Also called: Also called: Brain attack
A stroke is a medical emergency. Strokes happen when blood flow to your brain stops. Within minutes, brain cells begin to die. There are two kinds of stroke. The more common kind, called ischemic stroke, is caused by a blood clot that blocks or plugs a blood vessel in the brain. The other kind, called hemorrhagic stroke, is caused by a blood vessel that breaks and bleeds into the brain. "Mini-strokes" or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), occur when the blood supply to the brain is briefly interrupted.
Symptoms of stroke are
- Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg (especially on one side of the body)
- Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech
- Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes
- Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
- Sudden severe headache with no known cause
If you have any of these symptoms, you must get to a hospital quickly to begin treatment.
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
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Know Stroke: Know the Signs, Act in Time
(National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) - http://stroke.ninds.nih.gov/
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Strokes
(Patient Education Institute) - Requires Flash Player - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tutorials/strokes/htm/index.htm
Also available in Spanish http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/tutorials/strokesspanish/htm/index.htm -
What You Need to Know about Stroke(National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) - http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/stroke/stroke_needtoknow.htm
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Know Stroke. Know the Signs. Act in Time.(National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) - http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/stroke/knowstroke.htm
Also available in Spanish http://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/trastornos/ataque_cerebral.htm
- Stroke(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) - http://www.mayoclinic.com/print/stroke/DS00150/DSECTION=all&METHOD=print
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Stroke(National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) - Short Summary - http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/stroke/stroke.htm
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Stroke: Hope through Research(National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) - http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/stroke/detail_stroke.htm
Also available in Spanish http://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/trastornos/accidente_cerebrovascular.htm
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Stroke: Warning Signs and Tips for Prevention(American Academy of Family Physicians) - http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common/heartdisease/basics/290.printerview.html
Also available in Spanish http://familydoctor.org/online/famdoces/home/common/heartdisease/basics/290.printerview.html
- 3-D MRI Helps Detect Patients at High Risk for Stroke(09/16/2008, HealthDay) - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_69355.html
- Stem Cells Ease Stroke-Like Brain Damage in Mice(09/15/2008, HealthDay) - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_69303.html
- Later Use of Clot-Buster After Stroke Possible(09/15/2008, HealthDay) - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_69259.html
- More News on Stroke http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alphanews_s.html#stroke
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Carotid Ultrasound(National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) - http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/cu/cu_whatis.html
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Carotid Ultrasound Imaging(American College of Radiology, Radiological Society of North America) - http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=us-carotid
Also available in Spanish http://www.radiologyinfo.org/sp/info.cfm?pg=us-carotid
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Catheter Angiography(American College of Radiology, Radiological Society of North America) - http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=angiocath
Also available in Spanish http://www.radiologyinfo.org/sp/info.cfm?pg=angiocath
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Functional MR Imaging (fMRI): Brain(American College of Radiology, Radiological Society of North America) - http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=fmribrain
Also available in Spanish http://www.radiologyinfo.org/sp/info.cfm?pg=fmribrain
- Hypertensive Crisis: What Are the Symptoms?(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) - http://www.mayoclinic.com/print/hypertensive-crisis/AN00626/METHOD=print
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Know Stroke: Know the Signs, Act in Time Video
(National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) - http://www.stroke.ninds.nih.gov/materials/knowstrokevideo.htm
- Stroke Diagnosis(Washington University, School of Medicine) - http://www.strokecenter.org/pat/diagnosis/index.htm
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Stroke Risk Factors and Symptoms(National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) - http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/stroke/stroke_bookmark.htm
Also available in Spanish http://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/trastornos/apoplejia.htm
- Brain Attack: A Look at Stroke Prevention and Treatment(Food and Drug Administration) - http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2005/205_stroke.html
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Neurosurgery - What Is It?(Patient Education Institute) - Requires Flash Player - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tutorials/whatisneurosurgery/htm/index.htm
Also available in Spanish http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/tutorials/whatisneurosurgeryspanish/htm/index.htm
- Non-Surgical Procedures Open Blocked Arteries to Prevent and Treat Stroke(Society of Interventional Radiology) - http://www.sirweb.org/patients/stroke/
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Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA)(American Heart Association) - http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4751
Also available in Spanish http://es.aha.drtango.com/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4751
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What Are Anticoagulants and Antiplatelet Agents?
(American Heart Association) - Links to PDF - http://www.americanheart.org/downloadable/heart/1196965757160AnticoagandAntiplat.pdf
- ABCs of Preventing Heart Disease, Stroke and Heart Attack(American Heart Association) - http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=3035374
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Brain Basics: Preventing Stroke(National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) - http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/stroke/preventing_stroke.htm
Also available in Spanish http://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/trastornos/previniendo_la_apoplejia.htm
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Carotid Endarterectomy(Patient Education Institute) - Requires Flash Player - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tutorials/carotidendarterectomy/htm/index.htm
Also available in Spanish http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/tutorials/carotidendarterectomyspanish/htm/index.htm
- Carotid Endarterectomy and Stenosis(American Association of Neurological Surgeons) - http://www.neurosurgerytoday.org/what/patient_e/carotid.asp
- Carotid Stenting(Society for Vascular Surgery) - http://www.vascularweb.org/patients/NorthPoint/Carotid_Stenting.html
- Daily Aspirin Therapy: Understand the Benefits and Risks(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) - http://www.mayoclinic.com/print/daily-aspirin-therapy/HB00073/METHOD=print
- hs-CRP (High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein)(American Association for Clinical Chemistry) - http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/hscrp/test.html
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Questions and Answers about Carotid Endarterectomy(National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) - http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/stroke/carotid_endarterectomy_backgrounder.htm
- Reducing Your Risk of Stroke: Don't Wait for It to Happen to You(American Heart Association, American College of Physicians) - Links to PDF - http://www.acponline.org/patients_families/pdfs/health/stroke.pdf
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Stroke(National Institute on Aging) - http://www.nia.nih.gov/HealthInformation/Publications/stroke.htm
Also available in Spanish http://www.niapublications.org/agepages/stroke-sp.asp
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Role of Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Stroke(Cleveland Clinic Foundation) - http://my.clevelandclinic.org/disorders/stroke/hic_the_role_of_nutrition_in_the_prevention_and_treatment_of_stroke.aspx
- Effects of Stroke(National Stroke Association) - http://www.stroke.org/site/PageServer?pagename=EFFECT
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Post-Stroke Rehabilitation(National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) - http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/stroke/poststrokerehab.htm
Also available in Spanish http://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/trastornos/apoplejia_rehabilitacion.htm
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Stroke Rehabilitation(National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) - http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/stroke/stroke_rehabilitation.htm
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Stroke Rehabilitation(Patient Education Institute) - Requires Flash Player - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tutorials/strokerehabilitation/htm/index.htm
Also available in Spanish http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/tutorials/strokerehabilitationspanish/htm/index.htm
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CADASIL(National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) - Short Summary - http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/cadasil/CADASIL.htm
- Intracerebral Hemorrhage(Washington University, School of Medicine) - http://www.strokecenter.org/pat/ich.htm
- Ischemic Stroke(Washington University, School of Medicine) - http://www.strokecenter.org/pat/ais.htm
- JAMA Patient Page: Hemorrhagic Stroke(American Medical Association) - http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/292/15/1916.pdf
- Lacunar Stroke(InteliHealth) - http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/9339/10813.html
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Spinal Cord Infarction(National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) - Short Summary - http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/spinal_infarction/spinal_infarction.htm
- Subarachnoid Hemorrhage(Washington University, School of Medicine) - http://www.strokecenter.org/patients/sah.htm
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Wallenberg's Syndrome(National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) - Short Summary - http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/wallenbergs/wallenbergs.htm
- Adapting the Home After a Stroke(Washington University, School of Medicine) - http://www.strokecenter.org/patients/ot/index.htm
- Avoiding Another Stroke(American Stroke Association) - http://www.strokeassociation.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=3030379
- Can I Drive After a Stroke?(American Stroke Association) - http://www.strokeassociation.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=3005465
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Diabetes, Heart Disease, and Stroke(National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases) - http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/stroke/
- Life After Stroke: Survivor and Caregiver(National Stroke Association) - http://www.stroke.org/site/PageServer?pagename=las
- Pulse Check: The Importance of Self-Screening for Atrial Fibrillation Twice a Year(Women's Heart Foundation) - http://www.womensheart.org/content/Stroke/pulse_check.asp
- Sexual Activity and Heart Disease or Stroke(American Heart Association) - http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4714
- Spasticity and Paralysis(National Stroke Association) - http://www.stroke.org/site/PageServer?pagename=SPAST
- Stroke Effects(American Stroke Association) - http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4761
- Updated Labeling for Coumadin (Warfarin)(Food and Drug Administration) - http://www.fda.gov/consumer/updates/warfarin081707.html
- Vascular Dementia(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) - http://www.mayoclinic.com/print/vascular-dementia/DS00934/DSECTION=all&METHOD=print
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Stroke Risk Questionnaire(Siteman Cancer Center) - http://www.yourdiseaserisk.wustl.edu/hccpquiz.pl?lang=english&func=start&quiz=stroke
Also available in Spanish http://www.yourdiseaserisk.wustl.edu/hccpquiz.pl?lang=spanish&func=start&quiz=stroke
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Carotid Endarterectomy(Patient Education Institute) - Requires Flash Player - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tutorials/carotidendarterectomy/htm/index.htm
Also available in Spanish http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/tutorials/carotidendarterectomyspanish/htm/index.htm
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Neurosurgery - What Is It?(Patient Education Institute) - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tutorials/whatisneurosurgery/htm/index.htm
Also available in Spanish http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/tutorials/whatisneurosurgeryspanish/htm/index.htm
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Stroke
(National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) - http://nihseniorhealth.gov/stroke/toc.html
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Stroke Rehabilitation(Patient Education Institute) - Requires Flash Player - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tutorials/strokerehabilitation/htm/index.htm
Also available in Spanish http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/tutorials/strokerehabilitationspanish/htm/index.htm
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Strokes(Patient Education Institute) - Requires Flash Player - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tutorials/strokes/htm/index.htm
Also available in Spanish http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/tutorials/strokesspanish/htm/index.htm
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Innovations in Stroke Prevention: An Update on Carotid Stenting(OR-Live) - One hour program - 7/15/2008 - http://www.or-live.com/distributors/nlm-flash/nep_2103/rnh.cfm?id=748
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Know Stroke: Know the Signs, Act in Time Video(National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) - http://www.stroke.ninds.nih.gov/materials/knowstrokevideo.htm
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Atlas of the Body: The Brain--Effects of Stroke(American Medical Association) - - http://www.medem.com/MedLB/article_detaillb.cfm?article_ID=ZZZ0ZFP46JC&sub_cat=75
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ClinicalTrials.gov: Carotid Stenosis(National Institutes of Health) - http://clinicaltrials.gov/search/open/condition=%22Carotid+Stenosis%22
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ClinicalTrials.gov: Cerebrovascular Disorders(National Institutes of Health) - http://clinicaltrials.gov/search/open/condition=%22Cerebrovascular+Disorders%22
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ClinicalTrials.gov: Endarterectomy, Carotid(National Institutes of Health) - http://clinicaltrials.gov/search/open/condition=%22Endarterectomy,+Carotid%22
- ClinicalTrials.gov: Stroke(National Institutes of Health) - http://clinicaltrials.gov/search/open/condition=%22Stroke%22
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ClinicalTrials.gov: Endarterectomy, Carotid(National Institutes of Health) - http://clinicaltrials.gov/search/open/intervention=carotid+endarterectomy
- Stroke Trials Directory(Washington University, School of Medicine) - http://www.strokecenter.org/trials/index.aspx
- Genetics Home Reference: Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy(National Library of Medicine) - http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition=cerebralautosomaldominantarteriopathywithsubcorticalinfarctsandleukoencephalopathy
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Genetics Home Reference: Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes(National Library of Medicine) - http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition=mitochondrialencephalomyopathylacticacidosisandstrokelikeepisodes
- Alcohol's Impact on Heart and Stroke Risk May Differ for Men, Women(American Heart Association) - http://americanheart.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=462
- Arrival Method, Slow Response Often Delay Stroke Care(American Heart Association) - http://americanheart.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=487
- Children with Sickle Cell Disease 221 More Likely to Suffer Stroke(American Heart Association) - http://americanheart.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=488
- Depression, Disability Keep about Half of Stroke Survivors from Working(American Heart Association) - http://americanheart.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=376
- Guidelines Highlight Key Differences Between Child and Adult Stroke(American Heart Association) - http://americanheart.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=470
- Healthy Lifestyle Dramatically Cuts Stroke Risk(American Heart Association) - http://americanheart.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=491
- Higher Wealth Linked to Lower Stroke Risk from Age 50 to 64(American Heart Association) - http://americanheart.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=401
- Increased Strokes Linked with China's Economic Prosperity(American Heart Association) - http://americanheart.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=344
- Intensive Anti-Hypertensive Treatment May Control Blood Clot After Stroke(American Heart Association) - http://americanheart.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=338
- Most High-Risk Patients in Study Not Taking Blood Thinner Before Stroke(American Heart Association) - http://americanheart.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=503
- Preventing Falls Important for Stroke Patients(American Heart Association) - http://americanheart.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=418
- Smoking and High Blood Pressure: A Double Blow for Bleeding Stroke Risk(American Heart Association) - http://americanheart.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=355
- Smoking Is Major Risk Factor for Stroke in China(American Heart Association) - http://americanheart.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=356
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Stroke(National Institutes of Health) - Links to PDF - http://www.nih.gov/about/researchresultsforthepublic/stroke.pdf
- Stroke Incidence Declines among Swedish Diabetics(American Heart Association) - http://americanheart.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=497
- Stroke Survivors Walk Better after Human-Assisted Rehab(American Heart Association) - http://americanheart.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=416
- Sudden Hearing Loss Could Indicate Future Stroke(American Heart Association) - http://americanheart.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=449
- Ten Percent of Healthy People in Study Had Injury from "Silent Strokes"(American Heart Association) - http://americanheart.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=448
- Too Much, Too Little Sleep Increases Ischemic Risk in Postmenopausal Women(American Heart Association) - http://americanheart.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=469
- Treadmill Therapy Rewires Brain, Helps Stroke Survivors Walk Better(American Heart Association) - http://americanheart.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=502
- Treating for Hypertension May Reduce Mortality After a Stroke(American Heart Association) - http://americanheart.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=337
References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine)
- Article: Exposure to antipsychotics and risk of stroke: self controlled case... - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=18755769&tool=MedlinePlus
- Article: Aortic atherosclerosis, hypercoagulability, and stroke the APRIS (Aortic Plaque and... - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=18755350&tool=MedlinePlus
- Article: Continued high risk of stroke in treated hypertensives in a... - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=18716360&tool=MedlinePlus
- Stroke -- see more articles - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=search&db=pubmed&term=(stroke/di[majr]+OR+stroke/et[majr])+AND+humans[mh]+AND+english[la]+AND+(review[pt]+OR+guideline[pt]+OR+clinical+trial[pt]+OR+jsubsetk[text]+OR+jsubsetaim[text]+OR+patient+education+handout[pt]+OR+jsubsetn[text])+NOT+(letter[pt]+OR+editorial[pt]+OR+news[pt]+OR+case+reports[pt])&doptcmdl=summary&cmd_current=Limits&pmfilter_EDatLimit=last+1+Year&tool=MedlinePlus
- Stroke prevention -- see more articles - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=search&db=pubmed&term=stroke/pc[majr]+AND+english[la]+AND+humans[mh]+AND+(review[pt]+OR+guideline[pt]+OR+clinical+trial[pt]+OR+jsubsetk[text]+OR+jsubsetaim[text]+OR+jsubsetn[text]+OR+patient+education+handout[pt])+NOT+(letter[pt]+OR+editorial[pt]+OR+news[pt]+OR+case+reports[pt])&doptcmdl=summary&cmd_current=Limits&pmfilter_EDatLimit=last+1+Year&tool=MedlinePlus
- Therapy & rehabilitation after stroke -- see more articles - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=search&db=pubmed&term=(stroke/therapy[majr]+OR+stroke/rehabilitation[majr])+AND+english[la]+AND+humans[mh]+AND+(review[pt]+OR+guideline[pt]+OR+clinical+trial[pt]+OR+patient+education+handout[pt]+OR+jsubsetk[text]+OR+jsubsetaim[text]+OR+jsubsetn[text])+NOT+(letter[pt]+OR+editorial[pt]+OR+news[pt]+OR+case+reports[pt])&doptcmdl=summary&cmd_current=Limits&pmfilter_EDatLimit=last+1+Year&tool=MedlinePlus
- Glossary of Neurosurgical Terms(American Association of Neurological Surgeons) - http://www.neurosurgerytoday.org/what/glossary.asp
- Certified Primary Stroke Centers(American Stroke Association) - http://www.strokeassociation.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=3030093
- Find a Board-Certified Neurosurgeon(American Association of Neurological Surgeons, Congress of Neurological Surgeons) - http://www.neurosurgerytoday.org/findaneuro/
- Find a Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Physician(American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation) - http://www.e-aapmr.org/imis/imisonline/findphys/find.cfm
- American Heart Association - http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=1200000
- American Stroke Association - http://www.strokeassociation.org/
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National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke - http://www.ninds.nih.gov/
Also available in Spanish http://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/
- National Stroke Association - http://www.stroke.org/
- Stroke Connection Magazine(American Stroke Association) - http://www.strokeassociation.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=2533
- Stroke Smart(National Stroke Association) - http://www.stroke.org/site/PageServer?pagename=MAG
- FASTATS: Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease(National Center for Health Statistics) - http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/stroke.htm
- Heart Disease and Stroke Maps(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) - http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/giscvh2/
- Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics -- 2008 Update(American Heart Association) - Large PDF file - http://www.americanheart.org/downloadable/heart/1200082005246HS_Stats%202008.final.pdf
- Stroke(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) - http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/library/fs_stroke.htm
- Stroke Facts 2007: All Americans(American Heart Association) - Links to PDF - http://www.americanheart.org/downloadable/heart/116861536399455-1044%20AllAm%20Span%20StrokeFacts07_loRes.pdf
- Pediatric Stroke Center(Washington University, School of Medicine) - http://www.strokecenter.org/peds/
- Stroke(Nemours Foundation) - http://kidshealth.org/kid/grownup/conditions/stroke.html
- Women and Stroke: Unique Symptoms in Women(National Stroke Association) - http://www.stroke.org/site/PageServer?pagename=WOMSYMP
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Stroke(National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) - http://nihseniorhealth.gov/stroke/toc.html
- Aphasia - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/aphasia.html
- Transient Ischemic Attack - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/transientischemicattack.html
- Blood, Heart and Circulation - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bloodheartandcirculation.html
- Brain and Nerves - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/brainandnerves.html
- Seniors - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/seniors.html
The primary NIH organization for research on Stroke is the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke - http://www.ninds.nih.gov/
Stroke - Multiple Languages - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/languages/stroke.html