ORGANIC SAMPLING TRAIN) AND GAS MEASUREMENT METHODS |
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This report includes the results of a pilot audit program on source emission measurement systems used to measure POHC (Principle Organic Hazardous Constituents). Four laboratories ...
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PERFORMANCE OF A NEW PASSIVE DIFFUSION SAMPLER FOR MONITORING BENZENE IN EITHER SOIL GAS OR GROUND WATER |
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Understanding transport of volatile contaminants in soil gas and ground water, particularly those associated with underground storage tanks, requires a detailed knowledge about the...
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PERFORMANCE OF A NEW PASSIVE DIFFUSION SAMPLER FOR SOIL GAS AND GROUND WATER SAMPLING |
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Conventional practice to estimate intrusion of fuel vapors from ground water to buildings measures the concentration of BTEX in ground water beneath the building using a convention...
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PERFORMANCE OF ACTIVE IN SITU REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY FOR TREATMENT OF MTBE AND BENZENE AT UST SOURCE AREAS IN KANSAS |
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Both MtBE and Benzene are present at over 86% of the Underground Storage Tank sites in Kansas, USA that require active remediation. In situ remedial technologies, consisting prima...
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PERFORMANCE OF AIR SPARGING AND SOIL VACUUM EXTRACTION FOR TREATMENT OF MTBE AND BENZENE AT UST SITES IN KANSAS |
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The efficacy of soil vacuum extraction or air sparging and soil vacuum extraction for remediation of ground water contamination with MTBE was compared to remediation of contaminati...
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PERFORMANCE OF CONVENTIONAL REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGY FOR TREATMENT OF MTBE AND BENZENE AT UST SITES IN KANSAS |
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Ground water at most UST spills sites in Kansas contains both MTBE and benzene, and both contaminants must be effectively treated to close the sites. Soil vacuum extraction, air s...
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PERINATAL IMMUNOTOXICITY OF BENZENE TOWARD MOUSE B CELL DEVELOPMENT |
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Benzene is widely used by chemical industries and exposure to benzene has been shown experimentally to be immunotoxic in adult animals. The present study addressed whether exposure...
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PERMEATION OF MOUSE SKIN AND SILICONE RUBBER MEMBRANES BY PHENOLS: RELATIONSHIP TO IN VITRO PARTITIONING |
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Cutaneous permeability coefficients of a set of pollutants chosen to span a wide range or polarity; namely N-nitrosodimethylamine, benzidine, benzene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride...
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PERSONAL EXPOSURE TO JP-8 JET FUEL VAPORS AND EXHAUST AT AIR FORCE BASES |
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JP-8 jet fuel (similar to commercial/international jet A-1 fuel) is the standard military fuel for all types of vehicles, including the U.S. Air Force aircraft inventory. As suc...
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PHARMACOKINETICALLY BASED RISK ASSESSMENT OF WORKPLACE EXPOSURE OF BENZENE |
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Cancer risk from exposure to benzene for a working lifetime was estimated from data obtained in studies with rodents. ancers of the Zymbal gland and the blood-forming system were s...
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PHOTOCATALYTIC OXIDATION OF METHYL-TERT-BUTYL ETHER FOR DRINKING WATER TREATMENT |
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The photo-oxidation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in water was investigated to determine the feasibility of using photocatalysis for the treatment of MTBE-contaminated drinking...
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PHOTOTHERMAL DESTRUCTION OF THE VAPOR OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS |
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The results of thermal and photothermal destruction of the vapors of organic compounds were compared by conducting tests in a photothermal detoxification unit. enon are lamp was us...
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PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AS PREDICTORS OF ORGANIC CHEMICAL EFFECTS ON SOIL MICROBIAL RESPIRATION |
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Structure-activity analysis was used to evaluate the effects of 19 hazardous organic chemicals on microbial respiration in two slightly acidic soils (a Captina silt loam from Roane...
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POLLUTANTS FROM SYNTHETIC FUELS PRODUCTION: ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF COAL GASIFICATION SCREENING TESTS |
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The report gives results of an environmental evaluation of 38 screening test runs using a laboratory-scale, fixed-bed coal gasifier to study pollutants generated during the gasific...
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POLLUTANTS FROM SYNTHETIC FUELS PRODUCTION: FACILITY CONSTRUCTION AND PRELIMINARY TESTS |
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The report describes the facility construction and gives results of preliminary tests for a project that seeks a fundamental understanding of the factors and conditions that cause ...
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POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON FORMATION IN OPPOSED FLOW DIFFUSION FLAMES OF ETHANE. (R825412) |
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AbstractThe effect of fuel-side carbon density on the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation in atmospheric pressure, opposed flow, ethane diffusion ...
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POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS) AND OTHER SEMI-VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS COLLECTED IN NEW YORK CITY IN RESPONSE TO THE EVENTS OF 9/11 |
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Concentrations of over 60 non-polar semi-volatile and non-volatile organic compounds were measured in Lower Manhattan, New York using a high capacity Integrated Organic Gas and P...
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POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS) AND OTHER SEMI-VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS COLLECTED IN NEW YORK CITY IN RESPONSE TO THE EVENTS OF 9/11 |
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Concentrations of over 60 non-polar semi-volatile and non-volatile organic compounds were measured in Lower Manhattan, New York using a high capacity Integrated Organic Gas and P...
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POLYCYLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS) AND OTHER SEMI-VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS COLLECTED IN NEW YORK CITY IN RESPONSE TO THE EVENTS OF 9/11 |
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Concentrations of over 60 non-polar semi-volatile and non-volatile organic compounds were measured in Lower Manhattan, New York using a high capacity Integrated Organic Gas an Pa...
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POPULATION EXPOSURE AND DOSE MODEL FOR AIR TOXICS: A BENZENE CASE STUDY |
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The EPA's National Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL) is developing a human exposure and dose model called the Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulation model for Air Toxics...
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POPULATION-BASED EXPOSURE MODELING FOR AIR POLLUTANTS AT EPA'S NATIONAL EXPOSURE RESEARCH LABORATORY |
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The US EPA's National Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL) has been developing, applying, and evaluating population-based exposure models to improve our understanding of the varia...
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PREDICTIVE MODELING OF ORGANIC EMISSIONS |
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The purpose of the study was to develop and utilize sampling, analytical and predictive methods to assess the fate of selected chemicals in a full-scale wastewater treatment facili...
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PRIORITIES FOR BIOLOGIC MARKERS RESEARCH IN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH |
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Recent advances in molecular and cellular biology allow for measurement of biologic events or substances that may provide markers of exposure, effect or susceptibility in humans. h...
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PRIORITY POLLUTANT REMOVAL FROM MINE DRAINAGE |
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A study of the removal of selected priority pollutants from acid mine drainage was conducted at EPA's Crown, West Virginia, site. The pollutants studied were the volatiles benzene,...
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PROCESS DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT: A MULTI-OBJECTIVE FRAMEWORK UNDER UNCERTAINTY |
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Designing chemical processes for environment requires consideration of several indexes of environmental impact including ozone depletion and global warming potentials, human and aq...
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Preventing Pollution from Biofuels Through A Knowledge Based Approach to Composition and Transport |
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The US has been subject to unexpected and costly fuel-related contamination problems. The composition, properties and behavior of fuels in the environment is problematic because th...
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Production of Methane During Anaerobic Degradation of Ethanol in Gasoline |
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Field and laboratory studies show that the natural biodegradation of benzene may be inhibited by the presence of ethanol. Preferential biodegradation of ethanol can consume electr...
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REACTION OF BENZENE OXIDE WITH THIOLS INCLUDING GLUTATHIONE |
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This study accounts for the observations that the metabolism of benzene is dominated by the formation of phenol. As demonstrated here, the pathway leading to S-phenylmercapturic ac...
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REACTION OF OZONE WITH ISOLATED AQUATIC FULVIC ACID |
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Aquatic fulvic acid, isolated from a North Carolina bay lake, was reacted with ozone, an alternative oxidant in drinking water treatment. Ozonated samples were acidified, extracted...
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REACTIONS OF DISSOLVED POLLUTANTS WITH OZONE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS |
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This research was undertaken to investigate kinetics of liquid phase oxidation of selected hydrocarbons by ozone. Rate constants and orders of the ozonation reactions in aqueous so...
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REACTIONS OF H, O, OH, AND HO2 RADICALS WITH CYCLOPENTADIENE: REACTIONS RELATIVE TO COMBUSTION AND OXIDATION OF BENZENE. (R824970) |
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The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoi...
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REAL TIME, ON-LINE CHARACTERIZATION OF DIESEL GENERATOR AIR TOXIC EMISSIONS BY RESONANCE ENHANCED MULTI-PHOTON IONIZATION TIME OF FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY |
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The laser based resonance, enhanced multi-photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (REMPI-TOFMS) technique has been applied to the exhaust gas stream of a diesel generato...
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REAL-TIME EMISSION CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANIC AIR TOXIC POLLUTANTS DURING STEADY STATE AND TRANSIENT OPERATION OF A MEDIUM DUTY DIESEL ENGINE |
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An on-line monitoring method, jet resonance-enhanced multi-photon ionization (REMPI) with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) was used to measure emissions of organic air toxi...
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RECENT ADVANCES IN MEASURING EXHALED BREATH AND ESTIMATING BODY BURDEN FOR VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCS) |
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Measurement of VOCs in human breath has the promise of identifying important routes of exposure and relating exposure to body burden. ver the past decade, such measurements have be...
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RECOVERY OF PRINCIPAL ORGANIC HAZARDOUS CONSTITUENTS AND PRODUCTS OF INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION FROM A VOLATILE ORGANIC SAMPLING TRAIN |
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The report describes an investigation of the recovery efficiencies of selected principal organic hazardous constituents (POHCs) from the Volatile Organic Sampling Train (VOST) unde...
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REDUCTIONS IN HUMAN BENZENE EXPOSURE IN THE CALIFORNIA SOUTH COAST AIR BASIN. (R827352C004) |
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Benzene typically contributes a significant fraction of the human cancer risk associated with exposure to urban air pollutants. In recent years, concentrations of benzene in amb...
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ATP (ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE) CONTENT OF SUBSURFACE MATERIAL AND THE RATE OF BIODEGRADATION OF ALKYLBENZENES AND CHLOROBENZENE |
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The rate of biotransformation of toluene in unconsolidated subsurface material from sites at Lula, Oklahoma, USA and Conroe, Texas, USA was compared to the ATP (adenosine triphosph...
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RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LEVELS OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN AIR AND BLOOD FROM THE GENERAL POPULATION |
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Background: The relationships between levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in blood and air have not been well characterized in the general population where exposure concen...
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REMOVAL OF CHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL CONTAMINANTS IN DRINKING WATER - WATTS PREMIER M-2400 POINT-OF-ENTRY REVERSE OSMOSIS DRINKINGWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM |
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The Watts Premier M-2400 POE RO Drinking Water Treatment System was tested at the NSF Drinking Water Treatment Systems Laboratory for removal of the viruses fr and MS2, the bacteri...
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REMOVAL OF SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN DRINKING WATER: RASCO, INC. ADVANCED SIMULTANEOUS OXIDATION PROCESS (ASOP) |
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The RASco, Inc. ASOP Drinking Water Treatment Module was tested at NSF’s Laboratory for the reduction of the following chemicals of concern: aldicarb, benzene, carbofuran, chlorof...
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RESEARCH BRIEFING ON DEVELOPMENT OF A SUB-SLAB AIR SAMPLING PROTOCOL |
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Vapor intrusion is defined as the migration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into occupied buildings from contaminated soil or ground water. EPA recently developed guidance to...
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RETROSPECTIVE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION ON IN SITU BIOREMEDIATION: SITE CHARACTERIZATION |
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Performance of in situ bioremediation was demonstrated at a shallow water site with subsurface contamination of used crankcase oil, diesel fuel, gasoline, and other oily phase prod...
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ROLE OF TIME AS A FACTOR IN THE TOXICITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS IN INTERMITTENT AND CONTINUOUS EXPOSURES. PART I. EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS EXPOSURE |
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Because of fluctuation in levels of industrial air pollution linked to weather and other factors, a joint U.S.-Soviet research team studied differences in the effect of time in exp...
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ROLE OF TIME AS A FACTOR IN THE TOXICITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS IN INTERMITTENT AND CONTINUOUS EXPOSURES. PART II. EFFECTS OF INTERMITTENT EXPOSURE |
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Because of fluctuations in levels of industrial air pollution linked to weather and other factors, a joint U.S.-Soviet research team studied differences in the effect of time in ex...
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SAMPLING-BASED APPROACH TO INVESTIGATING VAPOR INTRUSION |
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Vapor intrusion is defined as the migration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into occupied buildings from contaminated soil or ground water. EPA recently developed guidance to...
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SEASONAL IMPACT OF BLENDING OXYGENATED ORGANICS WITH GASOLINE IN MOTOR VEHICLE TAILPIPE AND EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS |
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The evaporative and exhaust emissions from a 1988 GM Corsica with adaptive learning were measured with 4 fuels at 40 degrees F, 75 degrees F, and 90 degrees F. Test fuels were unle...
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SEMINAR PUBLICATION: ORGANIC AIR EMISSIONS FROM WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES |
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The organic chemicals contained in wastes processed during waste management operations can volatilize into the atmosphere and cause toxic or carcinogenic effects or contribute to o...
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SIGNIFICANCE OF AN ANAEROBIC PROCESSES FOR THE INTRINSIC BIOREMEDIATION OF FUEL HYDROCARBONS |
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Intrinsic remediation is an innovative remedial approach that relies on natural attenuation to remediate contaminants dissolved in ground water. Mechanisms of natural attenuation ...
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SIMULATING URBAN AIR TOXICS OVER CONTINENTAL AND URBAN SCALES |
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The US EPA is evaluating a version of the CMAQ model to support risk assessment for the exposure to Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs). The model uses a variant of the CB4 chemical m...
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SLURRY-BASED BIOTREATMENT OF POLYARYL CONTAMINANTS SORBED ONTO SOIL |
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Whole soil samples were obtained from a site immediately adjacent to an impoundment used for disposal of still bottom residue from a benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX) production p...
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SMOG CHAMBER STUDIES OF SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOLS FROM IRRADIATED HYDROCARBONS UNDER AMBIENT CONDITIONS |
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Understanding the physics and chemistry of aerosols is fundamental to evaluating health risks and developing and evaluating atmospheric models. However, as noted in a recent NRC ...
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SOIL SORPTION OF ORGANIC VAPORS AND EFFECTS OF HUMIDITY ON SORPTIVE MECHANISM AND CAPACITY |
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Vapor sorption isotherms on dry Woodburn soil at 20-30C were determined for benzene, chlorobenzene, p-dichlorobenzene, m-dichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, and water as singl...
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SOIL SORPTION OF VOLATILE AND SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN A MIXTURE |
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Studies were conducted to evaluate lipophilicity as a predictor of sorption for a mixture of organic compounds with high vapor pressures commonly present at hazardous waste sites. ...
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SOIL-GAS MEASUREMENT FOR DETECTION OF SUBSURFACE ORGANIC CONTAMINATION |
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The Lockheed Gas Analysis System (LGAS) grab-sampling method and the PETREX Static Surface Trapping Pyrolysis/Mass Spectrometry (SST-Py/MS) passive sampling technique for soil-gas ...
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SOLUBILIZATION OF NON-POLAR COMPOUNDS BY NON-IONIC SURFACTANT MICELLES |
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The distribution of non-polar hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) between various surfactant micellar psuedophases and water is examined. xperimental measurements have been made w...
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SOLVENT-FREE FACILE SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL α-TOSYLOXY β-KETO SULFONES USING [HYDROXY(TOSYLOXY)IODO]BENZENE |
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A facile, general and high yielding protocol for the synthesis of novel α-tosyloxy β-keto sulfones is described utilizing relatively non-toxic, [hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene, unde...
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SORPTION HYSTERESIS OF BENZENE IN CHARCOAL PARTICLES. (R825959) |
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The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoi...
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SORPTION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC SOLVENTS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION ONTO SUBSURFACE SOLIDS |
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Sorption isotherms for tetrachloroethene on low-carbon subsurface core samples were linear to equilibrium solution concentrations of 2 mg L-1. Concentrations above this value produ...
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SOURCE ASSESSMENT: ACRYLIC ACID MANUFACTURE; STATE-OF-THE-ART |
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This report summarizes data on air emissions from the production of acrylic acid. Hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxide are emitted from various operations. Hydrocarbon...
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SOURCE ASSESSMENT: COAL REFUSE PILES, ABANDONED MINES AND OUTCROPS, STATE-OF-THE-ART |
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This report describes a study of atmospheric emissions from coal refuse piles, abandoned mines, and outcrops. The potential environmental effect of the source was evaluated using s...
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SOURCE CONTROL BY HYDROLOGICAL ISOLATION: APPLICATION OF THE ANKENY MOAT |
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Treatment of NAPLs as source areas for plumes of contamination in ground water has proven problematic under certain regulatory programs. Under the EPA risk management paradigm, hy...
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SPATIAL AND SOURCE TYPE DISTRIBUTION OF EMISSIONS OF SELECTED TOXIC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1990 |
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The annual anthropogenic emission, principal contributing source types, and spatial distributions for selected toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCS) are presented for the United ...
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SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY IN ACROLEIN AND SELECT VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN DETROIT, MICHIGAN |
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The variability in outdoor concentrations of acrolein, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX), and 1,3-butadiene was examined for data measured during summer 2004 of the...
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SPECIES COMPARISON OF HEPATIC AND PULMONARY METABOLISM OF BENZENE. (R826191) |
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AbstractBenzene is an occupational hazard and environmental toxicant found in cigarette smoke, gasoline, and the chemical industry. The major health concern associated ...
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SPRINGTIME SPATIAL CONCENTRATION GRADIENTS OF NITROGEN DIOXIDE AND VOLATILE ORGANIC SPECIES IN THE EL PASO CHILDREN'S HEALTH STUDY |
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Each year, over 18 million vehicles cross the international border between El Paso, TX (USA) and Ciudad Juarez (Mexico). The border traffic congestion, as well as the more typical...
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STABILITY OF HEMOGLOBIN AND ALBUMIN ADDUCTS OF BENZENE OXIDE AND 1,4-BENZOQUINONE AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF BENZENE TO F344 RATS |
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The stability of cysteinyl adducts of benzene oxide (BO) and mono-S-substituted cysteinyl adducts of 1,4-benzoquinone (1,4-BQ) was investigated in both hemoglobin (Hb) and albumi...
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STABILITY OF PARTS-PER-BILLION HAZARDOUS ORGANIC CYLINDER GASES AND PERFORMANCE AUDIT RESULTS OF SOURCE TEST AND AMBIENT AIR MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS. STATUS REPORT 1 |
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A repository of 14 gaseous organic compounds at parts-per-billion (ppb) levels in compressed gas cylinders has been established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). T...
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STABILITY OF PARTS-PER-BILLION HAZARDOUS ORGANIC CYLINDER GASES AND PERFORMANCE AUDIT RESULTS OF SOURCE TEST AND AMBIENT AIR MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS. STATUS REPORT 2 |
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A repository of 22 gaseous organic compounds at parts-per-billion (ppb) levels in compressed gas cylinders has been established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). T...
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STABILITY OF PPB HAZARDOUS ORGANIC CYLINDER GASES AND PERFORMANCE AUDIT RESULTS OF SOURCE TEST AND AMBIENT AIR MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS--STATUS REPORT #5 |
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An evaluation of 29 gaseous organic compounds at PPB levels incompressed gas cylinders was conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Primary objectives of this o...
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STATUS ASSESSMENT OF TOXIC CHEMICALS: BENZENE |
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Benzene is one of the most ubiquitous organic chemicals, widely employed as a solvent, as a fuel component, and for the synthesis of other organic chemicals. This report details th...
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STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP STUDIES ON THE TOXICITIES OF BENZENE DERIVATIVES: 1. AN ADDITIVITY MODEL |
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A quantitative structure-activity analysis was performed on a series of substituted benzenes for which toxicity values have been obtained over 96 h in the fathead minnow. The autho...
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STUDIES ON ADSORPTION OF 2-CHLORO BIPHENYL ON SEDIMENTS AND SEDIMENT COMPONENTS |
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Polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs, are a family of 209 structurally related chemical compounds (congeners), consisting of two benzene rings and 1 to 10 chlorine atoms. They range ...
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SUPERFUND INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION (SITE) PROGRAM EVALUATION REPORT FOR ANTOX BTX WATER SCREEN (BTX IMMUNOASSAY) |
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The results of a demonstration of a portable say for the detection of benzene, toluene, and xylene(s) (BTX) are described in this report. he BTX say was developed by Antox, Inc., (...
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SUPPLEMENT TO EPA COMPENDIUM METHOD TO-15 - REDUCTION OF METHOD DETECTION LIMITS TO MEET VAPOR INTRUSION MONITORING NEEDS |
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The Supplement to EPA Compendium Method TO-15 provides guidance for reducing the method detection limit (MDL) for the compound 1,1-dichloroethene (1,1-DCE) and for other volatile...
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SUPPLEMENT TO EPA COMPENDIUM METHOD TO-15 - REDUCTION OF METHOD DETECTION LIMITS TO MEET VAPOR INTRUSION MONITORING NEEDS |
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The Supplement to EPA Compendium Method TO-15 provides guidance for reducing the method detection limit (MDL) for the compound 1,1- dichloroethene (1,1-DCE) and for other volatil...
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SYNTHESIS OF AROMATIC POLYIMIDES FOR USE AS SOLID SORBENTS |
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High surface area, highly sorbent, polyimide powders designed to replace or complement Tenax G-C were obtained in high yield from pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 4,4'-diaminodi...
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SYNTHESIS, REACTIVITY, AND CATALYTIC BEHAVIOR OF IRON/ZINC-CONTAINING SPECIES INVOLVED IN OXIDATION OF HYDROCARBONS UNDER GIF-TYPE CONDITIONS. (R823377) |
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The present study explores the nature and reactivity of iron- and zinc-containing species
generated in hydrocarbon-oxidizing Gif(IV)-type solutions Fe catalyst/Zn/O-2 in pyridin...
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So What? Practical Guidance for Regulators and Consultants |
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Ethanol in gasoline can have at least three significant effects on the quality of ground water. The ethanol can change the concentration of benzene in contact with the spilled gas...
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Some Environmental Consequences of a Release of Ethanol to Ground Water |
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Estimates on the concentration of ethanol in ground water as a result of a spill of gasoline containing 10% to 15% ethanol vary from approximately 4,000 mg/L to 15,000 mg/L.
Pub...
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TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF BENZENE EXPOSURES FOR RESIDENTS IN SEVERAL NEW JERSEY HOMES WITH ATTACHED GARAGES OR TOBACCO SMOKE |
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The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) previous TEAM studies of personal exposure to VOCs for 700 residents in several U.S. cities found that indoor air concentrations we...
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TERMINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTOR MASS BALANCE: LIGHT NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUIDS AND NATURAL ATTENUATION |
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Nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in subsurface systems contain a relatively large amount of biodegradable organic material. During the biochemical oxidation of the organic compoun...
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TERMINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTOR MASS BALANCE: LIGHT NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUIDS AND NATURAL ATTENUATION: JOURNAL ARTICLE |
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NRMRL-ADA- 01305
Huling*, S.G., Pivetz, B., and Stransky, R. Terminal Electron Acceptor Mass Balance: Light Nonaqueous Phase Liquids and Na...
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THE APPLICATION OF BIOMONITORING DATA IN RISK ASSESSMENT: AN EXPANDED CASE-STUDY WITH BENZENE |
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Improved analytical methods permit the measurement of low levels of chemicals in human tissues. Despite evidence that chemicals are absorbed, it is unclear whether the relatively ...
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THE DISTRIBUTION OF EDB, BENZENE, AND 1,2-DCA AT GASOLINE SPILL SITES |
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With assistance from the Association of State and Territorial Air and Solid Waste Management Officials (ASTSWMO), the U.S. EPA Office of Underground Storage Tanks (OUST) and the U....
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THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS ON HUMAN HEALTH |
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Humans and animals have always been exposed to chemicals in our environments - natural products in foods, smoke from cooking fires, sewage in drinking water, pesticides from plants...
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THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS ON HUMAN HEALTH -- USCF |
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Humans and animals have always been exposed to chemicals in our environment - natural products in foods, smoke from cooking fires, sewage in drinking water, pesticides from plants....
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THE EFFECTS OF EQUIVALENCE RATIO ON THE FORMATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS AND SOOT IN PREMIXED ETHANE FLAMES. (R825412) |
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AbstractThe formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and soot has been investigated in atmospheric-pressure, laminar, ethane/oxygen/argon premixed flames as ...
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THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF A RELEASE OF ETHANOL AT A UST SITE |
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Ethanol from gasoline (E10 and E85) is expected to produce ethanol concentrations in ground water in the range of 4,000 to 15,000 mg/L. In this range of concentrations, ethanol ca...
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THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF A RELEASE OF ETHANOL TO GROUND WATER |
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The theoretical concentration of ethanol in ground water from a spill of gasoline containing ethanol at 25% will be near 5,000 mg/L. At many sites, the concentration of ethanol wi...
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THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF A RELEASE OF ETHANOL TO GROUND WATER |
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The theoretical concentration of ethanol in ground water from a spill of gasoline containing ethanol at 25% will be near 5,000 mg/L. At many sites, the concentration of ethanol wi...
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THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF A RELEASE OF ETHANOL TO GROUND WATER-POSTER PRESENTATION |
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Estimates on the concentration of ethanol in ground water as a result of a spill of gasoline containing 10% to 15% ethanol vary from approximately 4,000 mg/L to 15,000 mg/L.
Pub...
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THE EPA LEAD SCAVENGER STUDY |
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With assistance from the Association of State and Territorial Air and Solid Waste Management Officials (ASTSWMO), the U.S. EPA Office of Underground Storage Tanks (OUST) and the U....
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THE GAS PHASE REACTION OF OZONE WITH 1,3-BUTADIENE: FORMATION YIELDS OF SOME TOXIC PRODUCTS. (R826236) |
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The formation yields of acrolein, 1,2-epoxy-3-butene and OH radicals have been measured from reaction of ozone with 1,3-butadiene at room temperature and atmosphere pressure. 1,...
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THE INFLUENCE OF THE GASOLINE OXYGENATE ETHANOL ON AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC BTX BIODEGRADATION. (R823420) |
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Ethanol is frequently found along with benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX) in groundwater contaminated with gasoline. Yet, little is known about its effect on bioremediation of the...
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THE NATIONAL HUMAN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT SURVEY (NHEXAS) STUDY IN ARIZONA-INTRODUCTION AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS |
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The objective of the National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) in Arizona is to determine the multimedia distribution of total human exposure to environmental pollutants i...
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THE ON-SITE ON-LINE TOOL FOR SITE ASSESSMENT CALCULATIONS |
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State and Federal Agency personnel often receive modeling reports with undocumented parameter values. The reports give parameter values, but often no indication if the value was me...
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THE OZONE REACTION WITH BUTADIENE: FORMATION OF TOXIC PRODUCTS. (R826236) |
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AbstractThe formation yields of acrolein, 1,2-epoxy-3-butene and OH radicals have been measured from reaction of ozone with 1,3-butadiene at room temperature and atmosp...
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THE PHOTOCATALYTIC OXIDATION OF LOW CONCENTRATION MTBE ON TITANIUM DIOXIDE FROM GROUNDWATER IN A FALLING FILM REACTOR |
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This study focuses on three objectives: 1) to determine the feasibility of using a falling-film slurry photocatalytic reactor for the degradation of MTBE in water, 2) to assess the...
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THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF THE VADOSE ZONE IN MULTIMEDIA RISK ASSESSMENT MODELING APPLIED AT A NATIONAL SCALE: AN ANALYSIS OF BENZENE USING 3MRA |
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Evaluating uncertainty and parameter sensitivity in environmental models can be a difficult task, even for low-order, single-media constructs driven by a unique set of site-specifi...
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THE ROLE OF CHLORINE IN DIOXIN FORMATION |
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There is poor correlation between total chlorine in waste streams and formation of polychlorinated dibenzodioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) during waste combustion. ...
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THE TIME-COURSE AND SENSITIVITY OF MUCONIC ACID AS A BIOMARKER FOR HUMAN ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO BENZENE |
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Preliminary results are presented that show the effect of an increased benzene exposure on the urinary elimination of trans,trans-muconic acid (MA) for an adult male. These results...
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THE TRANSPORT AND FATE OF ETHANOL AND BTEX IN GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATED BY GASOHOL. (R821114) |
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Ethanol is used a component in all gasoline in Brazil, and its use could increase significantly in the U.S. to meet the requirements of the Clean Air Act Amendments. Recent prob...
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THE USE OF NON-TUMOR DATA IN CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT: REFLECTIONS ON BENZENE, BUTADIENE AND VINYL CHLORIDE |
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1.0 Introduction. Quantitative estimation of human cancer risk from exposure to chemicals has traditionally been almost exclusively based on tumor incidence in experimental...
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THE USE OF TEDLAR BAGS TO CONTAIN GASEOUS BENZENE SAMPLES AT SOURCE-LEVEL CONCENTRATIONS |
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Tedlar bags have been evaluated as containers for gaseous benzene samples for use in EPA Method 111 - Determination of Benzene from Stationary Sources. When such bags were used for...
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THEORETICAL STUDIES OF THE STRUCTURE OF CROWDED POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS |
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The three dimensional molecular structure of a xenobiotic is an important factor in its interaction with biomolecular targets. [n this paper, we use the methods of computational ch...
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TOXIC ORGANIC EMISSIONS FROM SYNFUELS AND RELATED INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS |
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The report gives results of an examination of the potential for toxic organic emissions from synfuels wastewater treatment systems. The synthetic fuels facilities examined were coa...
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TOXIC POLLUTANTS IN URBAN WET-WEATHER FLOWS: AN OVERVIEW OF THE MULTI-MEDIA TRANSPORT, IMPACTS, AND CONTROL MEASURES |
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This paper presents an overview of the transport of toxic pollutants through multiple media and drainage systems in the urban watershed during wet-weather periods. It includes the ...
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TOXIC SUBSTANCE REMOVAL IN ACTIVATED SLUDGE AND PAC (POWDERED ACTIVATED CARBON) TREATMENT SYSTEMS |
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The effectiveness of adding powdered activated carbon to activated sludge systems was evaluated for enhanced removal of specific toxic organic compounds. Nine organic compounds enc...
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TOXICITY OF CHLORINATED BENZENES TO FATHEAD MINNOWS ('PIMEPHALES PROMELAS') |
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The toxicities of several chlorinated benzene compounds to fathead minnows were determined. Generally both acute and chronic toxicity values decreased and the tissue concentration ...
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TOXICITY OF DIBUTYL PHTHALATE-CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT TO LABORATORY- AND FIELD-COLONIZED ESTUARINE BENTHIC COMMUNITIES |
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Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), one of a large class of alkyl esters of 1,2-benzene dicarboxylic acid, is used widely in the United States and other countries as a plasticizer for epoxy a...
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TOXICITY, BIOCONCENTRATION, AND METABOLISM OF THE HERBICIDE PROPANIL (3',4'-DICHLOROPROPIONANILIDE) IN FRESHWATER FISH |
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Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed to technical grade propanil (3',4'-dichloropropionanilide) in a flow-through diluter system to determine acute lethality. LC50 va...
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TRANSPORT |
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Presentation outline: transport principles, effective solubility; gasoline composition; and field examples (plume diving).
Presentation conclusions: MTBE transport follows fr...
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TREATMENT OF DRINKING WATER CONTAINING TRICHLOROETHYLENE AND RELATED INDUSTRIAL SOLVENTS |
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Volatile chlorinated and non-chlorinated compounds occur in both untreated and treated drinking water. Because volatilization is restricted, ground waters rather than surface water...
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TREATMENT OF METHYL TERT-BUTYL ETHER CONTAMINATED WATER USING PHOTOCATALYSIS |
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The feasibility of photo-oxidation treatment of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in water was investigated in three ways, 1) using a slurry falling film photo-reactor, 2) a batch sol...
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TREATMENT OF URBAN STORMWATER FOR DISSOLVED POLLUTANTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THREE NATURAL ORGANIC MEDIA |
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The feasibility of using hard and soft wood tree mulch and processed jute fiber, as filter media, for treating mixtures of dissolved pollutants (toxic organic compounds and heavy m...
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TREATMENT OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN DRINKING WATER |
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Volatile chlorinated and non-chlorinated compounds occur in both untreated and treated drinking water. Because volatilization is restricted, ground waters rather than surface water...
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TUNABLE ATOMIC LINE MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY OF BENZENE: SIGNALS WITH HG 253.7 NM AND CO 252.8 NM LINES |
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A method of locating appropriate atomic emission lines for the detection of complex molecules, e.g. benzene, with the TALMS technique is described. Atomic emission spectra are supe...
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The Effect of Environmental Chemicals on Human Health -- CJA |
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Humans and animals have always been exposed to chemicals in our environment - natural products in foods, smoke from cooking fires, sewage in drinking water, pesticides from plants....
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Treatment Of Groundwater Contaminated With PAHs, Gasoline Hydrocarbons, And Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether In A Laboratory Biomass-Retaining Bioreactor |
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In this study, we investigated the treatability of co-mingled groundwater contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), gasoline hydrocarbons, and methyl tert-b...
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U.S. GASOLINE COMPOSITION STUDY |
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This presentation presents results from a 2004/2005 study of U.S. gasoline composition. Differences in composition are driven by regulation, octane requirements, refining methods, ...
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U.S.-MEXICO BORDER PROGRAM ARIZONA BORDER STUDY--STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR USE OF A PASSIVE SAMPLING DEVICE FOR THE COLLECTION OF AIRBORNE VOCS AT FIXED INDOOR AND OUTDOOR SITES (UA-F-12.1) |
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the methods used to sample residential indoor and outdoor atmospheres for the presence of certain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by means ...
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ULTRASONICALLY INDUCED DEGRADATION OF MICROCYSTIN-LR AND -ER: IDENTIFICATION OF PRODUCTS, EFFECTS OF PH, FORMATION AND DESTRUCTION OF PEROXIDES |
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Microcystins (MCs) are a family of toxic peptides produced by a number of cyanobacteria commonly found in lakes, water reservoirs, and recreational facilities. The increased eutrop...
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UNCERTAINTY AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSES FOR INTEGRATED HUMAN HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL |
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While there is a high potential for exposure of humans and ecosystems to chemicals released from hazardous waste sites, the degree to which this potential is realized is often unce...
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UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK SITE CLOSURE USING ACTIVE INTERVENTION FOR SITE CLEANUP |
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The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 mandate seasonal or year-round use of oxygenated compounds in gasoline in certain areas of the country. Methyl t-butyl ether (MtBE) has been th...
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UPDATED HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENT FOR BENZENE |
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This report summarizes and evaluates information relevant to a preliminary Interim assessment of adverse health effects associated with specific chemicals or compounds. The Office ...
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USE OF BENZOATE TO ESTABLISH REACTIVE BUFFER ZONES FOR ENHANCED ATTENUATION OF BTX MIGRATION: AQUIFER COLUMN EXPERIMENTS (R823420) |
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Flow-through aquifer columns were used to evaluate the efficacy of using benzoate as a biostimulatory substrate to enhance the aerobic biodegradation of benzene, toluene, and o-...
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USING BIOPLUME IV TO MODEL SUSTAINABILITY OF MNA |
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At most sites where Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) has been selected as a remedy for ground water contamination, dilution and dispersion are not the primary mechanisms respons...
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USING CANINES IN SOURCE DETECTION OF INDOOR AIR POLLUTANTS |
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Dogs have been used extensively in law enforcement and military applications to detect narcotics and explosives for over thirty years. Dogs are regularly used in arson investigati...
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USING CANINES IN SOURCE DETECTION OF INDOOR AIR POLLUTANTS EPA SCIENCE FORUM |
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Scent detection dogs have been used extensively in law enforcement and military applications to detect narcotics and explosives for over thirty years. Controlled laboratory studies...
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USING CMAQ FOR EXPOSURE MODELING AND CHARACTERIZING THE SUB-GRID VARIABILITY FOR EXPOSURE ESTIMATES |
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Atmospheric processes and the associated transport and dispersion of atmospheric pollutants are known to be highly variable in time and space. Current air quality models that chara...
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USING SUBSURFACE TRANSPORT RESEARCH TO ACHIEVE AGENCY OUTCOMES |
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Gasoline leaks from underground storage tanks can cause ground water contamination because there are a number of organic chemicals in gasoline. These chemicals have varying proper...
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USING THE AIR QUALITY MODEL TO ANALYZE THE CONCENTRATIONS OF AIR TOXICS OVER THE CONTINENTAL U.S. |
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The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is examining the concentrations and deposition of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), which include a large number of chemicals, ranging from ...
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VAPOR-PHASE CRACKING AND WET OXIDATION AS POTENTIAL POLLUTANT CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR COAL GASIFICATION |
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The report gives results of an investigation of two techniques (hydrocracking of heavy organics in the raw gas prior to quency, and wet oxidation of the gasifier condensate) for po...
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VERIFICATION OF PORTABLE OPTICAL AND THERMAL IMAGING DEVICES FOR LEAK DETECTION AT PETROLEUM REFINERIES AND CHEMICAL PLANTS |
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Optical and thermal imaging devices are remote sensing systems that can be used to detect leaking gas compounds such as methane and benzene. Use of these systems can reduce fugitiv...
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VOCS IN AMBIENT AIR NEAR WORLD TRADE CENTER SITE |
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Beginning on September 22, 2001 and continuing through February 2002, ambient air samples were collected at three sites within a block of ground zero and at a fourth site on the ...
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VOLATILE ORGANIC ANALYSIS BY DIRECT AQUEOUS INJECTION |
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Gas chromatographic environmental analysis by direct aqueous injection (DAI) was studied for 24 volatile organic analytes (VOAs). Internal standardization was used to determine the...
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VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AS BREATH BIOMARKERS FOR ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SMOKING |
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Real-time breath measurement technology was used to investigate the suitability of some volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to serve as breath biomarkers for active and passive smo...
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VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN 600 U.S. HOMES: MAJOR SOURCES OF PERSONAL EXPOSURE |
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The USEPA carried out the Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM) Study (1980-85) on 600 subjects in five cities representing a total population of more than 700,000 persons. ...
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VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN INDOOR AIR: A SURVEY OF VARIOUS STRUCTURES |
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Co-workers collected indoor air samples in their homes in SUMMA polished canisters. Upon receipt in the laboratory, the whole air samples were analyzed for volatile organic compoun...
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VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN THE AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE OF THE NEW JERSEY, NEW YORK AREA |
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From 1979 through 1981 data were collected on selected volatile organics in the ambient atmosphere of New Jersey and New York. The sites selected included urban, suburban rural, an...
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VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS MEASURED IN DEARS PASSIVE SAMPLERS |
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A suite of 27 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were monitored in personal exposures, indoors and outdoors of participant's residences, and at a central community site during the D...
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VOLATILE ORGANIC HYDROCARBON AND ALDEHYDE COMPOSITION IN RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA DURING THE 1985 WOODSMOKE STUDY |
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Initial field tests for collection of volatile organic hydrocarbons and aldehydes under EPA's Integrated Air Cancer Project (IACP) were held in Raleigh, NC during the winter of 198...
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