| Agent Name |
Manganese |
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| CAS Number |
7439-96-5 |
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| Formula |
Mn |
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| Major Category |
Metals |
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| Synonyms |
Manganese metal: Colloidal manganese; Manganese-55; Manganese compounds; [NIOSH] |
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| Category |
Elements, Metallic |
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| Description |
A lustrous, brittle, silvery solid; [NIOSH] |
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| Sources/Uses |
MINING, SMELTING, AND METALLURGY: Ore mining and crushing operations; Iron and steel production; Ferrous & nonferrous alloys (for rock crushers, railroad points and crossings, etc.); MANUFACTURING: Dry-cell batteries; Anti-knock gasoline additive; Incendiary devices; Matches; Pigments for ceramics, glass, or paints; Dyes & inks; Pesticides; USING: Grind, drill, or arc weld Mn alloy; use Mn welding rods; |
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| Comments |
Manganese is an essential nutrient in the human diet. Daily needs are in the range of 1-10 mg per day. [ATSDR ToxProfiles] Heavy exposure to fume can cause acute pneumonitis. [Harber, p. 498] In reproductive studies, high doses can cause testicular damage in animals. [ATSDR Case Studies # 29] Manganese can accumulate in the body over time to cause chronic neurological disease. [Sullivan, p. 933] Manganese is a "hepatotoxic agent." [Zimmerman, p. 4]Air levels in past decades were in the range of 1-20 mg Mn/m3 in ferroalloy production foundries, dry battery plants, and welding operations. In recent decades, air levels decreased to <1 mg Mn/m3 in similar workplaces. [IRRST: Synthesis of scientific knowledge on the health risks following occupational exposure to manganese] |
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| Reference Link |
EPA - Air Toxics Website - Manganese Compounds |
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| Exposure Assessment |
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| Skin Designation (ACGIH) |
No |
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| Bioaccumulates |
Yes |
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| TLV (ACGIH) |
0.2 mg/m3 |
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| PEL (OSHA) | Ceiling(OSHA) = 5 mg/m3 |
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| MAK |
0.5 mg/m3, inhalable fraction |
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| IDLH (NIOSH) |
500 mg/m3 |
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| Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs |
Chronic exposures to workers averaging 47 mg/m3 caused manganese poisoning, while no cases occurred at exposures less than 30 mg/m3 [Flinn et al. 1940]. Chronic exposure to concentrations averaging 210 mg/m3 have been associated with pneumonia [Lloyd-Davies 1946]. Workers chronically exposed to concentrations of manganese dust averaging 20 mg/m3 showed signs of manganism [Smyth et al. 1973]. |
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| Explanatory Notes |
Melting Point = 2271 degrees F; |
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| Half Life |
Whole body: 2-5 weeks depending on body stores; [TDR, p. 803] |
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| Reference Link |
International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO) |
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| Adverse Effects |
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| Toxic Pneumonitis |
Yes |
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| Neurotoxin |
Parkinson's Syndrome |
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| Hepatotoxin |
Hepatotoxin, Secondary |
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| Reproductive Toxin |
Yes |
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| Links to Other NLM Databases |
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| Health Studies |
Human Health Effects from Hazardous Substances Data Bank: MANGANESE, ELEMENTAL
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