| Disease/Syndrome |
Chronic renal failure |
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| Category |
Chronic Poison |
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| Acute/Chronic |
Chronic |
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| Synonyms |
CRF; Chronic renal insufficiency; Chronic kidney disease, unspecified |
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| Comments |
Some of the common nonoccupational chronic renal diseases are diabetic renal disease, hypertensive renal disease, polycystic kidney disease, analgesic nephropathy, hemolytic uremic syndrome, and renal disease associated with illicit drugs and infections (HIV, hepatitis B and C). Acute renal failure (ARF) often occurs in the context of multiorgan failure. Community-acquired ARF is not very common, and it usually has a good prognosis. [Wallace, p. 1089-94] The chemical agents linked to work-related chronic renal disease are the three metals mercury, lead, and cadmium. [LaDou, Rosenstock, Sullivan, Levy] Nephrotic syndrome caused by mercury, both occupational and nonoccupational exposure, is uncommon. [Goldfrank] "The two forms of renal disease resulting from mercury exposure are acute tubular necrosis and nephrotic syndrome." [LaDou, p. 370] Heavy, prolonged occupational exposures to lead and cadmium can cause chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy. Such exposures occurred in the past when workers produced lead and cadmium products and there were no occupational exposure limits. "Historic cohort mortality studies of cadmium-exposed working populations have yielded mixed results in studying end-stage renal disease as a cause of death." [Rosenstock, p. 579] "Evidence from chronic lead nephropathy is not consistent. In some reports, workers with previous heavy and long-term lead exposure display little, if any, evidence of adverse renal effects." [APHA, p. 437] |
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| Latency/Incubation |
Years to decades; |
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| Diagnostic |
Serum creatinine may be within normal limits until almost 50% of nephron function is lost. [APHA, p. 435] Proteinuria > 150 mg/day; Albumin: marker of glomerular dysfunction; B-2-microglobulin: marker of tubular dysfunction; [Rosenstock, p. 567] |
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| ICD-9 Code |
585.9 |
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| Reference Link |
Usefulness of biomarkers of exposure to inorganic ...[Ren Fail. 1999 May-Jul] - PubMed Result |
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| Related Information in Haz-Map |
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| Symptoms/Findings |
Symptoms/Findings associated with this disease:
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| Job Tasks |
High risk job tasks associated with this disease:
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| Agents |
Hazardous agents that cause the occupational disease:
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