Table 4-38,,,,,,,,,,,
Estimated National Average Vehicle Emissions Rates by Vehicle Type and Fuel (Grams per mile),,,,,,,,,,,
,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000E
Gasoline (assuming zero RFG),,,,,,,,,,,
Light-duty vehicles,,,,,,,,,,,
  Exhaust and nonexhaust ,,,,,,,,,,,
       hydrocarbons (HC),3.09,2.91,2.77,2.65,2.57,2.49,R2.42,2.36,2.29,2.23,2.16
    (Exhaust HC),(2.05),(1.92),(1.81),(1.72),(1.66),(1.60),(1.55),(1.51),(1.47),(1.44),(1.42)
    (Nonexhaust HC),(1.04),(0.99),(0.96),(0.93),(0.91),(0.89),(0.87),(0.85),(0.82),(0.79),(0.74)
  Exhaust carbon monoxide (CO),24.68,23.42,22.40,21.65,21.10,20.52,20.14,19.86,19.52,19.36,19.28
  Exhaust nitrogen oxide (NOx),1.81,1.76,1.72,1.69,1.67,1.61,1.56,1.51,1.45,1.41,1.38
Light-duty trucks,,,,,,,,,,,
  Exhaust and nonexhaust HC,4.68,4.34,4.01,3.77,3.57,3.38,3.24,3.14,3.01,2.93,2.85
    (Exhaust HC),(3.24),(3.03),(2.80),(2.61),(2.46),(2.31),(2.21),(2.13),(2.05),(1.99),(1.95)
    (Nonexhaust HC),(1.44),(1.31),(1.21),(1.16),(1.11),(1.07),(1.03),(1.01),(0.96),(0.94),(0.90)
  Exhaust CO,36.32,34.01,31.78,30.03,28.62,27.41,26.83,26.38,25.69,25.29,24.99
  Exhaust NOx,2.36,2.25,2.16,2.10,2.04,1.97,1.95,1.92,1.87,1.84,1.80
Heavy-duty vehicles,,,,,,,,,,,
  Exhaust and nonexhaust HC,11.89,10.90,10.06,9.24,8.49,7.89,7.30,6.70,6.11,5.70,5.32
    (Exhaust HC),(7.45),(6.79),(6.22),(5.53),(4.92),(4.51),(4.13),(3.73),(3.33),(3.07),(2.82)
    (Nonexhaust HC),(4.44),(4.11),(3.84),(3.71),(3.57),(3.38),(3.17),(2.97),(2.78),(2.63),(2.50)
  Exhaust CO,131.19,120.49,111.05,101.92,93.61,85.10,76.97,69.13,61.07,54.65,48.67
  Exhaust NOx,6.49,6.28,6.05,5.85,5.69,5.48,5.36,5.25,5.05,4.89,4.72
Motorcycles,,,,,,,,,,,
  Exhaust and nonexhaust HC,4.68,4.56,4.48,4.41,4.38,4.33,4.29,4.29,4.27,4.26,4.26
    (Exhaust HC),(2.31),(2.19),(2.11),(2.05),(2.02),(1.96),(1.93),(1.92),(1.90),(1.89),(1.89)
    (Nonexhaust HC),(2.37),(2.37),(2.37),(2.36),(2.36),(2.37),(2.36),(2.37),(2.37),(2.37),(2.37)
  Exhaust CO,20.89,20.61,20.60,20.59,20.59,20.47,20.47,20.47,20.35,20.35,20.35
  Exhaust NOx,0.85,0.85,0.85,0.85,0.85,0.84,0.84,0.84,0.83,0.83,0.83
,,,,,,,,,,,
Diesel,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,
Light-duty vehicles,,,,,,,,,,,
  Exhaust HC,0.73,0.74,0.75,0.75,0.76,0.77,0.76,0.74,0.71,0.67,0.63
  Exhaust CO,1.68,1.71,1.72,1.73,1.74,1.74,1.74,1.71,1.67,1.62,1.57
  Exhaust NOx,1.65,1.67,1.68,1.68,1.66,1.64,1.60,1.55,1.48,1.40,1.33
Light-duty trucks,,,,,,,,,,,
  Exhaust HC,1.08,1.14,1.15,1.14,1.13,1.11,1.09,1.05,0.98,0.91,0.84
  Exhaust CO,2.03,2.10,2.09,2.07,2.04,2.02,1.99,1.95,1.88,1.80,1.73
  Exhaust NOx,1.97,2.00,1.99,1.97,1.94,1.90,1.85,1.78,1.67,1.56,1.46
Heavy-duty vehicles,,,,,,,,,,,
  Exhaust HC,3.30,3.08,2.89,2.75,2.65,2.54,2.44,2.36,2.30,2.25,2.22
  Exhaust CO,13.71,13.38,13.07,12.76,12.50,12.28,12.08,11.93,11.77,11.63,11.53
  Exhaust NOx,21.05,19.59,18.14,16.89,15.81,14.79,13.96,13.33,12.66,11.93,11.24
,,,,,,,,,,,
"Average of all vehicles, gasoline and diesel",,,,,,,,,,,
  Exhaust and nonexhaust HC,3.75,3.52,3.31,3.15,3.02,2.90,2.80,2.71,2.62,2.54,2.47
    (Exhaust HC),(2.56),(2.40),(2.25),(2.13),(2.03),(1.93),(1.86),(1.80),R(1.74),(1.70),(1.67)
    (Nonexhaust HC),R(1.18),(1.12),(1.06),(1.02),R(1.00),(0.97),(0.94),(0.91),(0.88),(0.84),(0.80)
  Exhaust CO,29.97,28.29,26.81,25.62,24.68,23.75,23.11,22.58,21.94,21.53,21.20
  Exhaust NOx,3.09,2.99,2.89,2.80,2.73,2.63,2.56,2.50,2.41,2.34,2.27
KEY: E = estimate; GVWR = gross vehicle weight rating; R = revised; RFG = reformulated gasoline.,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,
"NOTES:  As of July 1 of each year.  Vehicles types are defined as follows: light-duty vehicles (passenger cars up to 6,000 lb GVWR); ",,,,,,,,,,,
"light-duty trucks (pickups and minivans up to 8,500 lb GVWR); heavy-duty vehicles (8,501 lbs or more GVWR) ; motorcycle (highway ",,,,,,,,,,,
"only). This table revises the data shown in National Transportation Statistics because it is based on MOBILE5b, the U.S. Environmental ",,,,,,,,,,,
Protection Agency's (EPA) latest highway vehicle emissions factor model. Interested readers can learn more about the Mobile5b model at the,,,,,,,,,,,
following USEPA Internet site http://www.epa.gov/otaq.  Emissions factors are national averages based on the following assumptions: ,,,,,,,,,,,
"ambient temperature 75º F, daily temperature range 60º-84º F, average traffic speed 19.6 mph (representative of overall traffic in urban ",,,,,,,,,,,
"areas), standard operating mode (cold-start, hot-start, stabilized), vehicle-miles traveled fractions, no inspection/maintenance or ",,,,,,,,,,,
"antitampering programs, and gasoline volatility 9.0 per square inch RVP (Reid vapor pressure).",,,,,,,,,,,
   See Table 4-39 for emissions from vehicles operating on reformulated gasoline.,,,,,,,,,,,
"   Data for nonexhaust HC is negligible for diesel light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, and heavy-duty vehicles.",,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,
"SOURCE:  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory, unpublished data, Aug. 10, 2000.",,,,,,,,,