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Disaster
Assistance
Disaster Preparedness Manual for the Aging Network
XII. Special Disaster Insights
A. CIVIL DISORDERS
I. Description
A civil disorder can be described as an open, armed display
of defiance or resistance to an established institution, which
is usually some form of government. Activities may be planned
or unplanned, are usually sporadic in nature, and result in injuries,
death, property damage and destruction. The geographic location
of the disorder may be large in area, but can usually be isolated.
Damage and destruction is usually targeted to public institutions
and commercial business districts, however, damage and destruction
has been know to occur in residential property districts.
Civil disorders usually occur as the result of some feeling
of injustice that has occurred in relation to a social issue,
e.g., war protests in the 1960's and 70's on university campuses,
racial protests in the 1960's in urban areas, student protest
in China in the early 1990's, reaction to police brutality in
1992, etc.
II. Disaster Preparedness
A. Purpose
To end the disorder and maintain basic infrastructure services
to the affected community(ies).
B. Emergency Operations Board/Emergency Preparedness Committee
1. Suggested composition/responsibilities -
a. Local representatives should include the following:
(1) Mayor/Manager/Board of Supervisor or
administrator of affected community(ies) - to provide coordination
of government relief
efforts at the local level.
(2) Public safety (police, fire) - to maintain
order, reduce injuries, death and property destruction.
(3) Utilities (gas, water, electricity) - to provide utility
service to the community when possible.
(4) Essential infrastructure services (public works/ building
engineers and inspectors) - to provide status regarding the use
of government owned buildings, particularly those necessary to
provide essential services.
(5) Public schools, parks department - to provide status regarding
use of buildings for provision of disaster relief services to
victims.
(6) Public transportation - to provide status of service to
affected and unaffected communities and/or portions thereof.
(7) Health care providers (e.g., large hospitals, trauma centers
or representative of the local hospital council to coordinate
services) - to treat injured.
(8) Area Agency on Aging (AAA) - to coordinate disaster relief
efforts for affected elderly.
(9) Coordinator of volunteer services to be provided by local
non essential government employees.
(10) Disaster relief organizations (e.g., Red Cross, Salvation
Army, Volunteers of America) - to coordinate and provide relief
of basic needs (e.g., food, shelter, clothing to victims).
(11) Other representatives should include the following (will
only be available after the disorder begins):
(a) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) staff - to provide
status of federal assistance during the civil disorder.
(b) State level emergency preparedness personnel - to provide
status of state assistance during the civil disorder.
2. Meetings
a. During the Disaster -
(1) May begin hourly for status reports and
taper as the situation is controlled.
b. Pre/post disaster -
(2) Minimum quarterly for update on related technology, reporting
systems, etc.
3. Equipment (recommended):
a. Cellular (preferred) or car phones - telephone lines may
not be functional.
b. Telephone/addresses of all emergency operations board/emergency
preparedness committee members (preferably on a personal electronic
organizer with hard copy back up. This should be maintained in
a secured manner, so as not to be subject to unauthorized access,
environment - dampness, etc.)
(1) Board/committee members should also
maintain this information on all service providers and other
critical contacts necessary
to coordinate disaster relief.
c. Directories of programs that
are administered by board/committee members should be provided
to all board/committee members for
coordination of service in and to affected areas. d. Transportation
(1) Transportation needs to be made available to all committee
members during the disorder to facilitate planning and service
provision if use/access to personal vehicles is not possible.
4. Education
a. Emergency Operations Board/Emergency Preparedness Committee.
(1) Regularly scheduled training efforts (at least biannual).
(a) Target audience
(i) Local government employees.
(ii) General community.
(b) Methods/minimum frequency
(i) Mock preparedness days/annually.
(ii) Disaster preparedness fairs/annually.
(iii) Printed material (may need to be translated into different
languages) biannually.
III. Disaster Relief Efforts -
Short range (1-2 days)
A. Needs
1. Should focus on critical needs of shelter, clothing, food
with consideration for safety of providers and recipients (police/national
guard escort may be necessary to provide services or to remove
residents from affected areas).
2. AAA Response
a. Determine affected community(ies) service areas, providers,
and senior residents.
(1) Contact network of providers of care and services for the
elderly.
(2) Current service providers (emergency
telephone and address contacts must be maintained for all
providers) may include: Critical
subcontractors, e.g., caterers; Telephone and address list
of all homebound program participants (IIIB, IIIC2 & IIID)
which should be updated regularly and maintained at AAA:
i) Senior housing facilities.
ii) Mobile homes.
iii) Residential care facilities for
the elderly, e.g., board & care
homes.
iv) Skilled nursing facility(ies)
B. Service Provision
1. Providers
a. Should focus on local mobilization of service providers,
e.g., Red Cross, Salvation Army.
2. Location
a. Shelters
3. AAA Response
a. Facilitate use of available and accessible focal points/senior
multipurpose centers (MPCs) as service locations in unaffected
areas.
4. Long range (3 days - end of disturbance)
a. Needs
Information and referral as it pertains to temporary housing
placement, food, transportation (particularly access to needs),
income, telephone reassurance
b. Service Provision
(1) Providers
(a) Federal and state government - FEMA, Department of Social
Services (DPSS).
(b) In addition to established disaster
relief agencies (e.g., Red Cross, Salvation Army), mobilization
of community based/private
providers of services activated solely to assist relief efforts
during this emergency (e.g., taxis, churches, restaurants,
caterers, etc.).
(i) Facilitate use and/or coordination
of community focal points/MPCs as sources of information, referral
and reassurance.
(2) Location
(a) Disaster Assistance Centers (DACs).
(b) AAA Effort
(i) Facilitate use and/or coordination of community focal points/MPCs
as DACs for affected elderly residents.
IV. Disaster Recovery Efforts
A. Needs
1. Information and referrals as it pertains to housing replacement,
replacement of personal possessions, business replacement, long
term employment (or permanent income source).
B. Service Providers
1. Housing Placement/Replacement -
(a) FEMA
(b) HUD
(c) SBA
2. Replacement of Personal Possessions -
(a) FEMA
(b) SBA
3. Employment -
(a) EDD (Information and Referral)
(b) AAA (Title V, NCOA)
(c) FEMA (under certain circumstances)
4. Business Replacement
(a) SBA
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