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Table 4. Use of Other Mistletoe Products in Cancer Treatment: Clinical Reports Describing
Therapeutic Endpointsa
Reference Citation(s)
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Type of Study
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Product Tested
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Type(s) of Cancer
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No. of Patients: Enrolled; Treated; Controlb
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Strongest Benefit Reportedc
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Concurrent Therapyd
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Level of Evidence Scoree
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[32] |
Randomized trial |
PS76A2 (Lektinol) |
Breast |
272; unknownf; unknowng |
Improved quality of lifeh |
Yes |
Nonei |
[45] |
Randomized trial |
Isorel |
Colorectal |
64; 50; 14 |
Improved survival and tolerance to either adjuvant or palliative treatment |
Yes |
1iiA |
[46] |
Nonrandomized controlled trial |
Isorel |
Digestive tract |
70; 40; 30 |
Enhanced cellular immunity and improved quality of life |
No |
2C |
[47] |
Nonrandomized controlled trial |
Abnoba-viscum Quercus |
Metastatic colorectal |
25; 25; none |
None |
Yes |
2Diii |
[39] |
Nonrandomized controlled trial |
Viscum fraxini-2 |
Hepatocellular carcinoma |
23; 23; none |
None |
No |
2Dii |
No. = number.
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aSee text and the NCI Dictionary for additional information and definition of terms.
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bNumber of patients treated plus number of patients controlled may not equal number of patients enrolled; number of patients enrolled = number of patients initially recruited/considered by the researchers who conducted a study; number of patients treated = number of enrolled patients who were administered the treatment being studied AND for whom results were reported; historical control subjects are not included in number of patients enrolled.
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cStrongest evidence reported that the treatment under study has anticancer activity or otherwise improves the well-being of cancer patients.
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dChemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, or cytokine therapy administered/allowed at the same time as mistletoe therapy.
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eFor information about levels of evidence analysis and an explanation of the level of evidence scores, see Levels of Evidence for Human Studies of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
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fPatients were randomly assigned to treatment with one of three doses (high, medium, or low) of an extract standardized on the basis of mistletoe lectin concentration.
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gControl patients were treated with an unidentified placebo.
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hQuality of life was assessed using the GLQ-8 global quality-of-life scales (eight self-assessment scales) and the Spitzer uniscale.
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iResults have been reported in abstract form only; level of evidence scoring is not possible due to limited information.
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References
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Wetzel D, Schäfer M: Results of a randomised placebo-controlled multicentre study with PS76A2 (standardised mistletoe preparation) in patients with breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. [Abstract] Phytomedicine 7 (Suppl 2): A-SL-66, 2000.
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Mabed M, El-Helw L, Shamaa S: Phase II study of viscum fraxini-2 in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Cancer 90 (1): 65-9, 2004.
[PUBMED Abstract]
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Cazacu M, Oniu T, Lungoci C, et al.: The influence of isorel on the advanced colorectal cancer. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 18 (1): 27-34, 2003.
[PUBMED Abstract]
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Enesel MB, Acalovschi I, Grosu V, et al.: Perioperative application of the Viscum album extract Isorel in digestive tract cancer patients. Anticancer Res 25 (6C): 4583-90, 2005 Nov-Dec.
[PUBMED Abstract]
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Bar-Sela G, Haim N: Abnoba-viscum (mistletoe extract) in metastatic colorectal carcinoma resistant to 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin-based chemotherapy. Med Oncol 21 (3): 251-4, 2004.
[PUBMED Abstract]
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