|
Glossary for Phase I
Report
Biology & Genetics
- The role of inheritance in determining lifespan, healthiness and the
likelihood of developing certain illnesses. (Source:
WHO, the
Determinants of Health 2008.
 )
Determinants of Health
- The range of personal, social, economic and environmental factors
that determine the health status of individuals or populations. (Source: WHO,
1998. Health
Promotion Glossary [PDF File - 568 KB])
)
- Direct causes and risk factors which, based on scientific evidence or
theory, are thought to influence directly the level of a specific health
problem. These may be defined as the "upstream" factors that affect the health
status of populations and individuals.
(Source: National Public Health
Performance Standards Program, CDC, 2007.
Acronyms,
Glossary, and Reference Terms [PDF File - 1.3 MB])
- Individual biology and behavior, physical and social environments,
policies and interventions, and access to quality health care—have a
profound effect on the health of individuals, communities and the Nation.
(Source: Healthy People 2010)
Developmental Stages
- Categories that can be used to look at the life course in relation to
outcomes. Developmental stages may span different ages, depending on the
outcomes of interest.
Disease Prevention
- An approach that covers measures not only to prevent the occurrence
of disease, such as risk factor reduction, but also to arrest its progress and
reduce its consequences once established.
Digital Divide
- The gap between individuals, households, businesses and geographic
areas at different socio-economic levels with regard to both their
opportunities to access information and communication technologies and to their
use of the Internet for a wide variety of activities. The digital divide
reflects various differences among and within countries. (The World Bank,
International Finance Corporation)
Goal
- A statement, usually general and abstract, of a desired state toward
which a program is directed. (Source: Rossi and Freeman, 1993. Evaluation:
A Systematic Approach.)
- Broad, long-term aims that define a desired result associated with
identified strategic issues. (Source: CDC,
Acronyms,
Glossary, and Reference Terms [PDF File - 1.3 MB])
Health
- A state of complete physical, social and mental well-being, and not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity. (Source:
World Health
Organization
)
- Health is a condition of well being free of disease or infirmity and
a basic and universal human right. (BMJ
1997;314:1409 10 May
)
Health Behavior
- Any activity undertaken by an individual, regardless of actual or
perceived health status, for the purpose of promoting, protecting or
maintaining health, whether or not such behavior is objectively effective
towards that end. (Source: WHO, 1998.
Health Promotion
Glossary [PDF File - 569 KB]).
)
Health Disparity
- A particular type of health difference that is closely linked with
social or economic disadvantage. Health disparities adversely affect groups of
people who have systematically experienced greater social or economic obstacles
to health based on their racial or ethnic group, religion, socioeconomic
status, gender, mental health, cognitive, sensory, or physical disability,
sexual orientation, geographic location, or other characteristics historically
linked to discrimination or exclusion.
Health Equity
- A desirable goal/standard that entails special efforts to improve the
health of those who have experienced social or economic disadvantage. It
requires:
- continuous efforts focused on elimination of health disparities,
including disparities in health care and in the living and working conditions
that influence health, and
- continuous efforts to maintain a desired state of equity after
particular health disparities are eliminated. (Source: Subcommittee on Health
Equity/Health Disparities)
Health Goal
- Summarizes the health outcomes that, in the light of existing
knowledge and resources, a country or community might hope to achieve in a
defined time period. (Source: WHO, 1998.
Health Promotion
Glossary [PDF File - 569 KB])
)
- A general statement of intent and aspiration, intended to reflect the
values of the community in general, and the health sector in particular,
regarding a healthy society. (Source: WHO, 1998.
Health Promotion
Glossary [PDF File - 569 KB])
)
Health Interventions
- Include health promotion, disease prevention, and primary health
care. (Source: WHO, 1998.
Health Promotion
Glossary [PDF File - 569 KB])
)
Health Outcome
- Any medically or epidemiologically defined characteristic of patients
or a health problem in a population that results from health promotion or care
provided or required as measured at one point in time. (Source: Green and
Kreuter, 1991. Health Promotion Planning: An Educational and Environmental
Approach.)
- A change in the health status of an individual, group or population
which is attributable to a planned intervention or series of interventions,
regardless of whether such an intervention was intended to change health
status. (Source: WHO, 1998.
Health Promotion
Glossary [PDF File - 569 KB])
)
Health Policy
- A formal statement or procedure within institutions (notably
government) which defines priorities and the parameters for action in response
to health needs available resources and other political pressures. (Source:
WHO, 1998. Health
Promotion Glossary [PDF File - 569 KB])
)
Health Promotion
- A process of enabling people to increase control over their health
and its determinants, and thereby improve their health. (Source:
WHO, Regional Office for Southeast Asia)
Health Services
- Access and use of quality and affordable services that prevent, treat
and track states of health. (Source:
WHO, 2008.)
Healthy People 2020 Framework
- The vision statement, mission statement; overarching goals,
recommendations for organizing objectives, and graphic model to depict key
concepts and processes in Healthy People 2020.
Intervention
- The act or fact or a method of affecting the outcome or course,
especially of a condition or process (as to prevent harm or improve
functioning). MERRIAM-WEBSTER
ONLINE
- The part of a strategy, incorporating method and technique that
actually reaches a person or population. (Source: Green and Kreuter, 1991.
Health Promotion Planning: An Educational and Environmental
Approach.)
- A program or other planned effort designed to produce changes in a
target population. (Source: Rossi and Freeman, 1993. Evaluation: A
Systematic Approach.)
Life Stages
- Categories that can be used to divide the life course into discrete
blocks (e.g., infancy, childhood, etc.) to facilitate monitoring.
Mission Statement
- A description of the unique purpose of an organization. The mission
statement serves as a guide for activities and outcomes and inspires the
organization to make decisions that will facilitate the achievement of goals.
(Source: National Public Health Performance Standards Program, CDC, 2007.
Acronyms,
Glossary, and Reference Terms [PDF File - 1.3 MB])
Model
- A description or analogy used to help visualize something that cannot
be directly observed. (MERRIAM-WEBSTER ONLINE)
- Models can perform two fundamentally different representational
functions. On the one hand, a model can be a representation of a selected part
of the world (the 'target system'). On the other hand, a model can represent a
theory in the sense that it interprets the laws and axioms of that theory.
These two notions are not mutually exclusive. (Stanford
Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
Objective
- A defined result of specific activity to be achieved in a finite
period of time by a specified person or number of people. Objectives state
who will experience what change or benefit by how
much and by when. (Source: Green and Kreuter, 1991. Health
Promotion Planning: An Educational and Environmental Approach)
- Specific, operationalized statements detailing the desired
accomplishments of a program. (Source: Rossi and Freeman, 1993. Evaluation:
A Systematic Approach.)
- Results of specific activities or outcomes to be achieved over a
stated time. Objectives are specific, measurable, and realistic statements of
intention. Objectives state who will experience what change or benefit and how
much change is to be experienced in what time. (Source: National Public Health
Performance Standards Program, CDC, 2007.
Acronyms,
Glossary, and Reference Terms [PDF File - 1.3 MB])
Physical Environment
- The structure and function of the environment and how it impacts
health (Source:
WHO, the Determinants of Health 2008.)
Policy
- A definite course or method of action selected from alternatives and
in light of given conditions to guide and determine present and future
decisions;a high-level overall plan embracing the general goals and acceptable
procedures especially of a governmental body. (MERRIAM-WEBSTER ONLINE)
- The set of objectives and rules guiding the activities of an
organization or an administration, and providing authority for allocation of
resources. (Source: Green and Kreuter, 1991. Health Promotion Planning: An
Educational and Environmental Approach)
Policy Development:
- The means by which problem identification, technical knowledge of
possible solutions and societal values converge to set a course of action
(Institute of Medicine. The Future of Public Health. Washington, DC: The
National Academy Press; 1988).
- Policy development is a process that enables informed decisions to be
made concerning issues related to the public's health. (Source: National Public
Health Performance Standards Program, CDC, 2007.
Acronyms,
Glossary, and Reference Terms [PDF File - 1.3 MB])
Prevalence
- A measure of the extent of a disease or health problem in a
population based on the number of cases (old and new) existing in the
population at a given time. (Source: Green and Kreuter, 1991. Health
Promotion Planning: An Educational and Environmental Approach)
Priority
- A thing that is regarded as more important than others. (Source:
Oxford English
Dictionary)
- Alternatives ranked according to feasibility or value (importance) or
both. (Source: Green and Kreuter, 1991. Health Promotion Planning: An
Educational and Environmental Approach.)
Program
- A plan or system under which action may be taken toward a goal (MERRIAM-WEBSTER ONLINE)
- A set of planned activities over time designed to achieve specific
objectives (Source: Green and Kreuter, 1991. Health Promotion Planning: An
Educational and Environmental Approach)
Social Environment
- The aggregate of social and cultural institutions, patterns, beliefs
and processes that influence the life of an individual or community. (Source: WHO, the
Determinants of Health 2008.)
Vision Statement
- A compelling and inspiring image of a desired and possible future
that a community seeks to achieve. (Bezold C. On Futures Thinking for Health
and Health Care: Trends, Scenarios, Visions, and Strategies. Alexandria, VA:
Institute for Alternative Futures; 1991).
- A vision expresses goals that are worth striving for and appeals to
ideals and values that are shared throughout the local public health system.
(Source: National Public Health Performance Standards Program, CDC, 2007.
Acronyms, Glossary, and Reference Terms
top of page
Continue to Appendix 1. Members of the
Secretary's Advisory Committee on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Objectives for 2020
Back to Section VI. Next Steps
for Phase II of Developing Healthy People 2020
Return to Phase I Report Table of Contents
|
