| Agent Name |
2,4-D |
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| Alternative Name |
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid |
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| CAS Number |
94-75-7 |
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| Formula |
C8-H6-Cl2-O3 |
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| Major Category |
Pesticides |
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| Synonyms |
Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; 2,4-D acid; Weedone-2,4-DP; 2,4-D Amine No.4; 2,4-D LV6; Amine 4 2,4-D Weed Killer;Asgrow 2,4-D amine 4; AsgrowAqua KD; DMA 4; Formula 40; Formula 40 4L; Helena 2,4-D; Low Vol 4 EsterWeed Killer; MCP amine; Standard 2,4-DAmine; Weedar 64; Weedar 64A;Agrotect; Amoxone; BH 2,4-D; Chloroxone; Crop Rider; Debroussaillant 600; Dormone; Emulsamine BK; Envert DT; Fernimine; Lawn-Keep; Miracle; WeedTox; Weedtrol; Amidox; B-Selektonon; Chipco turf herbicide ``D``; Crotilin; Dacamine; Dicopur; Dicotox; Ipaner; Monosan; Netagrone; Pennamine; Rhodia; U-5043; Verton; 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; [ChemFinder] |
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| Category |
Herbicides, Chlorophenoxy |
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| Description |
White to yellow, crystalline, odorless powder. [herbicide]; [NIOSH] |
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| Sources/Uses |
Used as a broadleaf herbicide; [EPA Pesticides, p. 94] |
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| Comments |
Poisoning by ingestion of large amounts of chlorophenoxy acids has been reported. Patients developed severe metabolic acidosis and multiple organ failure. [EPA Pesticides, p. 95] There is limited positive data that 2,4-D causes birth defects in experimental animals. The data from human studies for skeletal defects is strongly negative. [ATSDR Case Studies # 29] "Overall, it appears that the chlorophenoxy herbicides have led to little or no hepatic injury. Where sufficient occupational exposure seems to have led to hepatic abnormalities (e.g., toxic porphyria), the presumed chemical culprit has been the contaminating TCDD, rather than the herbicide per se." [Zimmerman, p. 415] |
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| Reference Link |
EXTOXNET - 2,4-D |
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| Exposure Assessment |
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| Skin Designation (ACGIH) |
No |
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| Bioaccumulates |
Yes |
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| TLV (ACGIH) |
10 mg/m3 |
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| PEL (OSHA) |
10 mg/m3 |
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| MAK |
1 mg/m3, inhalable fraction |
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| IDLH (NIOSH) |
100 mg/m3 |
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| Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs |
Human data: It has been reported that the lethal oral dose ranges from 80 to 800 mg/kg [Dalgaard-Mikkelsen and Poulsen 1962; Dudley and Thapar 1972]. [Note: Oral doses of 80 to 800 mg/kg are equivalent to a worker being exposed to about 3,700 to 37,000 mg/m3 for 30 minutes, assuming a breathing rate of 50 liters per minute and 100% absorption.] |
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| Vapor Pressure |
8.25 x 10 -05 mm Hg |
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| Half Life |
Whole body: 220 hours (reduced to 4-7 hours by urinary alkalinization); mean plasma 1/2 life: 12 hours; [TDR, p. 510] |
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| Adverse Effects |
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| Hepatotoxin |
Hepatotoxin, Secondary |
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| Reproductive Toxin |
Yes |
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| IARC Carcinogen |
Possible Carcinogen |
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| Links to Other NLM Databases |
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| Health Studies |
Human Health Effects from Hazardous Substances Data Bank: 2,4-D
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