Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS)
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TABLE 5 - Values of Travel Time Savings (VTTS)

$ per person-hour noncommuter car driver

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Attribute Model 1: All attributes assumed to be attended to Model 2: Deterministic attribute exclusion
Sample mean Sample standard deviation Sample mean Sample standard deviation
Free flow time 17.80 9.12 18.89 8.08
Slowed down time 17.61 7.73 24.96 11.89
Range: free flow time −8.30 to 67.31 −8.30 to 67.31 −4.30 to 52.49 −4.30 to 52.49
Range: slowed down time −66.91 to 35.69 −66.91 to 35.69 −6.53 to 63.26 −6.53 to 63.26
Proportion of negative VTTS 2.90 2.32 0.78 0.78
Ratio slowed to free flow time 0.989 0.848 1.321 1.472
Sample size 3,568 3,568 3,072 2,944