Table A:  Social and Economic Characteristics of the United States,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,1980,1985,1990,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,
TOTAL U.S. resident population a (thousands),"226,546","237,924","248,791","266,278","269,394","272,647","275,854","279,040","(R) 281,425","(R) 285,102","(R) 287,941","(R) 290,789","293,655",
Population by Age (thousands),,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Under 18,"63,754","62,623","63,949","69,465","70,226","70,917","71,428","71,947","(R) 72,307","(R) 72,610","(R) 72,864","(R) 73,050","73,278",
18-24 years,"30,022","28,902","26,961","25,482","25,275","25,479","26,059","26,685","(R) 27,193","(R) 27,968","(R) 28,442","(R) 28,924","29,245", 
25-34,"37,082","41,696","43,174","45,052","41,809","41,345","40,757","40,178","(R) 39,895","(R) 39,666","(R) 39,717","(R) 39,842","40,032",
35-44,"25,634","31,691","37,444","42,711","43,552","44,229","44,748","45,077","(R) 45,150","(R) 45,122","(R) 44,782","(R) 44,396","44,108",
45-54,"22,800","22,460","25,062","31,480","32,800","34,178","35,232","36,578","(R) 37,674","(R) 39,371","(R) 39,968","(R) 40,802","41,619",
55-64,"21,703","22,135","21,116","21,320","21,590","22,099","23,011","23,778","(R) 24,273","(R) 25,037","(R) 26,582","(R) 27,832","29,079",
65 and over,"25,550","28,415","31,084","33,769","34,143","34,402","34,619","34,798","(R) 34,986","(R) 35,328","(R) 35,585","(R) 35,943","36,294",
Population by Sex a (thousands),,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Male,"110,053","115,730","121,284","130,215","131,807","133,474","135,130","136,803","(R) 138,056","(R) 140,013","(R) 141,519","(R) 143,024","144,537",
Female,"116,493","122,194","127,507","136,063","137,587","139,173","140,724","142,237","(R) 143,368","(R) 145,089","(R) 146,422","(R) 147,765","149,118",
Population in Metropolitan areas b (millions) ,177,U,198,210,212,214,216,U,(R) 233,236,(R) 239,(R) 241,244,
Large (over 1 million),119,U,139,147,149,151,153,U,(R) 149,152,(R) 154,(R) 156,158,
"Medium (250,000-999,999)",41,U,41,44,44,43,43,U,(R) 56,57,(R) 58,(R) 57,58
"Small (less than 250,000)",17,U,18,19,19,20,20,U,(R) 28,27,(R) 28,(R) 28,28
Population in Micropolitan areas b (millions),NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,(R) 29,30,(R) 30,(R) 30,30
Population in Rural / Urbanc areas (thousands) ,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Rural,"59,495",U,"61,656",U,U,U,U,U,"59,061",U,U,U,U
Urban,"167,051",U,"187,053",U,U,U,U,U,"222,361",U,U,U,U
Population in Regions a (millions),,,,,,,,,,,,,
Northeast,49.1,49.9,50.8,52.3,52.5,52.7,53.0,53.3,(R) 53.6,(R) 53.9,(R) 54.2,(R) 54.4,54.6
South,75.4,81.4,85.5,93.2,94.7,96.2,97.7,99.2,(R) 100.2,(R) 101.8,(R) 103.2,(R) 104.5,105.9
Midwest,58.9,58.8,59.7,62.5,62.9,63.3,63.7,64.1,(R) 64.4,(R) 64.8,(R) 65.1,(R) 65.4,65.7
West,43.2,47.8,52.8,58.3,59.2,60.3,61.4,62.4,(R) 63.2,(R) 64.5,(R) 65.5,(R) 66.4,67.4
Number of Immigrants admitted d,"530,639","570,009","1,536,483","720,461","915,900","798,378","654,451","646,568","849,807","1,064,318","1,063,732","705,827","946,142"
Total area e (square miles) ,"3,618,770",U,"3,717,796",U,U,U,U,U,"3,794,083",U,U,U,U
Gross domestic product (chained $ 2000 billions) f  ,U,U,U,U,U,U,"9,066.9","9,470.3","9,817.0","9,890.7","(R) 10,048.8","(R) 10,320.6","10,755.7"
"Government, total",U,U,U,U,U,U,"1,165.7","1,178.7","1,202.7","1,212.2","(R) 1,232.4","(R) 1,248.0","1,260.0"
"Private industry, total",U,U,U,U,U,U,"7,896.0","8,285.5","8,614.3","8,692.5","(R) 8,817.1","(R) 9,060.3","9,481.7"
"Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting",U,U,U,U,U,U,84.6,87.4,98.0,91.8,(R) 96.8,(R) 104.2,106.0
Mining,U,U,U,U,U,U,123.4,126.6,121.3,114.9,(R) 107.6,(R) 106.0,108.4
Utilities,U,U,U,U,U,U,171.3,179.2,189.3,180.0,(R) 187.7,(R) 202.3,204.5
Construction,U,U,U,U,U,U,423.2,433.3,435.9,436.6,(R) 428.1,(R) 422.4,432.9
Manufacturing,U,U,U,U,U,U,"1,286.2","1,342.1","1,426.2","1,346.9","(R) 1,384.4","(R) 1,410.4","1,478.1"
Wholesale trade,U,U,U,U,U,U,564.7,594.1,591.7,633.1,(R) 639.4,(R) 653.6,683.7
Retail trade,U,U,U,U,U,U,598.8,633.9,662.4,708.6,(R) 724.0,(R) 749.9,797.7
Transportation and warehousing,U,U,U,U,U,U,275.8,287.4,301.6,293.6,(R) 300.2,(R) 311.2,323.8
Information,U,U,U,U,U,U,377.0,437.5,458.3,476.8,(R) 487.0,(R) 500.0,563.8
"Finance, insurance, real estate, rental, and leasing",U,U,U,U,U,U,"1,741.7","1,834.3","1,931.0","2,005.4","(R) 2,023.6","(R) 2,093.3","2,173.1"
Professional and business services,U,U,U,U,U,U,"1,049.3","1,105.5","1,140.8","1,133.4","(R) 1,131.6","(R) 1,168.1","1,243.3"
"Educational services, health care, and social assistance",U,U,U,U,U,U,648.6,660.1,678.4,700.1,(R) 729.5,(R) 749.8,773.6
"Arts, entertainment, recreation, accomodation, and food services",U,U,U,U,U,U,327.2,339.0,350.1,347.6,(R) 353.7,(R) 364.1,375.2
"Other services, except government",U,U,U,U,U,U,233.4,229.7,229.1,225.3,(R) 226.1,(R) 228.6,231.4
Total civilian labor force (thousands),"106,940","115,461","125,840","132,304","133,943","136,297","137,673","139,368","142,583","143,734","144,863","146,510","147,401"
Participation rate of men (percent),77.4,76.3,76.4,75.0,74.9,75.0,74.9,74.7,74.8,74.4,74.1,73.5,73.3
Participation rate of women (percent),51.5,54.5,57.5,58.9,59.3,59.8,59.8,60.0,59.9,59.8,59.6,59.5,59.2
Number of households (thousands),"80,776","86,789","93,347","98,990","99,627","101,018","102,528","103,874","104,705","108,209","109,297","111,278","112,000"
Average size of households,2.76,2.69,2.63,2.65,2.65,2.64,2.62,2.61,2.62,2.58,2.58,2.57,2.57
Median household income g (constant $ 2004) ,"38,453","39,545","41,963","41,943","42,544","43,430","45,003","46,129","46,058","45,062","44,546","44,482","44,389"
Average household expenditures g (constant $ 2004) ,U,"41,238","41,019","39,991","40,690","40,980","41,181","41,947","41,735","42,151","42,712","41,904","43,395"
KEY:  NA = not applicable; R = revised; U = data are not available.,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"a  Estimates as of July 1 except 1980, 1990, and 2000, which are as of April 1.",,,,,,,,,,,,,
"b New metropolitan area definitions were published by the Office of Budget and Management (OMB) in 2003. These definitions were applied to population data by the Census Bureau beginning with the data from the 2000 Census. A new term, core based statistical areas (CBSAs), collectively refers to metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas. A metropolitan statistical area is defined as having at least one urbanized area of 50,000 or more inhabitants. A micropolitan statistical area is defined as having at least one urban cluster of more than 10,000 but less than 50,000 inhabitants.",,,,,,,,,,,,,
c As of April 1 of year indicated. The Census Bureau only tabulates urban / rural numbers for the decennial census years.,,,,,,,,,,,,,
d  Fiscal year ending September 30.,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"e  The Census Bureau calculates square mileage comprising land and water area for the decennial census years.  Data for 1980 comprises land and inland water.  Data for 1990 comprises land, Great Lakes, inland water, and coastal water.  Data for 2000 comprises land, Great Lakes, inland water, territorial water, and coastal water.  ",,,,,,,,,,,,,
f Sums of chained-dollar estimates do not add to national totals because the chain-type indices used to derive them are based on weights of more than one period. ,,,,,,,,,,,,,
g  Converted to constant 2004 dollars using the CPI-U-RS price index.,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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SOURCES,,,,,,,,,,,,,
U.S. resident population:,,,,,,,,,,
"1980: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States 2004-2005 (Washington, DC: 2004), table 11, Internet site hhttp://www.census.gov/prod/www/statistical-abstract.html as of Feb. 2, 2005.",,,,,,,,,,
"1985:  Ibid., Statistical Abstract of the United States 2000 (Washington, DC: 2001), table 15.",,,,,,,,,,
"1990-99: Ibid., National Intercensal Estimates of the United States Resident Population by Age and Sex (Washington, DC: 2004), Internet site http://www.census.gov/popest/archives/EST90INTERCENSAL/US-EST90INT-datasets.html as of Feb. 2, 2006.",,,,,,,,,,
"2000-04: Ibid., Annual Estimates of the Population by Selected Age Groups and Sex for the United States (Washington, DC: June 2005), table 2, Internet site http://www.census.gov/popest/national/asrh/NC-EST2004-sa.html as of Feb. 2, 2006.",,,,,,,,,,
Age:,,,,,,,,,,
"1980: Ibid., Statistical Abstract of the United States 2004-2005 (Washington, DC: 2004), table 11, Internet site http://www.census.gov/prod/www/statistical-abstract.html as of Feb. 8, 2005.",,,,,,,,,,
"1985: Ibid., Statistical Abstract of the United States 2000 (Washington, DC: 2001), table 12.",,,,,,,,,,
"1990-99: Ibid., National Intercensal Estimates of the United States Resident Population by Age and Sex (Washington, DC: 2004), Internet site http://www.census.gov/popest/archives/EST90INTERCENSAL/US-EST90INT-datasets.html as of Feb. 2, 2006.",,,,,,,,,,
"2000-04: Ibid., Statistical Abstract of the United States 2006 (Washington, DC: 2006), table 11, Internet site http://www.census.gov/prod/www/statistical-abstract.html as of Jan.18, 2006.",,,,,,,,,,
Sex:,,,,,,,,,,
"1980: Ibid., Statistical Abstract of the United States 2004-2005 (Washington, DC: 2004), table 11, Internet site http://www.census.gov/prod/www/statistical-abstract-04.html as of Feb. 2, 2005.",,,,,,,,,,
"1985: Ibid., Historical Annual Time Series of State Population Estimates and Demographic Components of Change 1980 to 1990, by Single Year of Age and Sex (Washington, DC: 2004), Internet site http://www.census.gov/popest/archives/1980s/80s_st_age_sex.html as of Feb. 2, 2005. 
",,,,,,,,,,
"1990-99: Ibid., National Intercensal Estimates of the United States Resident Population by Age and Sex (Washington, DC: 2004), Internet site http://www.census.gov/popest/archives/EST90INTERCENSAL/US-EST90INT-datasets.html as of Feb. 2, 2006.",,,,,,,,,,
"2000-04: Ibid., Annual Estimates of the Population by Selected Age Groups and Sex for the United States(Washington, DC: June 2005), table 2, Internet site http://www.census.gov/propest/national/asrh/NC-EST2004-sa.html as of Feb. 2, 2006.",,,,,,,,,,
Metropolitan areas:,,,,,,,,,,
"1980-90, 1998: Ibid., Statistical Abstract of the United States 2000 (Washington, DC: 2001), table 32.",,,,,,,,,,
"2000-04: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas (Washington, DC: January 2006), table 1, Internet site http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/Estimates%20pages_final.html as of Mar. 7, 2006.  ",,,,,,,,,,
Micropolitan areas:,,,,,,,,,,
"2000-04: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas (Washington, DC: January 2006), table 1, Internet site http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/Estimates%20pages_final.html as of Mar. 7, 2006.  ",,,,,,,,,,
Rural / urban:,,,,,,,,,,
"1980-90: Ibid., Statistical Abstract of the United States 2000 (Washington, DC: 2001), table 37.",,,,,,,,,,
"2000: Ibid., Census 2000: Summary File 2 (SF 2),  Internet site http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/2001/sumfile2.html as of June 18, 2003.",,,,,,,,,,
Regions: ,,,,,,,,,,
"1985: Ibid., Statistical Abstract of the United States 1995 (Washington, DC: 1996), table 27.",,,,,,,,,,
"1995-99: Ibid., Time Series of Intercensal Estimates (Washington DC: 2004), http://www.census.gov/popest/archives/2000s/vintage_2001/CO-EST2001-12/ as of Feb. 2, 2005.",,,,,,,,,,
"1980, 1990, 2000-04: Ibid., Statistical Abstract of the United States 2006 (Washington, DC: 2006), table 17, Internet site http://www.census.gov/prod/www/statistical-abstract.html as of Jan. 18, 2006.",,,,,,,,,,
Immigrants:,,,,,,,,,,
"U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, Yearbook of Immigration Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), table 1, Internet site http://uscis.gov/graphics/shared/statistics/yearbook/index.htm as of Mar. 7, 2006.",,,,,,,,,,
Total area:,,,,,,,,,,
"U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States 2002 (Washington, DC:2003), table 1.",,,,,,,,,,
Gross domestic product:,,,,,,,,,,
"U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Industry Economic Accounts, Annual Industry Accounts, Internet site http://www.bea.gov/bea/dn2/home/annual_industry.htm as of Jan. 19, 2006.",,,,,,,,,,,,
Civilian labor force:,,,,,,,,,,,,
"U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings (Washington, DC: 2006), table 2, Internet site http://www.bls.gov/cps/home.htm as of Feb. 23, 2006. ",,,,,,,,,,,,
Participation rates:,,,,,,,,,,,,
"U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, Table 2, Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population 16 years and Over by Sex, 1971 to Date, Internet site http://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaat2.pdf as of Jan. 18, 2006.",,,,,,,,,,,,
Number of households:,,,,,,,,,,,,
"U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Survey, Table HH-6, Average Populaton Per Household and Family: 1940 to Present, Internet site http://www.census.gov/population/socdemo/hh-fam/tabHH-6.pdf as of Jan. 16, 2006.",,,,,,,,,,,,
Average size of households:,,,,,,,,,,,,
"U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Survey, Table HH-6, Average Population Per Household and Family: 1940 to Present, Internet site http://www.census.gov/population/socdemo/hh-fam/hh6.pdf as Jan. 16, 2006.",,,,,,,,,,,,
Median household income:,,,,,,,,,,,,
"U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Survey, Table H-5, Race and Hispanic Origin of Householder--Households by Median and Mean Income: 1967 to 2004, Internet site http://www.bls.gov/cex/2004/standard/multiyr.pdf as of Jan. 16, 2006.",,,,,,,,,,,,
Average household expenditures:,,,,,,,,,,,,
"U.S Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, Average Annual Expenditures, All Consumer Units, Internet site http://www.bls.gov/data/home.htm as of Mar. 7 2006.",,,,,,,,,,,,
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