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| 5.2 Definitions for Leading Causes of Death Reports | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| This section provides definitions of data elements in WISQARSTM Fatal's leading causes of death reports. The elements include census region / state of residence, year(s) of report, race, Hispanic origin, and sex. The advanced options include number of causes, categories of causes, and age group formatting. Also, leading causes of death reports allow you to access profiles of specific causes of injury according to intent (e.g., unintentional, suicide), and obtain the number of injury-related deaths by underlying-cause-of-death International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes. Leading causes of death reports list causes using abbreviated names. To ensure you understand the meaning of these names, check the tables displaying the WISQARS abbreviated names and their corresponding full names:
5.2.1 Data Element: Census Region / State of Residence Data reported by census region or state are based on where the deceased lived (state of residence). Census regions are as follows:
5.2.2 Data Element: Year(s) of Report You can request a leading causes of death report for data from 1999 and later or for 1981 to 1998. If you desire a report for a single year, enter the same year in both of the Year(s) of Report fields (e.g., 1997 to 1997). Be aware that selecting a large number of years at a time may require a long response time. Also, note that you cannot request a report for 1999 and later and any year from 1981 to 1998. The external cause of injury coding for 1999 and later years, based on the ICD-10 classification system, is notably different from external cause coding for 1998 and earlier years, based on the ICD-9 classification system. You may not be able to compare accurately numbers of deaths and death rates computed for some external causes of injury based on 1999 and later data to those based on data from 1998 and earlier. Consequently, use caution when doing trend analysis of numbers of deaths and death rates across these years. For more information, see Data Sources.
WISQARS Fatal reports race data in six categories:
For data from 1992 on, the Other Races category represents all non-white and non-black races and includes American Indian/Alaskan Native and Asian/Pacific Islander categories. For data prior to 1992, the All Other Races category applied to people who didn’t correspond to any of the other four categories and were limited to a few hundred cases per year (approximately 0.02%). Beginning in 1992, this category is imputed using the race category from the previous record. Because the All Other Races category was used before 1992, deaths from Other Races may not add up to the number of deaths for American Indian/Alaskan Native and Asian/Pacific Islander categories for the years prior to 1992.
5.2.4 Data Element: Hispanic Origin Hispanic origin includes persons of
Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central and South American, and
other or unknown Spanish origin. Persons of Hispanic
origin may be of any race. In February of 2002, NCHS discovered a problem with its underlying mortality data concerning the number of Hispanics in Alabama. In that year there were 127 deaths originally coded as Hispanics that should have been coded as Non-Hispanic (see reference). The 127 Hispanics represent approximately 60% of all the Hispanic deaths in Alabama for 1990. As a result, we have changed all the Hispanic Origin data to "Unknown" for Alabama for 1990. For more information, see Vital Statistics of the United States, 1990, Volume II, Mortality, Part A. Hispanic Origin data is missing or unknown for approximately 20% of the data from Connecticut for 1990. However this will not likely have a noticeable impact on the numbers reported. Additionally there was some miscoding of the underlying NCHS mortality data that was discovered for Connecticut in 1991. These miscodings concerned Mexicans who were coded as Puerto Ricans and Puerto Ricans who were coded as Mexicans (see reference). Since WISQARS reports ethnicity only as Hispanic, these miscoded data were not deemed to significantly impact the results from WISQARS. For more information, see Vital Statistics of the United States, 1990, Volume II, Mortality, Part A. All states provided Hispanic origin data at sufficient levels for comparability starting in 1997. Including a state's Hispanic origin data does not imply that Hispanic origin reporting for a state was at 100%, however. As a result, the number of deaths for Hispanics and non-Hispanics may not equal total deaths. The table below shows the states that did not provide sufficient reporting of Hispanic origin data and the year(s) that their Hispanic data are excluded.
When a state's data were excluded from analysis, both the population and the number of deaths were excluded from any calculation.
Options for the sex category are males only, females only, or both.
5.2.6 Data Element: Output Option The output option allows you to display your report in one of three formats: standard, printer-friendly, and text-only. The standard format provides links to additional information such as the total number of deaths and a breakdown of the types of death for a specific cause of injuries. The printer-friendly option does not provide these links and is geared for printing and/or downloading to your PC. The text only option provides the information without color coding but still has all of the links as the standard output option.
Number of Causes Categories of Causes Age Group Formatting
5.2.8 Profiles of Specific Causes of Injury In the report, specific unintentional injury, suicide, or homicide causes are hyperlinked. By clicking on a link, you can view more information about the number of deaths from the specific causes that comprise the overall category, also displayed by a bar chart. For instance, clicking on suicide deaths shows the number of deaths from subcategories such as cutting/piercing, fall, firearm, etc. and show a corresponding bar chart for the specific age group. From this output screens details on the underlying-cause-of0deaths ICD codes may be obtained by clicking on the colored boxes. (Note: Output screens use window pop-ups, For optimal performance, adjust browser settings to disable pop-up blockers. The preferred setting for displaying graphs and charts is 1024 X 768 pixels. For data prior to 1999, the subcategories are based on the Recommended Framework for Presenting Injury Mortality Data6 (Requires Adobe Acrobat). For data in 1999 and following, the subcategories are based on the ICD-10 injury mortality framework at www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/otheract/ice/projects.htm Also, the age group categories at the top of the report are hyperlinked. By clicking on a link, you can get the total number of deaths and the number of deaths for each cause in that age group.
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| 5.3 Definitions for Years of Potential Life Lost | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| This section provides definitions of data elements in WISQARS Fatal's years of potential life lost (YPLL) reports. The elements include census region / state of residence, year(s) of report, race, Hispanic origin, sex, and calculate YPLL from age. The advanced options include statistic reported, report subject, number of causes, and standard year (for age adjusting). YPLL reports list causes using abbreviated names. To ensure you understand the meaning of these names, check the tables displaying the WISQARS abbreviated names and their corresponding full names:
5.3.1 Data Element: Census Region / State of Residence Data reported by census region or state are based on where the deceased lived (state of residence). Census regions are as follows:
5.3.2 Data Element: Year(s) of Report You can request a YPLL report for data from 1999 and later or for 1981 to 1998. If you desire a report for a single year, enter the same year in both of the Year(s) of Report fields (e.g., 1997 to 1997). Be aware that selecting a large number of years at a time may require a long response time. Also, note that you cannot request a report for 1999 and later and any year from 1981 to 1998. The external cause of injury coding for 1999 and later, based on the ICD-10 classification system, is notably different from external cause coding for 1998 and earlier years, based on the ICD-9 classification system. You may not be able to compare numbers of deaths and deaths rates computed for some external causes of injury based on 1999 and later data to those based on data from 1998 and earlier. Consequently, use caution when doing trend analysis of numbers of deaths and death rates across these years. For more information, see Data Sources.
WISQARS Fatal reports race data in six categories:
For data from 1992 on, the Other Races category represents all non-white and non-black races and includes American Indian/Alaskan Native and Asian/Pacific Islander categories. For data prior to 1992, National Center of Health Statistics applied the All Other Races category in the pre-1992 data applied to people who didn’t correspond to any of the other four categories and were limited to a few hundred cases per year (approximately 0.02%). Beginning in 1992, this category is imputed using the race category from the previous record. Because the All Other Races category was used before 1992, deaths from Other Races may not add up to the number of deaths for American Indian/Alaskan Native and Asian/Pacific Islander categories for the years prior to 1992.
5.3.4 Data Element: Hispanic Origin Hispanic origin includes persons of
Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central and South American, and
other or unknown Spanish origin. Persons of Hispanic
origin may be of any race. In February of 2002, NCHS discovered a problem with its underlying mortality data concerning the number of Hispanics in Alabama. In that year there were 127 deaths originally coded as Hispanics that should have been coded as Non-Hispanic (see reference). The 127 Hispanics represent approximately 60% of all the Hispanic deaths in Alabama for 1990. As a result, we have changed all the Hispanic Origin data to "Unknown" for Alabama for 1990. For more information, see Vital Statistics of the United States, 1990, Volume II, Mortality, Part A. Hispanic Origin data is missing or unknown for approximately 20% of the data from Connecticut for 1990. However this will not likely have a noticeable impact on the numbers reported. Additionally there was some miscoding of the underlying NCHS mortality data that was discovered for Connecticut in 1991. These miscodings concerned Mexicans who were coded as Puerto Ricans and Puerto Ricans who were coded as Mexicans (see reference). Since WISQARS reports ethnicity only as Hispanic, these miscoded data were not deemed to significantly impact the results from WISQARS. For more information, see Vital Statistics of the United States, 1990, Volume II, Mortality, Part A. All states provided Hispanic origin data at sufficient levels for comparability starting in 1997. Including a state's Hispanic origin data does not imply that Hispanic origin reporting for a state was at 100%, however. As a result, the number of deaths for Hispanics and non-Hispanics may not equal total deaths.
The table below shows the states that did not provide sufficient reporting of Hispanic origin data and the year(s) that their Hispanic data are excluded.
When a state's data were excluded from analysis, both the population and the number of deaths were excluded from any calculation.
Options for the sex category are males only, females only, or both.
5.3.6 Data Element: Calculate YPLL from Age This option identifies the standard age from which the years of potential life lost (YPLL) is calculated. The default choice is 65. This option also offers older ages in five-year increments up to age 85 (70, 75, 80, 85). YPLL is calculated by subtracting the age at death from the standard year, and then summing the individual YPLL across each cause of death. For example, if three people died from a certain cause who were ages 2, 37, and 74, the YPLL-65 for that cause of death would be (65-2)+(65-37))=63+28=91. Note YPLL calculation does not include people who died at the standard age or older. For instance, choosing 65 as the standard age excludes people who died at age 65 or older from the calculation of YPLL-65. Statistic Reported Number of Causes Standard Year for
Age Adjusting Report Subject
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