| Agent Name |
Turpentine |
|---|
| CAS Number |
8006-64-2 |
|---|
| Major Category |
Solvents |
|---|
| Synonyms |
Gum spirits of turpentine; Gum turpentine; Oil of turpentine; Oil of turpentine, distillation residue; Oil of turpentine, rectified; Spirit of turpentine; Spirits of turpentine; Sulfate turpentine; Terebenthine [French]; Terpentin oel [German]; Turpentine; Turpentine oil; Turpentine oil, rectified; Turpentine oil, rectifier; Turpentine spirits; Turpentine steam distilled; Turpentine, steam-distilled (Pinus spp.); Wood turpentine; [ChemIDplus] UN1299; UN1300 |
|---|
| Category |
Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Unsaturated |
|---|
| Description |
Colorless liquid with a characteristic odor; [NIOSH] |
|---|
| Sources/Uses |
Used as a solvent for surface coatings, liniments, and perfumes; used as an intermediate for camphor and menthol; [ACGIH] |
|---|
| Comments |
In animal inhalation studies, intoxication is marked by ataxia, tremor, convulsions, and death. After exposures of 750 to 1000 ppm, human subjects complained of eye irritation, headache, dizziness, and nausea. [ACGIH] Turpentine is a common skin sensitizer in painters. [Marks, p. 273] The allergens in turpentine are hydroperoxides of delta-3-carene with higher concentrations in Indonesian than in Portuguese turpentine. [Kanerva, p. 1135] Acute tubular necrosis has been reported after heavy and repeated skin exposures to gasoline, turpentine, petroleum naphtha, and diesel oil. [Rosenstock, p. 577] A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; Inhalation of high concentrations can cause CNS depression and cardiac arrhythmias; A skin sensitizer; May cause effects on the bladder and kidneys; [ICSC] |
|---|
| Reference Link |
Transient re-emergence of oil of turpentine allergy in the pottery industry |
|---|
| Exposure Assessment |
|---|
| Skin Designation (ACGIH) |
No |
|---|
| TLV (ACGIH) |
20 ppm |
|---|
| PEL (OSHA) |
100 ppm |
|---|
| IDLH (NIOSH) |
800 ppm |
|---|
| Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs |
Human data: Exposure of volunteers for several hours at 750 to 1,000 ppm resulted in irritation of the eyes, headache, dizziness, nausea, and acceleration of the pulse [Lehmann and Flury 1943]. The lethal concentration has been reported to be 1,878 ppm [Albaugh 1915]. |
|---|
| Vapor Pressure |
4 mm Hg |
|---|
| Odor Threshold Low |
100 ppm |
|---|
| Odor Threshold High |
200 ppm |
|---|
| Lethal Concentration |
LC50 (rats) = 12,000 mg/m3/6H |
|---|
| Explanatory Notes |
Odor threshold from CHEMINFO; Flash point = 35 deg C; |
|---|
| Flammability (NFPA) |
3: may ignite at ambient temperature |
|---|
| Adverse Effects |
|---|
| Skin Sensitizer |
Yes |
|---|
| Neurotoxin |
CNS Solvent Syndrome |
|---|
| Nephrotoxin |
Yes |
|---|
| Links to Other NLM Databases |
|---|
| Health Studies |
Human Health Effects from Hazardous Substances Data Bank: TURPENTINE
|
|---|
|
|
