Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report
Part G. Section 9: Youth
Table G9.A5. Body Composition, Experimental Studies In
Children and Adolescents of Normal Weight or Mixed Weight Status.
Part 1. Randomized Controlled Trials
|
Reference |
Subjects/Duration |
Results |
|
Eliakim et al., 1996 (1) |
N=44, 100% F, 15-17 years, 68% white, 20% Asian, 11% Hispanic ,
Duration: 5 weeks |
No significant effect on BMI, but increase in thigh muscle
volume |
|
Eliakim et al., 1997 (2) |
N=44, 100% F, 15-17 years, 61% white, 20% Asian, 18% Hispanic,
Duration: 5 weeks |
No significant effect on BMI, but increase in thigh muscle
volume |
|
Eliakim et al., 1998 (3) |
N=44, 100% M, 15-17 years, 71% Asian, 20% white, 9% Hispanic,
Duration: 5 weeks |
Small significant increase in weight and thigh muscle volume
|
|
Ewart et al., 1998 (4) |
N=88, 100% F, 70% AA, Duration: 18 weeks |
No change in BMI in either group |
|
Eliakim et al., 2000 (5) |
N=44, 100% M, 15-17 years, 71% Asian, 20% white, 9% Hispanic,
Duration: 5 weeks |
Small decrease in thigh fat and subcutaneous abdominal adipose
tissue |
|
MacKelvie et al., 2001 (6)
Group Randomized Trial |
N=177, 100% F, Duration: 1 school year (< 10 months) |
No effect of high-impact brief activity on weight and fat mass
|
|
Mandigout et al., 2002 (7)
Group Randomized Trial |
N=19, 47% F, 10-11 years, Duration: 13 weeks |
No effect on percent fat mass and percent muscle mass |
|
MacKelvie et al., 2003 (8)
Group Randomized Trial |
N=139, 54% F, 9-10 years, Duration: 2 school years |
Females: No effect on weight and fat mass. Males: No effect on
weight and fat mass, significant increase in total body lean mass |
|
Obert et al., 2003 (9)
Group Randomized Trial |
N=35, 49% F, 10-11 years, Duration: 13 weeks |
No effect on percent fat |
|
Tolfrey et al., 2004 (10) |
N=32, 44% F, 10.6±0.6 years, Duration: 12 weeks |
Negligible effects of training on weight and skinfolds |
|
Baquet et al., 2004 (11)
Group Randomized Trial |
N=110, 58% F, 8-11 years, Duration: 7 weeks |
No difference in body weight and percent fat |
|
Fitzgibbon et al., 2005 (12)
Group Randomized Trial |
N=409, about 4 years at baseline, 80%+ AA, Duration: 14 weeks
|
Smaller gain in BMI in intervention preschoolers |
|
Haerens et al., 2006(13)
Group Randomized Trial |
N=2,840, mean age 13.1±0.8, Duration: 2 school years
|
Smaller gain in BMI in intervention and parent support group
|
AA, African American; BMI, body mass index; F, female; M, male; N,
number
Part 2. Non-Randomized Controlled Trials
|
Reference |
Subjects/Duration |
Results |
|
Williford et al., 1996 (14) |
N=17, 0% F, 11-13 years, 100% AA, Duration: 15 weeks |
No effect on weight and sum of skinfold thicknesses |
|
Stoedefalke et al., 2000 (15) |
N=34, 100% F, 13-14 years, Duration: 20 weeks |
No effect on skinfold thicknesses |
|
Baquet et al., 2001 (16) |
N=551, 47% F, 11-16 years, Duration: 10 weeks |
Small increase BMI and percent fat |
|
Sundberg et al., 2001 (17) |
N=228, 46% F, 12-16 years, Duration: 3‑4 years |
No effect of added physical education on fat mass and lean body
mass |
|
Baquet et al., 2002 (18) |
N=53, 57% F, 9.7±0.8 years, Duration: 7 weeks |
No difference in body weight and percent fat |
|
Annesi et al., 2005 (19) |
N=570, 40% F, 5-12 years, >95% AA, Duration: 12 weeks |
Significant decrease in percent fat |
|
Schneider et al., 2007 (20) |
N=122, 100% F, 10th-11th, Duration: 1 school year |
No effect on percent fat |
|
Viskic-Stalec et al., 2007 (21) |
N=220, 100% F, 16-18 years, Duration: 1 school year |
Larger declines in weight and percent fat in Experimental group
than in Control group |
AA, African American; BMI, body mass index; F, female; N, number
Reference List
- Eliakim A, Barstow TJ, Brasel JA, Ajie H, Lee WN,
Renslo R, Berman N, Cooper DM. Effect of exercise training on energy
expenditure, muscle volume, and maximal oxygen uptake in female adolescents.
J.Pediatr. 1996 Oct;129(4):537-43.
- Eliakim A, Burke GS, Cooper DM. Fitness, fatness,
and the effect of training assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and
skinfold-thickness measurements in healthy adolescent females. Am.J.Clin.Nutr.
1997 Aug;66(2):223-31.
- Eliakim A, Brasel JA, Mohan S, Wong WL, Cooper DM.
Increased physical activity and the growth hormone-IGF-I axis in adolescent
males. Am.J.Physiol 1998 Jul;275(1 Pt 2):R308-R314.
- Ewart CK, Young DR, Hagberg JM. Effects of
school-based aerobic exercise on blood pressure in adolescent girls at risk for
hypertension. Am.J.Public Health 1998 Jun;88(6):949-51.
- Eliakim A, Makowski GS, Brasel JA, Cooper DM.
Adiposity, lipid levels, and brief endurance training in nonobese adolescent
males. Int.J.Sports Med. 2000 Jul;21(5):332-7.
- MacKelvie K, McKay HA, Khan KM, Crocker PR. A
school-based exercise intervention augments bone mineral accrual in early
pubertal girls. J.Pediatr. 2001 Oct;139(4):501-8.
- Mandigout S, Melin A, Fauchier L, N'Guyen LD,
Courteix D, Obert P. Physical training increases heart rate variability in
healthy prepubertal children. Eur.J.Clin.Invest 2002 Jul;32(7):479-87.
- MacKelvie KJ, Khan KM, Petit MA, Janssen PA, McKay
HA. A school-based exercise intervention elicits substantial bone health
benefits: a 2-year randomized controlled trial in girls. Pediatrics 2003
Dec;112(6 Pt 1):e447.
- Obert P, Mandigouts S, Nottin S, Vinet A, N'Guyen
LD, Lecoq AM. Cardiovascular responses to endurance training in children:
effect of gender. Eur.J.Clin.Invest 2003 Mar;33(3):199-208.
- Tolfrey K, Jones AM, Campbell IG.
Lipid-lipoproteins in children: an exercise dose-response study. Med.Sci.Sports
Exerc. 2004 Mar;36(3):418-27.
- Baquet G, Guinhouya C, Dupont G, Nourry C,
Berthoin S. Effects of a short-term interval training program on physical
fitness in prepubertal children. J.Strength.Cond.Res. 2004
Nov;18(4):708-13.
- Fitzgibbon ML, Stolley MR, Schiffer L, Van HL,
KauferChristoffel K, Dyer A. Two-year follow-up results for Hip-Hop to Health
Jr.: a randomized controlled trial for overweight prevention in preschool
minority children. J.Pediatr. 2005 May;146(5):618-25.
- Haerens L, Deforche B, Maes L, Stevens V,
Cardon G, De B, I. Body mass effects of a physical activity and healthy food
intervention in middle schools. Obesity.(Silver.Spring) 2006
May;14(5):847-54.
- Williford HN, Blessing DL, Scharff-Olson M,
Brown J. Injury rates and physiological changes associated with lateral motion
training in females. Int.J.Sports Med. 1996 Aug;17(6):452-7.
- Stoedefalke K, Armstrong N, Kirby BJ, Welsman JR.
Effect of training on peak oxygen uptake and blood lipids in 13 to 14-year-old
girls. Acta Paediatr. 2000 Nov;89(11):1290-4.
- Baquet G, Berthoin S, Gerbeaux M, van PE.
High-intensity aerobic training during a 10 week one-hour physical education
cycle: effects on physical fitness of adolescents aged 11 to 16. Int.J.Sports
Med. 2001 May;22(4):295-300.
- Sundberg M, Gardsell P, Johnell O, Karlsson MK,
Ornstein E, Sandstedt B, Sernbo I. Peripubertal moderate exercise increases
bone mass in boys but not in girls: a population-based intervention study.
Osteoporos.Int. 2001;12(3):230-8.
- Baquet G, Berthoin S, Dupont G, Blondel N, Fabre
C, van PE. Effects of high intensity intermittent training on peak VO(2) in
prepubertal children. Int.J.Sports Med. 2002 Aug;23(6):439-44.
- Annesi JJ, Westcott WL, Faigenbaum AD,
Unruh JL. Effects of a 12-week physical activity protocol delivered by YMCA
after-school counselors (Youth Fit for Life) on fitness and self-efficacy
changes in 5-12-year-old boys and girls. Res.Q.Exerc.Sport 2005
Dec;76(4):468-76.
- Schneider M, Dunton GF, Bassin S, Graham DJ,
Eliakim AF, Cooper DM. Impact of a school-based physical activity intervention
on fitness and bone in adolescent females. J.Phys.Act.Health 2007
Jan;4(1):17-29.
- Viskic-Stalec N, Stalec J, Katic R, Podvorac D,
Katovic D. The impact of dance-aerobics training on the morpho-motor status in
female high-schoolers. Coll.Antropol. 2007 Mar;31(1):259-66.
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