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Consumer Complaints and Assistance:
National Bank Anti-Fraud Resource Center Consumer Information
Advanced Up-Front Fee Scheme Overview
Receipt of Unsolicited Checks
Understanding Regulation CC
Fictitious Correspondence from US Government Agencies
Lottery Scam
Mystery Shopper Scam
Money Transfer Agent
Overpayment for Goods/Services
Banking Concerns
Debt Elimination
Fictitious Banking
High Yield Investment Fraud
Phishing, Spoofing & Pharming
Spam
Advanced Up-Front Fee Scheme Overview
Advanced up-front fee fraud was previously
referred to as either 419 fraud or Nigerian fraud, both named after
Section 419 of the Nigerian Penal Code. This fraud first originated
out of Nigeria but is now rampant in many other countries. Potential
victims of this fraud may receive correspondence related to estate
monies, contest/lottery winnings, sale of goods, found monies, or
employment opportunities. While the
topics differ, they all work under the same premise to scam consumers out of their money.
The originator of the document may offer to transfer a large sum
of money into the victim's personal bank account, which would necessitate the victim
providing the con artist with personal information such as: address, telephone number, bank account
number, as well as copies of a passport and/or driver's
license. Other schemes may include a counterfeit check along with the correspondence.
The recipient will be instructed to deposit the check into their
bank account and immediately wire a portion of the money to a third party
outside of the country. Many of these scams involve counterfeit official
instruments such as cashier's checks, official checks or money orders.
One of the most important steps to take when one is victimized in a scam is to immediately cease communication with the con-artist(s). Once an individual's name is received by the con, it is quite possible that they will continue to receive unsolicited material for some time. If a victim feels physically threatened at anytime, they should notify their local law enforcement agency immediately.
In addition, victims should file complaints with the following agencies, as appropriate. These agencies have the ability to investigate and prosecute:
- US Postal Inspector Service - by telephone at 1-888-877-7644, by mail at U.S. Postal Inspection Service, 222 S. Riverside Plaza, Suite 1250, Chicago, IL 60606-6100 or electronically at https://postalinspectors.uspis.gov/forms/MailFraudComplaint.aspx
- Federal Trade Commission (FTC): by telephone at 1-877-FTC-HELP or file an electronic complaint via their internet site at www.ftc.gov
- Royal Canadian Mounted Police (Canadian Scams): by telephone at 1-888-495-8501 or via e-mail at [info@phonebusters.com]. Their website, www.phonebusters.com, provides additional contact numbers.
- Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Internet Fraud Complaint Center (Scams that may have originated via the internet): www.ic3.gov
- Spanish Embassy in the US - Spanish Lottery Scam: www.spainemb.org/ingles/indexing.htm
- Better Business Bureau - The BBB system serves markets throughout Canada, Puerto Rico and the United States, and is the marketplace leader in advancing trust between businesses and consumers. The international Web site (www.bbb.org) offers contact information for local BBBs, objective reports on more than two million businesses, consumer scam alerts, and tips on a wide variety of topics that help consumers find trustworthy businesses and make wise purchasing decisions.
Receipt of Suspicious Checks /
Verifying Authenticity
Anytime a scam involves a cashier's check, official check, or money order from
a financial institution and you believe that it could be counterfeit, you
should contact the issuing bank directly to report receipt of the check and to
verify authenticity. Only the issuing bank can verify the authenticity of the
item. When contacting the bank, do NOT use the telephone number provided on the
instrument, as this number is generally not associated with the financial
institution but rather with the scam artist.
To locate a bank's contact information, you can check the FDIC's website at:
http://www2.fdic.gov/idasp/main_bankfind.asp
Understanding Regulation CC
When depositing items
other than cash, it is important for consumers to understand the
difference between available funds and
collected funds.
Under
Regulation CC, when an official instrument is deposited into a
consumer's bank account, the bank must make those funds available to the consumer on
the next business day. It takes approximately ten days for a check
to go through the clearing process:
1. The payee deposits the check.
2. The depositary bank sends the check for collection.
3. The check is sent from the depositary bank to the Federal Reserve Bank or
clearinghouse and then to the paying bank (Drawee).
4. The check is presented to the paying bank for payment.
5. If the check is good, the paying bank sends payment (collected funds);
however, if the check is bad, the paying bank returns the item as unpaid (uncollected
funds).
6. If the item is returned as unpaid, the depositary bank then debits the
payee's account for the amount of uncollected funds.
Fictitious Correspondence from US Government Agencies
On several occasions, con artists have counterfeited the letterheads of US Government Agencies in an effort to financially scam consumers. The correspondence generally contains forged signatures of agency officials and fictitious telephone numbers. The letters are sent to potential victims via mail, fax, or e-mail.
These scams usually claim that the purported agency is holding payments owed by foreign governments or foreign organizations but that the recipient must first pay a large fee to have the funds released. Should consumers receive such correspondence, they should not respond, because the contact information contained within is generally associated with the con artist.
The OCC has issued the following Alerts, which address this particular situation:
Fraudulent E-mails and Correspondence Attributed to Officials of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency - http://www.occ.treas.gov/ftp/alert/2005-12.doc; http://www.occ.treas.gov/ftp/alert/2006-68.html; http://www.occ.treas.gov/ftp/alert/2007-31.html; and http://www.occ.treas.gov/ftp/alert/2007-47.html
Fraudulent E-mails and Correspondence Purportedly from the FDIC - http://www.occ.treas.gov/ftp/alert/2007-9.html and http://www.occ.treas.gov/ftp/alert/2007-34.html
Fraudulent Correspondence Purportedly from the Florida office of Financial Regulation - http://www.occ.treas.gov/ftp/alert/2008-5.html
Fraudulent E-mails Purportedly from U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Financial Services - http://www.occ.treas.gov/ftp/alert/2007-12.html
Lottery Scams
A letter arrives in your mailbox stating that you have won a great deal of
money in an international lottery program, one that you never entered or heard
of. Along with the notification letter is an official instrument drawn on a
legitimate bank. The letter will indicate that the check is to be used to pay
taxes and transfer fees before the remainder of funds may be disbursed. You are
instructed to call a telephone number to obtain additional information on how
to proceed. During this call, the con will tell you to deposit the check into
your bank account and then immediately wire out the proceeds using Western
Union or Money Gram. The problem is that the check is counterfeit, a fact that
won't be revealed for approximately ten days (please refer to sections: Receipt
of Unsolicited Checks and Regulation CC).
In the meantime, the
money associated with the counterfeit item will be available to you
on the next business day. As such, you follow the con's instructions
and wire the funds out. When the check is returned as
uncollected
because it is counterfeit, you have already sent the money out and will
now be in a loss situation.
In addition to contacting the appropriate financial institutions as outlined in
the Receipt of Suspicious Checks / Verifying Authenticity section, there
are others who you should notify as well if you are in receipt of a counterfeit
item and associated lottery material. They include:
-
US Postal Inspection Service - by
telephone at 1-888-877-7644, by mail at U.S. Postal Inspection
Service, 222 S. Riverside Plaza, Suite 1250, Chicago, IL
60606-6100 or via e-mail at
https://postalinspectors.uspis.gov/forms/MailFraudComplaint.aspx
-
Federal Trade Commission (FTC): by telephone at 1-877-FTC-HELP or by filing an
electronic complaint via their internet site at
www.ftc.gov
-
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (Canadian Scams): by telephone at 1-888-495-8501
or via e-mail at [info@phonebusters.com]. Their website,
www.phonebusters.com
, provides additional contact numbers.
-
Spanish Embassy in the US - Spanish Lottery Scam:
www.spainemb.org/ingles/indexing.htm
Most importantly, do NOT make contact with the con artist; they can be
extremely dangerous. If at anytime, you feel physically threatened, you should
contact your local police department immediately.
Mystery Shopping Scam
Lucky you! You have been selected to be a mystery shopper for XYZ Company! They
have even sent you a cashier's check to be used to make purchases at the chosen
store locations. This sounds great! You get to shop, grade each store location,
keep the merchandise you purchase, plus get paid a fee for your services. It
must be real; they have even included a Code of Ethics disclosure! How can this
be a scam? First of all, the check is counterfeit. You will be asked to deposit
the counterfeit item into your bank account and then immediately begin your
mystery shopping assignment. The majority of the funds provided to you in the
counterfeit check will be wired out using a nationally-known wire service
(Western Union or Money Gram), with the ploy that this is one of the merchants
you are to grade.
As with the lottery scam, once the check is deemed to be counterfeit (about ten
days after you deposit the item), the check is returned as uncollected,
and your bank debits your account for the full amount of the check. Since you
have already spent or wired the funds out, you are now in a loss situation and
left to deal with a mess.
In addition to contacting the appropriate financial institutions as outlined in
the Receipt of Suspicious Checks / Verifying Authenticity section, there
are others who you should notify as well if you are in receipt of a counterfeit
item and associated mystery shopping material. They include:
-
US Postal Inspection Service - by telephone at 1-888-877-7644, by mail at U.S. Postal Inspection Service, 222 S. Riverside Plaza, Suite 1250, Chicago, IL 60606-6100 or via e-mail at
https://postalinspectors.uspis.gov/forms/MailFraudComplaint.aspx
-
Federal Trade Commission (FTC): by telephone at 1-877-FTC-HELP or by filing an
electronic complaint via their internet site at
www.ftc.gov
-
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (Canadian Scams): by telephone at 1-888-495-8501
or via e-mail at [info@phonebusters.com]. Their website,
www.phonebusters.com , provides
additional contact numbers.
Most importantly, do NOT make contact with the con artist; they can be
extremely dangerous. If at anytime, you feel physically threatened, you should
contact your local police department immediately.
Money Transfer Agent
You are contacted via e-mail or telephone in response to a resume you have
posted on-line. The person solicits you for a job as an international money
transfer agent. They will send you official bank instruments to deposit into
your personal bank account. You will then be required to immediately wire the
proceeds out to a variety of international locations, keeping an agreed-upon
amount for your services. It sounds easy enough, so you agree. As such, you
follow the con's instructions and deposit the checks and then wire the funds
out. When the checks are returned as uncollected because they are all
deemed counterfeit, you are left with a gaping hole in your bank account.
In addition to contacting the appropriate financial institutions as outlined in
the Receipt of Suspicious Checks / Verifying Authenticity section, there
are others who you should notify as well if you are in receipt of a counterfeit
item and associated e-mails or correspondence regarding this "job opportunity."
They include:
-
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Internet Fraud Complaint Center (Scams
that may have originated via the internet):
www.ic3.gov
-
US Postal Inspection Service - by telephone at 1-888-877-7644, by mail at U.S. Postal Inspection Service, 222 S. Riverside Plaza, Suite 1250, Chicago, IL 60606-6100 or via e-mail at https://postalinspectors.uspis.gov/forms/MailFraudComplaint.aspx
-
Federal Trade Commission (FTC): by telephone at 1-877-FTC-HELP or by filing an
electronic complaint via their internet site at
www.ftc.gov
-
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (Canadian Scams): by telephone at 1-888-495-8501
or via e-mail at [info@phonebusters.com]. Their website,
www.phonebusters.com
, provides additional contact numbers.
-
Originator's Mailbox Provider: If the correspondence was received in the form
of an e-mail, notify the originator's mailbox provider that the originator's
email address is being used to solicit illegal activities. For example, Yahoo
and Hotmail have the following email addresses set up:
abuse@yahoo.com; abuse@hotmail.com.
-
On-line Job Search Database Service:
Notify the on-line service you utilize to post your resume of this
scam.
Most importantly, do NOT make contact with the con artist; they can be
extremely dangerous. If at anytime, you feel physically threatened, you should
contact your local police department immediately.
Overpayment for Goods or Services
You have advertised a car in an on-line market and are contacted by someone who
is interested in making the purchase. They agree to pay the advertised amount,
but, oops, they made the check out for $3,000 more than the asking price.
Because you seem to be such an honest individual, they trust you with these
extra funds and ask you to simply deposit the check into your bank account and
wire the excess to their shipper, who is arranging for pickup of the vehicle.
As it turns out, they are not so trusting. The check is counterfeit. As with
the other 419 scams, once the check is returned as uncollected, the money is
already gone, and you are left with a loss.
In addition to contacting the appropriate financial institutions as outlined in
the Receipt of Suspicious Checks / Verifying Authenticity section, there
are others who you should notify as well if you are in receipt of a counterfeit
item and associated e-mails and correspondence regarding the overpayment. They
include:
-
US Postal Inspection Service - by telephone at 1-888-877-7644, by mail at U.S. Postal Inspection Service, 222 S. Riverside Plaza, Suite 1250, Chicago, IL 60606-6100 or via e-mail at https://postalinspectors.uspis.gov/forms/MailFraudComplaint.aspx
-
Federal Trade Commission (FTC): by telephone at 1-877-FTC-HELP or by filing an
electronic complaint via their internet site at
www.ftc.gov
-
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Internet Fraud Complaint Center (Scams
that may have originated via the internet):
www.ic3.gov
-
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (Canadian Scams): by telephone at 1-888-495-8501
or via e-mail at [info@phonebusters.com]. Their website,
www.phonebusters.com
, provides additional contact numbers.
-
Originator's mailbox provider: If the correspondence was received in the form
of an e-mail, notify the originator's mailbox provider that the originator's
email address is being used to solicit illegal activities. For example, Yahoo
and Hotmail have the following email addresses set up:
abuse@yahoo.com; abuse@hotmail.com.
Most importantly, do NOT make contact with the con artist; they can be
extremely dangerous. If at anytime, you feel physically threatened, you should
contact your local police department immediately.
Banking Concerns
Should you have a specific problem with a bank, you will want to contact the
regulator(s) responsible for ensuring the safety and soundness of that
institution. Following are the different types of institutions and links to
their regulators' customer assistance groups.
Debt Elimination
The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency ("OCC") continues to see an increasing volume and variety of fictitious debt elimination schemes being perpetrated against financial institutions. These fictitious schemes are not to be confused with debt consolidation or debt workout programs presented by legitimate entities.
The object of legitimate programs is to assist the borrower to repay the debt in a responsible manner. The fictitious schemes claim to be able to "eliminate" or to "cancel" various types of debt from banks and non-banks without a material further amount of payment by the obligor. The fictitious schemes take various forms, including those that:
-
claim to pay out the debt in some way,
but don't;
-
transfer the debt to some wealthy
benevolent entity, that does not exist or has no financial
capacity; or,
-
falsely claim to be able to have the debt declared invalid for the reason that
the financial company is not permitted to lend money or the documentation used
by the lender is not valid.
The fictitious, fraudulent schemes are being marketed to everybody, not just the wealthy or sophisticated, including borrowers who are current and those approaching foreclosure. The underlying fraudulent claim in all these fictitious schemes is:
-
a debt can be eliminated or canceled simply by paying someone a small fee relative to the amount of debt to be eliminated.
These schemes are promoted: via the Internet; in seminars throughout the United States; and, directly by persons known to the victim by way of group affiliation, particularly religious and fraternal groups. These fraudulent schemes claim to "eliminate" or to "cancel" various types of debt, including mortgages, credit card balances, student loans, auto loans, and small business loans. All of them are simply designed to take an individual's money, and are just the modern version of the old "up-front-fee" scheme. The schemes charge an up-front fee, or membership fee, that currently ranges from $400 to $7,500.
As a result of using a fraudulent scheme, individuals will lose money, could lose property, will damage their credit rating, and possibly incur additional debt. In addition, a creditor may take legal action against an individual to resolve a fraudulent attempt to eliminate debt. It is also possible for the victim to have identity theft occur by participating in a fraudulent scheme. The perpetrators of these schemes are known to steal identities and create substantial new debts in the victim's name before they are even aware that it has occurred. It is extremely difficult and time-consuming to resolve the issues pertaining to identity theft.
These fraudulent debt elimination and cancellation schemes have no substance in
law or finance. In statements and sometimes in the guise of education, the
perpetrators of the schemes provide inaccurate or distorted information about
applicable laws and real financial operations. The following are examples of inaccurate
information the OCC has seen from these schemes:
-
Secret information or laws, known only to
a select few, can be used to eliminate debt;
-
Banks and other creditors do not have the
authority to lend money, to advance credit, or to charge interest;
-
An individual's debt is a asset of the
creditor that the creditor owes to the individual;
-
A debt owed to a bank is the same as a
deposit in a bank;
-
Creditors will not pursue debt collection
after an individual participates in one of these schemes;
-
The United States Department of Treasury
or some other Federal agency establishes a trust account when an
individual is born;
-
Arbitration need not meet the terms of
the credit agreement;
-
Individuals can create their own
arbitration companies that can create and certify arbitration
awards that eliminate, cancel or reduce debt;
-
An individual does not have to pay the
debt because the contract or note is illegal and may even deserve
a compensatory award; and,
-
Results are guaranteed.
There are unlimited variations to these schemes. The basic idea of these
schemes, however, is to fool individuals into paying money to have a debt
eliminated or cancelled, or to obtain false documents and the instructions on
how to submit the false documents to creditors. The following are some
variations of the false documents used:
-
A fake arbitration award from an arbitrator not authorized under the debt
agreement;
-
A worthless debt instrument issued by some company, group, trust, benevolent
society, or wealthy individual, quite often of foreign origin, as a substitute
for the creditor's note;
-
A record of a fictitious account or
"trust account" supposedly held in an individual's name at the
United States Department of the Treasury or other Federal agency;
-
A fictitious U. S. Government debt
instrument issued as a substitute for the creditor's note, payable
through an agency or by an authorized agency person;
-
A notice, usually voluminous, to the
creditor stating that the contract or note is illegal or the
creditor does not have authority to "advance credit" and has
violated the law; or,
-
The issuance of a false payoff certificate from the original lender, combined
with the borrower's authorization for the perpetrator to obtain a new mortgage,
using the proceeds to pay the perpetrator's fee. This "new debt" is stated to
be a new first lien, but it is really just a second mortgage, thereby
increasing the victim's debt and monthly payment requirements.
Any information that you have concerning fraudulent debt elimination or debt
cancellation schemes should be brought to the attention of appropriate local or
Federal law enforcement personnel.
If the fraudulent scheme is presented via the Internet or e-mail, contact the
Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3). Please go to the IC3 Web site at
http://www.ic3.gov and follow the instructions for filing a complaint
(IC3 was f/n/a the Internet Fraud Complaint Center- IFCC). Contacts from other
sources, such as individual contacts or seminars, should be reported to the
local office of the FBI and your local financial fraud law enforcement
organization.
If any portion of the offering or subsequent portions of the transaction are
processed through the United States Postal System (USPS), the Criminal
Investigation Division of the USPS should be contacted. Contact information can
be obtained from your local U.S. Post Office.
Any group, individual or company that states that they can eliminate, remove or
cancel your debt by having you pay them a relatively small fee, and without you
providing sufficient funds to pay off the debt, is perpetrating a fraud. This
is commonly known as an "up-front-fee scam."
This is not a legitimate process for paying off your mortgage, installment loan,
or credit card.
This Office does not maintain a list of companies engaging in such fraudulent
activities. Many of these groups portray themselves as clubs or investment
advisors. These schemes are not new, just the latest version of the
up-front-fee scam, perpetrated with the speed and broad coverage of the
internet.
If you have lost money as a result of this scheme, you should file a complaint
with the local
FBI office, or if you are in the same state as the originators, your
state law enforcement.
You should also file a complaint with both the
IC3, and the State consumer complaint organization or department of
financial institutions for the state where the originators are located.
If any portion of the offering or subsequent portions of the transaction are
processed through the United States Postal System (USPS), the Criminal
Investigation Division of the USPS should be contacted. Specific contact
information can be obtained from your local U.S. Post Office.
Fictitious/Unauthorized Banking
Banks operating without a license or charter in the US or any other country are
operating in an unauthorized manner. When we are notified of a fictitious bank,
we may issue an Alert. The individual Alerts can be found on our
internet site. Click here to view the consolidated
listing. If you have information pertaining to such an institution,
please notify us via email at: OCCAlertResponses@occ.treas.gov,
via mail at: Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Enforcement &
Compliance Division, MS 8-10, 250 E Street, SW, Washington, DC 20219 or via fax
at: (202) 874-5214.
High Yield Investment Fraud aka Prime Bank Fraud
High Yield or Prime Bank fraud can be traced back to several origins. Its roots originated in ancient history, along with the origin of interchangeable money. This is followed by a long history of advance fee fraud concerning commodities, loans, and securities. With varying degrees of sophistication, promoters have for years promised access to low interest rate loans or cheap securities in exchange for the payment of an up-front fee. High yield investment fraud is the twentieth century's version of Alchemy, the process of creating something valuable out of nothing. While ancient Alchemy tried to convert lead to gold, the modern version sells nonsense for cash.
In the 1980s, with the advent of publicly available electronic transactions, offers for the sale of world currencies, "Prime Bank Notes" and low interest rate loans grew rapidly, supplementing the offers published for years in the world's financial journals. Both sources also offered securities (or collateral) listing a number of different types, with Prime Bank Notes (PBN) being the most important. These PBNs were also stated to be issued by the world's leading banks, to further the aura of financial credibility. The PBNs came in two standard maturities and rates. There were 10 and 20 year 7.5% notes, and, 10 and 20 year 14% notes, but the 7.5% 10- year notes were the favorite, and remain so today in the form of 7.5% Medium Term Notes.
At this time, many of the longer term securities were supposed to have originated in Japan. "Japanese notes" were so named because Japanese banks were king of the hill in international banking at that time, giving them an aura of superior strength. Bank of China notes were also occasionally seen, but usually guaranteed by one of the leading international banks.
A closely related fraud, combining both situations, is the self-liquidating loan. Former Senior National Bank Examiner and founder of the OCC's Offshore Banking and Fraud Section, John Shockey, recalls self-liquidating loan proposals from the 1950's and the onslaught of the Prime Bank Frauds in the 1970's with its subsequent evolution into the current Bank Trading Programs. The current schemes supposedly use Bank Debentures, U.S. Government securities, or other highly rated securities.
In addition to PBNs, the con artists also offer, for investment purposes, the one year Standby Letter of Credit (SLC). The prices offered for these instruments are normally in the 80-85% range for the fake SLCs and in the 70%-80% range for the equally worthless 10 year 7.5% PBNs. By the standards of any time period, this is unbelievably cheap, so unbelievably cheap that little credibility was given to the possibility that investors could be gullible enough to be taken in, at first. A large number of people kept touting these instruments, and years later it was not a surprise to learn of their criminal records and that many later ended up being arrested for their activity.
One of the key drivers in the continuing life of high yield investment fraud is its ability to transform into the latest financial innovation of the day. Whether the financial news organizations talk about zero coupon bonds, the Sudan, Afghanistan, swaps, Iraq, Belgium or the United States, the countless offers for the purchase and sale of the currency or securities of the country, or the latest financial instrument in the news, will dominate the fake markets. In all these transactions, the quantities offered are fantastic, in the millions, billions and trillions of dollars. Thousands of offers for relatively unknown currencies and securities are made, but none of these transactions ever close.
Continuing the expansion of fake financial instruments available, a new instrument appeared on the scene sometime during this time that expanded the market substantially: the Prime Bank Guarantee (PBG). The PBG is similar to the PBN in terms of interest rate and maturity, but was priced higher because they supposedly had a higher priority among creditors in the event of bankruptcy.
PBGs became the first choice of the con artists. The simple fact that guarantees, like letters of credit, are not investment instruments did not stop the cons from offering them. The most popular guarantees had stated "6%, 7%, or 8% interest rates". These are commonly referred to respectively as: "106s," "107s," and "108s."
Along with the fictitious securities, came a long list of terms used to describe where and how these "investment securities" originated. While you could not find any reference to these types of "investment securities and terms" in legitimate financial circles, many people didn't care where or why they were issued. Sources were listed as "cutting houses" pursuant to a "master collateral commitment." Where was the location of such cutting houses, and if the securities were issued by recognized financial institutions, why was the source not the bank? This "inside knowledge" and sources were secrets known supposedly only to a few select persons.
"Master collateral commitments" and "contracts" were circulated, but they were very sloppily drafted, containing numerous typing mistakes, re-faxed with important information whited-out, or obvious forgeries. The quality of the paperwork did not match the multi million dollar level of the deals nor the level of sophistication of the reported originating institutions.
In addition, a simple purchase and sale, of a supposed investment security, was organized in such a way as to resemble a multibillion dollar transaction between several parties. This complex structure for a simple transaction is a key hallmark of the High Yield Investment Program scheme (HYIP). Additionally, the proposal is rarely for one transaction, with the "program" continuing to run each week until the end of the program, typically 40 weeks. The typical HYIP has the intermediary working with the broker, who then works with the program manager, who works with the mandate, who then works with the commitment holder, who works with the trader, who of course is secret and only one of the ___ (pick your number- 5,7,25) who has access to this fabulously lucrative market.
The modern program further attempts to give credibility to the transaction by stating that it is guaranteed by the United States Federal Reserve System and your investments can be checked with your Cusip or transaction number on a Bloomberg or Euroclear screen. Sometimes an additional inducement is offered by the con artist in the form of a "blocked funds account" or "blocked funds letter" structure to assure investors their money would not be stolen. While the current terminology has changed to non depletion accounts, reserved in the account, or making the funds available for scanning in the account, the underlying false assertion has not changed and investors still lose money through these schemes.
What really happens in every one of these programs is, the instant you put any money into an account or provide the information about your account to the con artist, your money will be wired offshore/somewhere to pay for your trips to check on the investment, and all of their parties, house mortgages, boats, cars, and diamond jewelry.
The history of the up-front-fee scheme in the form of HYIP, bank debenture trading programs, prime bank instruments, and self liquidating loans is based on old-fashioned greed and dishonesty. It is basically the time immemorial, "getting something for nothing," which the con artists have always been willing to provide.
The schemes have nothing to do with world monetary conferences such as Bretton Woods, the G-8, the Bank for International Settlements, the Federal Reserve, or humanitarian programs. There are no secret markets available only to the chosen few. It is fraud. The story has changed, the justifications evolve to match current events, but the end result is always the same: investors lose money.
Phishing, Spoofing & Pharming
An industry organization, the
Anti-Phishing Working Group (http://www.antiphishing.org), reports that
identity theft frauds known as "phishing" attacks have increased significantly
over the last year. Phishing, spoofing and pharming are terms used for
criminals' attempts to steal personal financial information through fraudulent
e-mails and Websites designed to appear as though they were generated from
legitimate businesses, financial institutions, and government agencies. These
scams are contributing to a rise in identity theft, and credit card and other
Internet-based frauds. E-commerce customers, including bank customers, have
fallen victim to these scams.
If you receive an e-mail or pop-up message requesting verification of personal
and/or financial information, chances are that someone is trying to lure you
into a phishing scheme. These con artists use letterheads, e-mail and website
addresses of what would appear to be legitimate companies. However, while
convincing, they do not represent the entities at all. They are simply
attempting to gather your personal and financial information to be used to
steal your identity and ruin your name and credit. Legitimate companies will
not use e-mail to obtain confidential information.
Should you receive such an e-mail, follow these steps:
1. Do NOT click on the link provided in the message nor respond in any way.
2. NEVER provide any personal information using the contact information
provided in the e-mail or in the bogus website link! Instead, locate a genuine
telephone number for the company and make contact with them.
3. Forward the e-mail to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) at
spam@uce.gov by attaching the message to a new e-mail. This will ensure
that all original headers are included. When sending the e-mail to the FTC,
copy your local internet service provider's abuse center as well as the
legitimate company (if you can obtain that information). For example, eBay has
an e-mail reporting box set up at spoof@ebay.com
Please refer to OCC Bulletin 2005-24
,
OCC Bulletin 2004-42
, and the
OCC's Anti-Phishing Brochure for further information.
Spam
What is spam? Spam is unsolicited commercial email (UCE), which is sent out in
mass mailings, thus flooding the internet and user mailboxes with unwanted
e-mail. Most spam mail is sent to individuals by con artists advertising a
questionable product or service or touting some fabulous get-rich-quick scheme.
There are generally three steps to take when you receive spam:
1. Forward the e-mail to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) at
spam@uce.gov by attaching the message to a new e-mail. This will ensure
that all original headers are included.
2. Never respond to spam mail, which includes clicking on "unsubscribe" or
"remove" option buttons. By responding in any way will notify the scammers that
they have reached an active e-mail address, and they will continue to send
unwanted mail.
3. Delete the message.
Many times, individuals who respond to spam are later victimized in a scam or
through identify theft.
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