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National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Home | About the Program | Site Map | Contact Us |
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Step 1: Learn about diabetes. |
Step 2: Know your diabetes ABCs. |
Step 3: Manage your diabetes. |
Step 4: Get routine care to avoid problems. |
Diabetes is a serious disease.
You are the most important member of the team.
Help your health care team make a
diabetes care plan that will work
for you.
Learn to make wise choices for your
diabetes care each day.
Phau ntawv no qhia txog 4 kauj ruam los pab koj tswj koj qhov ntshav qab zib thiab ua kom nyob tau mus ntev.
Kauj Ruam 1: Kawm kom paub txog ntshav qab zib. |
Kauj Ruam 2: Paub kom txog saib koj li ntshav qab zib yog yam ABCs. |
Kauj Ruam 3: Tswj koj li ntshav qab zib. |
Kauj Ruam 4: Mus ntsib kws kho mob tsaws caij nyoog thiaj li tib thaiv tau koj tus kheej |
Ntshav qab zib yog ib yam mob phem heev.
Nws ua rau puas tas nro txhua yam hauv koj lub cev. Yeeb vim li hais no mas thiaj yuav tau muaj ib pab neeg los pab nrog koj kho koj qhov ntshav qab zib.
Koj yog tus tseem ceeb tshaj plaw ntawm pab neeg no.
Qhov
nyob hauv phau ntawv nws
qhia txog yam uas koj yuav tau ua los
tswj koj li ntshav qab zib.
Nrog koj cov kws kho mob tsim
ib qho plan los pab koj kho koj
cov ntsav kab zib.
Xaiv
khoom raw li qhov koj muaj
ntshav qab zib thiaj li pab koj
cov ntsav qab
ziblawm nyob rau txhua
hnub.
Diabetes means that your blood glucose (blood sugar) is too high. Here are the main types of diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes — the body does not make insulin. Insulin helps the body use glucose from food for energy. People with type 1 need to take insulin every day.
Type 2 diabetes — the body does not make or use insulin well. People with type 2 often need to take pills or insulin. Type 2 is the most common form of diabetes.
Gestational (jes-TAY-shon-al) diabetes mellitus (GDM) — occurs when a woman is pregnant. It raises her risk of getting another type of diabetes, mostly type 2, for the rest of her life. It also raises her child’s risk of being overweight and getting diabetes.
Diabetes is serious.
You may have heard people say they have “a touch of diabetes” or that their “sugar is a little high.” These words suggest that diabetes is not a serious disease. That is not correct. Diabetes is serious, but you can manage it!
All people with diabetes need to make healthy food choices, stay at a healthy weight, and be active every day.
Taking good care of yourself and your diabetes can help you feel better and avoid health problems caused by diabetes such as:
When your blood glucose is close to normal you are likely to:
When your blood glucose is close to normal you are likely to:
Learn why diabetes is serious.
Learn how
caring for your diabetes
helps you feel better today and in the |
future.
Ntshav qab zib txais tau hais tias koj cov glucose (blood sugar) siab heev lawm. Ntsav qab zib txhais tau hais tias koj cov ntsav muaj qab zib ntau heev lawm.
Yam Type 1 diabetes — lub cev tsis muaj cov insulin. Cov Insulin yog cov pab lub cev siv cov glucose los ntawm zaub mov mus ua lub zog. Cov neeg uas muaj yam type 1 diabetes raug mus lim ntshav txhua hnub.
Yam Type 2 diabetes — lub ceb tsis kam ua los yog tsis kam siv cov insulin zoo lawm. Cov neeg uas muaj yam type 2 diabetes yuav tsum noj tshuaj los yog lim ntshav mus pab. Yam Type 2 lYog yam uas cov neeg mob coob tshaj.
Qhov hu ua Gestational (jes-TAY-shon-al) diabetes mellitus (GDM) — nws muaj rau thaum tus poj niam lub cev xeeb tub. Nws kuj ua rau tus neeg no muaj feem uas mob lwm yam ntshav qab zib tau, ntau tshaj mas yog yam type 2, nyob rau tas nws lub neej. Nws kuj tseem ua tau rau nws tus me nyuam ro thiab muaj ntshav qab zib.
Ntshav qab zib yog ib yam heev kawg.
Koj yuav hnov neeg hais tias lawv muaj “a touch of diabetes” los yog “hais tias lawv li.” Ntsav siab tsem tsawv Tej lus li no qhia tau hais tias ntshav qab zib mas tseem tsis tau muaj teeb meem loj. Qhov li hais no tsis yog lawm. Ntshav qab zib mas yog teeb meem loj kawg kiag li, tabsis koj muaj feem yuav tswj tau nws!
Txhua tus neeg uas muaj ntshav qab zib yuav tau xaiv zaub xaiv mov noj, yuav tau txhob cia rog rog, thiab yuav tau nquag nquag ua ub ua no txhuav hnub.
Tu koj tus kheej kom zoo thiab koj li ntshav qab zib thiaj ua rau koj tau zoo nyob thiab thiaj pab zam tau tej teeb meem ua cov muaj ntshav qab zib yuav ua teeb meem xws li:
Thaum koj cov blood glucose nyob li qhov siv tau ces koj yuav:
Noog cov neeg pab koj no seb yam
ntshav qab zib twg yog yam uas
koj muaj.
Kawm seb yog vim licas ntshav qab
zib thiaj yog teeb meem loj heev.
yuav xyaum
pab koj cov ntsav qab zib
li cas es koj thiaj li yuav noj
qab haus hum
us lawm yav tom ntej.
Talk to you health care team about how to control your A1C, Blood pressure, and Cholesterol. This can help lower your chances of having a heart attack, stroke, or other diabetes problem. Here’s what the ABCs of diabetes stand for:
A for the AIC test (A-one-C).
High blood glucose levels can harm your heart and blood vessels, kidneys, feet, and eyes.
B for Blood pressure.
High blood pressure makes your heart work too hard. It can cause heart attack, stroke, and kidney disease.
C for Cholesterol.
LDL or “bad” cholesterol can build up and clog your blood vessels. It can cause a heart attack or a stroke. HDL or “good” cholesterol helps remove cholesterol from your blood vessels.
Ask your health care team:
what your A1C, Blood pressure,
and cholesterol numbers are
what your ABC numbers should be
what you need to do to reach your targets
Nrog koj pab neeg kho koj tham saib yuav ua licas thiaj yuav tswj tau koj li A1C, Kev ntsuas ntshav siab thiab ntsav muaj tsoj . Qhov no yuav pab kom koj tsis txhob ua rau koj lub plawv nres, muaj hlab ntsha tawg, los yog muaj lwm yam teeb meem uas cov neeg muaj ntshav qab zib muaj. Qhov nram qab no yog qhov qhia hais tias ABCs nyob hauv ntshav qab zib yog dab tsi:
A yog rau qhov A1C test (A-one-C).
Thom koj cov ntsav qab zib siab mas nws yuav ua teeb meem rau koj cov hlab ntsh, ob lub raum kaw taw thiab qhov muag.
B yog siv rau cov ntsav siab.
Ntshav siab mas ua rau koj lub plawv ua hauj lwm nyav heev. Nws kuj ua rau plawv nres, hlav ntsha tawg, thiab raum muaj mob.
C yog rau qhov ntsav muaj rojl.
HDL lub hom phiaj rau txhua tus neeg mas yog siab tshaj li 40.
LDL yuav ua “roj phem” mus daig koj cov hla ntsha. Nws yuav ua koj lub plawv nres, los yog stroke Nws kuj txawj ua rau plawv nres los yogh lab ntsha tawg. HDL “pab” tsem tawm cov roj nyob hauv yus cov ntsav.
Noo cov neeg uas pab kho koj:
seb koj qho A1C, ntsav siab thiab
ntsav muaj roj siab npaum licas.
seb koj li ABC yuav tsum yog licas
seb koj yuav tau ua licas ntxiv koj thiaj
yuav mus txog koj lub hom phiaj uas
nej teev tseg
Many people avoid the long-term problems of diabetes by taking good care of themselves. Work with your health care team to reach your ABC goals. Use this self-care plan.
Use your diabetes food plan. If you do not have one, ask your health care team for one.
Get 30 to 60 minutes of physical activity on most days of the week. Brisk walking is a great way to move more.
Stay at a healthy weight by making healthy food choices and moving more.
Ask for help if you feel down. A mental health counselor, support group, member of the clergy, friend, or family member will listen to your concerns and help you feel better.
Learn to cope with stress. Stress can raise your blood glucose. While it is hard to remove stress from your life, you can learn to handle it.
Stop smoking. Ask for help to quit.
Take medicines even when you feel good. Ask you doctor if you need aspirin to prevent a heart attack or stroke. Tell your doctor if you cannot afford your medicine or if you have any side effects.
Check your feet every day for cuts, blisters, red spots, and swelling. Call your health care team right away about any sores that won’t go away.
Brush your teeth and floss every day to avoid problems with your mouth, teeth, or gums.
Check your blood glucose. You may want to test it one or more times a day.
Check your blood pressure. If your doctor advises.
Report any changes in your eyesight to your doctor.
Talk
to your health care team about your blood
glucose targets. Ask how and when to test your
blood glucose and how to use the results to manage
your diabetes.
Use this plan as a guide to your self-care.
Discuss how your self-care plan is working for
you
each time you visit your health care team
Muaj ntau tus neeg kuj zam tau tej teeb meem muaj ntshav qab zib no yog lawv ua tib zoo tu lawv tus kheej tiag tiag. Ua hauj lwm nrog koj pab neeg ua kho koj es kom koj caum cuag koj li ABC hom phiaj. Siv koj qhov ntawv los pab kho koj.
Siv koj li ntshav qab zib daim phiam los xaiv zaub mov noj. Yog hais tias koj tsis tau muaj ib qho, noog koj cov neeg pab cuam koj.
Qoj ib ce li 30 txog 60 feeb txhua txhua hnub nyob txhua lub lim tiam. Mus kev xwb los yeej yog ib qho zoo heev rau lub cev lawm.
Yuav tsum noj zaub mov zoo thiab qoj ib ce kom tsis txob rog rog.
Nriav kev los pab yog thaum twg koj muaj kev nyuaj siab. Tus neeg pab txog kev nyuaj siab, tus pab sawv daw, tej txwj laug tom tshawj, phooj ywg, yus tsev neeg yuav nrog tham txog yus li kev nyuaj siab thiab ua rau yus tau zoo nyob.
Kawm Yuav tsum tswj yus qho kev nyuaj siab. Kev nyuaj siab yuav ua rau koj cov ntsav qab zi. Kev nyuaj siab yog ib yam uas tshem tawm hauv yus lub neej nyuam heev tias sis yus muaj feem los tswj yus qhov kev nyuaj siab.
Tso kev haus luam yeeb tseg. Nrhiav kev pab rau koj kom koj tso tau kev haus laum yeeb.
Noj tshuaj txawm hais tias koj tau zoo nyob lawm. Nug koj tus kws kho mob seb koj puas yuav siv cov tshuaj aspirin los tiv thaiv tsam plawv nres los yog muaj hlab ntsha tawg. Qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob yog hais tias koj tsis muaj nyiaj them koj cov nqi tshuaj los yog cov tshuaj ua rau koj mob lwm yam ntxiv.
Kuaj koj ob txhais taw tsam to txhua hnub, tsam tawm hlwv, tsam lam muaj qhov liab liab, thiab lam o licas. Hu xov tooj mus qhia rau koj Cov neeg pab cuam yog muaj qhov mob tsis txawj zoo li.
Txhuam hniav thiab nrw hniav txhua hnub kom txhob pub muaj teeb meem nrog koj lub qhov ncauj, koj cov kaus hniav thiab cov pos hniav.
Kuaj koj cov ntsav qab zib. Koj yuav tsum kuaj ib hnub ob peb zaug.
Yog kws kho mob hais, koj yuav tsum kuaj koj cov ntsav siab seb siab npaum li cas.
Yog koj lub qhov muag tsis pom kev, koj yuav tsum qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob.
Nrog koj cov kws pab cuam sab laj txog koj cov
ntsav siab lub hom phiaj. Noog seb koj yuav sim
ntshav li cas thiab thaum twg los yog koj yuav tswj
koj cov ntsav qab zib li cas.
Siv daim plaj no los ua qhov taw kev rau koj kho
koj tus-kheej.
Nrog cov neeg pab cuam tham txhua zaug koj mus
ntsib
lawv txog koj daim ntawv hom phiaj (plan) thiaj li yuav
pab tau koj.
See your health care team at least twice a year to find and treat problems early. Discuss what steps you can take to reach your goals.
At each visit get a:
Two times each year get an:
Once each year get a:
At least once get a:
Ask your health care team about these and other
tests you may need. Ask what your results mean.
Write down the date and time of your next visit.
If you have Medicare, ask your health care team
if
Medicare will cover some of the costs for
learning about healthy eating and diabetes self
care
and special shoes, if you need
them
medical supplies
diabetes medicines
Mus ntsib koj cov neeg pab cuam koj li 2 zaug nyob rau ib xyoo twg mus nug thiab nriav pab kom ntxov me ntsis. Tham txog tej yam uas koj yuav tau ua kom koj mus txog koj lub hom phiaj.
Nyob rau ntxhua zaus nej sib ntsib yuav tau:
Ob zaug tuaj ib xyoo:
Ib lub xyoo twg yuav tau:
Yuav tsum nkaug ib koob tshuaj ib zaug ntawm koj lub neej:
Nug cov neeg pab cuam txog tej yam li nram no
thiab lwm yam kev khuaj uas tseem ceeb rau koj.
Noog seb tej yam kuaj tau ntawd txhais licas.
Sau lub hnub noog thiab sij hawm rau koj qhov
kev
sib ntsib tom ntej cia.
Yog hais tias koj muaj Medicare, nug koj cov
neeg
pab cuam Medicare puas kam them cov nqi li nram no
kawm txog kev noj zaub mov zoo thiab pab
ntshav qab zib xws
li txhais khau rau, yog haiv tias
koj yuav tsum muaj xwb
xwb
tej khoom kho mob hauv tsev
tshuaj los pab rau ntshav qab zib
Many items are offered in English and Spanish.
National Diabetes Education Program
1-800-438-5383
www.ndep.nih.gov
American Association of Diabetes Educators
1-800-TEAM-UP4 (800-832-6874)
www.diabeteseducator.org*
American Diabetes Association
1-800-DIABETES (800-342-2383)
www.diabetes.org*
American Dietetic Association
1-800-366-1655
www.eatright.org*
American Heart Association
800-AHA-USA1 (800-242-8721)
www.americanheart.org*
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1-877-232-3422
www.cdc.gov/diabetes
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
1-800-MEDICARE or (800-633-4227)
www.medicare.gov/health/diabetes.asp
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse
1-800-860-8747
www.niddk.nih.gov
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ National Diabetes Education Program (NDEP) is jointly sponsored by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) with the support of more than 200 partner organizations.
Reviewed by Martha Funnell, MS, RN, CDE
Michigan Diabetes Research and Training Center
Muaj ntau yam yog ua lus Askis thiab lus Mev xwb.
Lub Chaw Qhia Txog Ntshav Qab Zib Thoob Teb Chaw
1-800-438-5383
www.ndep.nih.gov
Lub Koom Haum Rau Cov Neeg Paub Txog Ntshav Qab Zib
1-800-TEAM-UP4 (800-832-6874)
www.diabeteseducator.org*
Lub Khoom Haum Rau Cov Muaj Ntshav Qab Zib
1-800-DIABETES (800-342-2383)
www.diabetes.org*
Koom Haum Cob Qhia Neeg Noj Zaub Mov
1-800-366-1655
www.eatright.org*
Koom Haum Cob Qhia Txog Lub Plawv
800-AHA-USA1 (800-242-8721)
www.americanheart.org*
Lub Chaw Khoo Kab Mob thiab Tiv Thaiv
1-877-232-3422
www.cdc.gov/diabetes
Lub Chaw Rau Cov Muaj Medicare thiab Tau Txais Medicaid Tej Kev
Pab
1-800-MEDICARE or (800-633-4227)
www.medicare.gov/health/diabetes.asp
Lub Teb Chaw Lub Chaw Rau Ntshav Qab Zib thiab Kev Zom Zaub Mov
thiab Mob Raum
Thoob Lub Teb Chaw No Qhov Qhia Txog Mob Ntshav Qab Zib
1-800-860-8747
www.niddk.nih.gov
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ National Diabetes Education Program (NDEP) yog kev koom tes ua kev nrog the National Institutes of Health (NIH) thiab the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) tseem tau kev pab los ntau tshaj li 200 tawm lub khoom haum ua ke.
Tus kuaj yog Martha Funnell, MS, RN, CDE
Michigan Diabetes Research and Training Center
Txais ua lus Hmoob los ntawm the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention Multilingual Services
Tus khuaj cov lus Hmoob yog Zang Fang, Southeast Asia Resource Action
Center (SEARAC), Sacramento, California
* Links to non-Federal organizations are provided solely as a service to our users. Links do not constitute an endorsement of any organization by CDC or the Federal Government, and none should be inferred. The CDC is not responsible for the content of the individual organization Web pages found at this link.