Table 4-30d,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Newly Manufactured Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "Light Duty Trucks (Category LDT4) a,b,c (Grams per mile)",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Tier 1k,,Interim Tier 2k,,Tier 2k, Engine type and pollutant,Prior to controlg,1968-1969,1970-1971,1972,1973-1974,1975,1976-1978,1979-1981,198219-83,1984,1985-1986,1987,1988-1989,1990,1991-1995,1996-2007,,2008,,2009+, Gasoline,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, HC (total),11,I,2.2,3.4,,2.0,,1.7,,0.80 ,,,,,,j,(0.80),j,,, NMHC,h,j,,,,,,,,,,,,,,0.39,(0.56),j,,, NMOG,h,j,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,0.160,(0.230),0.125,(0.156) CO,80,i,23,39,,20,,18,,10,,,,,,5.0,(7.3),4.4,(6.4),3.4,(4.2) Cold-temp. COd,h,j,,,,,,,,,,,,,,12.5,(j),,,, NOx,4,j,,,3.0,3.1,,2.3,,,,,2.3,1.7,,1.1,(1.53),0.4,(0.6),0.14,(0.20) Particulates,h,j,,,,,,,,,,,,,,j,(0.12),0.08,(0.08),0.02,(0.02) Formaldehyde,h,j,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,0.018,(0.027),0.015,(0.018) Diesel,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, HC (total),11,j,,,,,2.0,1.7,,0.80 ,,,,,,j,(0.80),j,,, NMHC,h,j,,,,,,,,,,,,,,0.39,(0.56),j,,, NMOG,h,j,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,j,(0.230),0.125,(0.156) CO,80,j,,,,,20,18,,10,,,,,,5.0,(7.3),j,(6.4),3.4,(4.2) NOx,4,j,,,,,3.1,2.3,,,,,2.3,1.7,,j,(1.53),j,(0.6),0.14,(0.20) Particulates,h,j,,,,,,,0.60 ,,,0.50 ,0.45,,0.13,j,(0.12),j,(0.08),0.02,(0.02) Formaldehyde,h,j,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,j,(0.027),0.015,(0.018) LDT4 weight criteriae ,,"GVWR up through 6,000 pounds",,,,,," GVWR up through 8,500 pounds",,,,,Any ALVW,,,"ALVW over 5,750 pounds",,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,"GVWR 6,001-8,500 pounds",,,,,,,, Test procedureb,,7-mode,,CVS-72,,CVS-75,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "Useful life (intermediate)c, f",,j,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"5 years/50,000 miles",,,,, (full),,"5 years/50,000 miles",,,,,,,,,"11 years/120,000 miles",,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, KEY: ALVW=adjusted loaded vehicle weight; CO = carbon monoxide; GVWR=gross vehicle weight rating; HC = hydrocarbons;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, NMHC=nonmethane hydrocarbon; NMOG=nonmethane organic gases; NOx=nitrogen oxides.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "aLight-duty truck categories LDT1-LDT4 were not created until 1994. From 1968 to 1978 all trucks with a GVWR up to 6,000 pounds were classified as light-duty trucks",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "and were required to meet the same standards. As of 1979, the maximum weight was raised to 8,500 pounds GVWR. During 1988-93, light-duty trucks were divided into",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "two subcategories that coincide with the current LDT1-LDT4 categories. The standards for LDT1, LDT2, and LDT3 are given in tables 4-30a, 4-40b, and 4-30c.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, bThe test procedure for measuring exhaust emissions has changed several times over the course of vehicle emissions regulation. The 7-mode procedure was used through model year ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1971 and was replaced by the CVS-72 procedure beginning in model year 1972. The CVS-75 procedure became the test procedure as of model year 1975. While it may appear that the total ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "HC and CO standards were relaxed in 1972-74, these standards were actually more stringent due to the more stringent nature of the CVS-72 test procedure. ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Additional standards for CO and composite standards for NMHC and NOx tested over the new Supplemental Federal Test Procedure will be phased-in ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, beginning with model year 2002. These standards are not shown in this table.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "cEmissions standards had to be met for a full useful life of 5 years/50,000 miles through model year 1983, and a full useful life of 11 years/120,000 miles was defined for",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1985-93 (several useful life options were available for 1984). Beginning in model year 1996, emissions standards were established for an intermediate useful life of 5",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "years/50,000 miles as well as a full useful life of 11 years/120,000 miles (intermediate and full useful life standards are shown in parentheses). This applied to all pollutants except HC and",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "particulates for all LDT4 vehicles and NOx for diesel-powered LDT4 vehicles, which were only required to meet full useful life standards. Tier 1 exhaust standards were phased-in during",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1996-97 at a rate of 50% and 100%, respectively.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "dThe cold CO emissions standard is measured at 20 degrees F (rather than 75 degrees F) and is applicable for a 5-year/50,000-mile useful life.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, eGVWR is the maximum design loaded weight. ALVW is the numerical average of the GVWR and the curb weight.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "f Manufacturers can opt to certify vehicles for a full useful life of 15 years/150,000 miles and either have (1) intermediate useful life standards waived or (2) receive additional NOx credits.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "gThe ""Prior to controls"" column reports emissions estimates of a typical newly manufactured car in the years before exhaust emissions certification standards were implemented.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, hNo estimate available.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "i In 1968-69, exhaust emissions standards were issued in parts per million rather than grams per mile and are, therefore, incompatible with this table.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, j No standard has been set.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "kThe term ""tier"" refers to a level of standards for specific years. Interim 2 refers to an intermediate level of standards that moves manufacturers toward compliance with Tier 2 standards. ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "Interim Tier 2 and Tier 2 standards are established as ""bins."" Each bin is a set of standards for NOx, CO, NMOG, formaldehyde, and particulate matter (HC and non-methane HC standards are ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, dropped for Tier 2 and interim Tier 2). Manufacturers may certify any given vehicle family to any of the bins available for that vehicle class as long as the resulting sales-weighted corporate average,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, NOx standard is met for full useful life. The Tier 2 corporate average NOx standard is 0.07 grams/mile. Interim corporate-based average NOx standards are based on vehicle type. The interim corporate ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "sales-weighted average for LDT4 vehicles is 0.6 grams/mile. Tier 2 standards will be phased in during 2008 and 2009. In 2008, 50% of LDT4 vehicles must meet Tier 2 standards; the others ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "must meet Interim Tier 2 standards. Beginning in 2009, all LDT4 vehicles must meet Tier 2 standards.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Sources:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "40 CFR 86, Subpart A (July 1, 1998).",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, personal communication, April 1999, and the",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "Federal Register, Vol. 65, No. 28, pp. 6851-6870.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,