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2004           Top of page

McMahon BJ, Hennessy TW, Christensen C, Bruden D, Sullivan DG, Homan C, Deubner H, Bruce MG, Livingston S, Williams J, Gretch DR. Epidemiology and risk factors for hepatitis C in Alaska Natives. Hepatology 2004;39(2):325-32.

Baggett HC, Hennessy TW, Rudolph K, Bruden D, Reasonover A, Parkinson A, Sparks R, Donlan RM, Martinez P, Mongkolrattanothai K, Butler JC. Community-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus associated with antibiotic use and the cytotoxin panton-leukodin during a furunculosis outbreak in rural Alaska. J Infect Dis 2004;189:1565-73.

Hennessy T, Cheng LH, Kassenborg H, et al. Egg consumption is the principal risk factor for sporadic Heidelberg infections: a case-control study in FoodNet sites. Clin Infect Dis 2004;28(suppl 3):S237-43.

Hennessy T, Marcus R, Deneen V, et al. Survey of physician diagnostic practices for patients with acute diarrhea; clinical and public health implications. Clin Infect Dis 2004;38(suppl 3):S203-11.

Hennessy TW, Rotz LD. Foodborne botulism in the Republic of Georgia: implications for preparedness planning. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39:363-65.

Redding G, Singleton R, Lewis T, Martinez P, Butler J, Bulkow L, Peters H, Gove J, Morray B, Jones C. Early radiographic and clinical features associated with bronchiectasis in children. Pediatr Pulmonol (in press).

Brueggemann AB, Peto TEA, Crook DW, Butler JC, Kristinsson KG, Spratt BG. The serogroup-specific invasive disease potential of Streptococcus pneumoniae is temporally and geographically stable in children. J Infect Dis (in press).

Butler JC. Epidemiology of pneumococcal disease. In: Tuomanen E, Spratt B, Mitchell T, eds. The Pneumococcus. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology Press; (in press).

Butler JC, Jernigan JA. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). In: Mayhall GC, ed. Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, 3rd ed. New York, NY: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; (in press).

Petersen KM, Bulkow LR, McMahon BJ, Zanis C, Getty M, Peters H, Parkinson AJ. Duration of hepatitis B immunity in low-risk children receiving hepatitis B vaccinations from birth. Pediatr Infect Dis J (in press).

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2003           Top of page

Williams JL, Bruden DA, Cagle HH, McMahon BJ, Negus SE, Christensen CJ, Snowball MM, Bulkow LR, Fox-Leyva LK. Hepatitis A vaccine: immunogenicity following administration of a delayed immunization schedule in infants, children and adults. Vaccine 2003;21:3208-11.

Butler JC, Bosshardt SC, Phelan M, Moroney SM, Tondella ML, Farley MM, Schuchat A, Fields BS. Classical and latent class analysis evaluation of sputum polymerase chain reaction and urine antigen testing for diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia in adults. J Infect Dis 2003;187:1416-23.

Sisk JE, Whang W, Butler JC, Sneller VP, Whitney CG. Cost-effectiveness of vaccination against invasive pneumococcal disease among people 50 through 64 years of age: role of comorbid conditions and race. Ann Intern Med 2003;138(12):960-68.

Baggett HC, Hennessy TW, Leman R, Hamlin C, Bruden D, Reasonover A, Martinez P, Butler JC. An outbreak of community-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infections in southwestern Alaska. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2003;24(6):397-402.

Butler JC, Lennox JL, McDougal LK, Sutcliffe JA, Tait-Kamradt A, Tenover FC. Macrolide-resistant pneumococcal endocarditis and epidural abscess that develop during erythromycin therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2003;36:e19-25.

Petersen KM, Singleton RJ, Leonard L. A qualitative study of the importance and etiology of chronic respiratory disease in Alaska Native children. Alaska Med 2003;45(1):14-20.

Singleton R, Dooley L, Bruden D, Raelson S, Butler JC. Impact of palivizumab prophylaxis on respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations in high risk Alaska Native infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2003;22:540-5.

Holman RC, Curns AT, Cheek JE, Singleton RJ, Anderson LJ, Pinner RW. Infectious disease hospitalizations among American Indians and Alaska Native infants. Pediatrics 2003;111:e176-182.

Singleton RJ, Redding GJ, Lewis TC, Martinez P, Bulkow L, Morray B, Peters H, Gove J, Jones C, Stamey D, Talkington DF, DeMain J, Bernert JT, Butler JC. Sequelae of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in infancy and early childhood among Alaska Native children. Pediatrics 2003;122(2):285-90.

McMahon BJ, Hennessy TW, Bensler M, Bruden DL, Parkinson AJ, Morris JM, Reasonover AL, Hurlburt DA, Bruce MG, Sacco F, Butler JC. The relationship among previous antibiotic use, antimicrobial resistance, and treatment outcomes for Helicobacter pylori infections. Ann Intern Med 2003;139(6):463-9.

Bruce MG, Curtis MB, Payne MM, Gautom RK, Thompson EC, Bennett AL, Kobayashi JM. Lake-associated outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Clark County, Washington, August 1999. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003;157:1016-21.

Jódar L, Butler J, Carlone G, Dagan R, Frasch C, Goldblatt D, Kahty H, Klugman K, Plykaytis B, Siber G, Kohberger R, Chang I, Cherian T. Serological criteria for evaluation and licensure of new pneumococcal conjugate vaccine formulations for use in infants. Vaccine 2003;21:3265-3272.

Uyeki TM, Zane SB, Bodnar UR, Fielding KL, Buxton JA, Miller JM, Beller M, Butler JC, Fukuda K, Maloney SA, Cetron MS. Large summertime influenza A outbreak among tourists in Alaska and the Yukon Territory. Clin Infect Dis 2003;36:1095-1102.

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2002           Top of page

Peach D, McMahon BJ, Bulkow L, Funk E, Harpaz R, Margolis HS. Impact of recurrent epidemics of hepatitis A virus infection on population immunity levels: Bristol Bay, Alaska. J Infect Dis 2002;186:1081-5.

Curns AT, Holman RC, Shay DK, Cheek JE, Kaufman SF, Singleton RJ, Anderson LJ. Outpatient and hospital visits associated with otitis media among American Indian and Alaska Native children younger than 5 years. Pediatrics 2002;109:e41.

Mott JA, Treadwell T, Hennessy T, Rosenberg P, Wolfe M, Brown C, Butler JC. Call-tracking data and the public health response to bioterrorism-related anthrax. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1088-92.

Butler JC, Cohen ML, Friedman CR, Scripp RM, Watz CG. Collaboration between public health and law enforcement: new paradigms and partnerships for bioterrorism planning and response. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1152-6.

Jernigan DB, Raghunathan PL. Bell BP, Brechner R, Bresnitz EA, Butler JC, et al. First case of bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax in the United States, Palm Beach County, Florida, 2001. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:1029-38.

Hurlburt KJ, McMahon BJ, Deubner H, Hsu-Trawinski B, Williams JL, Kowdley KV. Prevalence of autoimmune liver disease in Alaska Natives. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:2402-7.

Kersulyte D, Velapatino B, Dailide G, Mukhopadhyay AK, Ito Y, Cahuayme L, Parkinson AJ, Gilman RH, Berg DE. Transposable element ISHp608 of Helicobacter pylori: nonrandom geographic distribution, functional organization, and insertion specificity. J Bacteriol 2002;184(4):992-1002.

Bulkow LR, Singleton RJ, Karron RA, Harrison LH, the Alaska RSV Study Group. Risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus Infection among Alaska Native children. Pediatrics 2002;109(2):210-6.

Chiou LA, Hennessy TW, Horn A, Carter G, Butler JC. Botulism among Alaska Natives in the Bristol Bay area of Southwest Alaska: a survey of knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to fermented foods known to cause botulism. Int J Circumpolar Health 2002; 61:50-60.

Hennessy TW, Bruden D, Petersen KM, Parkinson AJ, Hurlburt D, Getty M, Butler JC, Schwartz B. Effect of high-dose amoxicillin on the prevalence of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in rural Alaska. JAMA 2002; 287:2078-9.

Hennessy TW, Petersen KM, Bruden D, Parkinson AJ, Hurlburt D, Getty M, Schwartz B, Butler JC. Changes in antibiotic prescribing practices and carriage of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: a controlled intervention trial in rural Alaska. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34:1543-50.

Ray GT, Butler JC, Black SB, Shinefield HR, Fireman BH, Lieu TA. The observed costs and health care use of children in a randomized controlled trial of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002; 21:361-365.

Lucher LA, Reeves M, Hennessy T, Levine OS, Popovic T, Rosenstein N, Parkinson AJ. Reemergence, in southwestern Alaska, of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease due to strains indistinguishable from those isolated from vaccinated children. J Infect Dis 2002;186:958-65

Fry AM, Zell ER, Schuchat A, Butler JC, Whitney CG. Comparing potential benefits of new pneumococcal vaccines with the current polysaccharide vaccine in the elderly. Vaccine 2002;21:303-11.

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2001           Top of page

Williams JL, Christensen CJ, McMahon BJ, Bulkow LR, Cagle HH, Mayers JS, et al. Evaluation of the response to a booster dose of hepatitis B vaccine in previously immunized healthcare workers. Vaccine 2001;19:4081-5.

McMahon BJ, Holck P, Bulkow L, Snowball M. Serologic and clinical outcomes of 1536 Alaska Natives chronically infected with hepatitis B virus. Ann Intern Med 2001;135:759-68.

Rudolph KM, Parkinson AJ, Roberts MC. Mechanisms of erythromycin and trimethoprim resistance in the Alaskan Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6B clone. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001;48:317-9.

Butler JC, Santosham M, Cheek JE, Leach AJ, Lennon D, O'Brien K, Crengle S. Emerging infectious diseases among indigenous peoples. Emerg Infect Dis 2001;7:554-5.

Lok AS, McMahon BJ, Practice Guildelines Committee, American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2001;34:1225-41.

Whitney CG, Schaffner W, Butler JC. Rethinking recommendations for use of pneumococcal vaccines in adults. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:662-675.

Gimenez-Sanchez F, Butler JC, Jernigan DB, Strausbaugh LJ, Slemp CC, Perilla MJ, Dowell SF. Treating cardiovascular disease with antimicrobial agents: a survey of knowledge, attitudes, and practices among physicians in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:171-176.

Butler JC, Fukuda K, Breiman RF. Prevention of community-acquired pneumonia: influenza and pneumococcal vaccines. In: Marrie TJ, ed. Community-Acquired Pneumonia. New York, NY: Plenum Publishing Corp.; 2001:221-238.

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2000           Top of page

Rudolph KM, Parkinson AJ, Reasonover AL, Bulkow LR, Parks DJ, Butler JC. Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns of invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae: Alaska, 1991-1998. J Infect Dis 2000;182:490-6.

Singleton R, Bulkow LR, Levine OS, Butler JC, Hennessy TW, Parkinson A. Experience with the prevention of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease by vaccination in Alaska: the impact of persistent oropharyngeal carriage. J Pediatrics 2000;137:313-20.

Harpaz R, McMahon BJ, Margolis HS, Shapiro CN, Havron D, Carpenter G, et al. Elimination of new chronic hepatitis B virus infections: results of the Alaska Immunizations Program. J Infect Dis 2000; 181:413-8.

Parkinson AJ, Gold BD, Bulkow L, Wainwright RB, Swaminathan B, Khanna B, et al. High prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in the Alaska Native population and association with low serum ferritin levels in young adults. Clin Diag Lab Immunol 2000;7:885-8.

Lieu TA, Ray GT, Black SB, Butler JC, Klein JO, Breiman RF, Miller MA. The projected cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination of healthy infants and young children. JAMA 2000;283:1460-8.

Butler JC. Epidemiology of pneumococcal serotypes and conjugate vaccine formulations. In: Tomasz A, ed. Streptococcus pneumoniae: Molecular Biology and Mechanisms of Disease. Larchmont, NY: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.; 2000:479-84.

Perdue DG, Bulkow LR, Gellin BG, Davidson M, Petersen KM, Singleton RJ, Parkinson AJ. Invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease in Alaskan residents ages 10 years and older before and after infant vaccination programs. JAMA 2000;283:3089-94.

Miernyk KM, Parkinson AJ, Rudolph KM, Petersen KM, Bulkow LR, Greenberg DP, et al. Immunogenicity of a heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Apache and Navajo Indian, Alaska Native, and non-Native American children aged < 2 years. Clin Infect Dis 2000;31:34-41.

Lavanchy D, McMahon BJ. Worldwide Prevalence and Prevention of Hepatitis C. In: Liang TJ, Hoofnagle JH, eds. Hepatitis C. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 2000:185-201.

Singleton R, Morris A, Redding G, Poll J, Holck P, Martinez P, et al. Bronchiectasis in Alaska Native children: causes and clinical courses. Ped Pulmonol 2000;29:182-7.

McMahon BJ, Bulkow L, Harpster A, Snowball M, Lanier A, Sacco F, et al. Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in Alaska Natives infected with chronic hepatitis B: a 16-year population-based study. Hepatology 2000;32:842-6.

Sebbolov AM, Davidson M, Kruger-Kjaer S, Jensen H, Gregoire L, Hawkins I, et al. Comparison of human papilloma virus genotypes in archival cervical cancer specimens from Alaska Natives, Greenland Natives and Danish Caucasians. Microb Infect 2000;2:121-6.

Gandhi MJ, Yang GG, McMahon BJ, Vyas GN. Hepatitis B virions isolated with antibodies to the pre-S1 domain reveal occult viremia by PCR in Alaska Native HBV carriers who have seroconverted. Transfusion 2000;40:910-6.

Butler JC. Epidemiology of pneumococcal serotypes and conjugate vaccine formulations. In: Tomasz A, ed. Streptococcus pneumoniae: Molecular Biology and Mechanisms of Disease. Larchmont, NY: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.; 2000;479-484.

Williams WW, Butler JC, Arden NH. Immunoprophylaxis and immunomodulation for prevention of nosocomial pneumonia. In: Jarvis W, Tablan O, eds. Nosocomial Pneumonia. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc.; 2000;155-185.

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1999           Top of page

Rudolph KM, Crain MJ, Parkinson AJ, Roberts MC. Characterizations of a multidrug-resistant clone of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6B in Alaska using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and PspA serotyping. J Infect Dis 1999;180:1577-1583.

Hennessy TW, Singleton RJ, Butler JC. Respiratory syncytial virus: current status and hope for the future. Alaska Med 1999;Vol.41(4):86-93.

Chung YH, DiBescglie AM, McMahon BJ, Lanier AP, Harpster A, Alter MJ, Parkinson AJ, Zanis C. Hepatocellular carcinoma not related to hepatitis B Virus Infection among Alaska Natives. Int J Circumpolar Health 1999;581:208-214.

Lucher LA, Singleton R, Parkinson AJ, Butler JC. The challenge of ongoing Haemophilus influenzae type b carriage and transmission in Alaska. Alaska Med 1999;41(3):61-68.

Butler JC, Parkinson AJ, Funk E, Beller M, Hayes G, Hughes JM. Emerging infectious diseases in Alaska and the Arctic: a review and strategy for the 21st century. Alaska Med 1999;41(2):35-43.

Karron RA, Singleton RJ, Bulkow L, Parkinson A, Kruse D, DeSmet I, Indorf C, Petersen KM, Leombruno D, Hurlburt D, Santosham M, Harrison LH for the RSV Alaska Study Group. Severe respiratory syncytial virus disease in Alaska Native children. J Infect Dis 1999;180:41-49.

McMahon BJ, Parkinson AJ, Rudolph K, Davidson M, Grabman J. Sepsis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae in a patient with alcoholism who received pneumococcal vaccine. Clin Infect Dis 1999;28:1162-1163.

Singleton R, Bulkow LR, Levine OS, Carlone GM, Pais L, Parkinson AJ. Enhanced immunogenicity of a sequential Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine schedule in Alaska Native infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1999;18(11):1023-1024.

Butler JC, Schuchat A. Epidemiology of pneumococcal infections in the elderly. Drugs & Aging 1999;15 Suppl 1:11-19.

Butler JC, Cetron MS. Pneumococcal drug resistance: the new “Special enemy of old age”. Clin Infect Dis 1999;28:730-735.

Galil K, Singleton R, Levine OS, Fitzgerald MA, Bulkow L, Getty M, Perkins BA, Parkinson A. Reemergence of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in a well-vaccinated population in remote Alaska. J Infect Dis 1999;179:101-106.

Breiman RF, Butler JC, McInnes PM. Vaccines to prevent respiratory infection: opportunities on the near and far horizon. Curr Opin Infect Dis 1999;12:145-152.

Parkinson AJ, Bell AA, Butler JC. International circumpolar surveillance of infectious diseases; monitoring community health in the Arctic. Int J Circumpolar Health 1999;58:222-225.

Parkinson AJ, Cuthbert M, Bulkow L, Davidson M, Petersen K, Clift S. Bacterial pathogens in chronic otitis media with effusion in Alaska Medicine. Alaska Med 1999:27-33.

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1998           Top of page

Silva AE, McMahon BJ, Parkinson AJ, Sjogren MH, Hoofnagle JH, DiBisceglie AM. Hepatitis B virus DNA in persons with isolated antibody to hepatitis B core antigen who subsequently received hepatitis B vaccine. Clinic Infect Dis 1998;26:895-7.

Wainwright RB, Bulkow LR, McMahon BJ, Parkinson AJ. Increases in levels of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen in an immunized population. Clinic Infect Dis 1998;26:933-7.

Keeffe E, McMahon BJ, Koff RS, Lindsay K, Manns M, Iwarson S, Baumgarten R, Wiese M, Krause DK, Fourneau M, Safary A, Clemens R. Safety and immunogenicity of hepatitis A vaccine in patients with chronic liver disease. Hepatology 1998;27:881-6.

Kesler K, Nasenbenny J, Wainwright RB, McMahon BJ, Bulkow L. Immune responses of prematurely born infants to hepatitis B vaccination: results through three years of age. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1998;17:116-9.

Polyak SJ, McArdle S, Liu S-L, Sullivan DG, Chung M, Hofgartner WT, Carithers RL, McMahon BJ, Mullins JI, Corey L, Gretch DR. Evolution of hepatitis C virus quasispecies in the hypervariable region 1 and the interferon sensitivity determining region during interferon therapy and natural infection. J Virol 1998 In Press.

Nobmann ED, Ebbesson SOE, White RB, Schraer DC, Lanier AP, Bulkow LR. Dietary intakes among Siberian Yupiks of Alaska and implications for cardiovascular disease. Internat J Circumpolar Health. 1998;57:4-17.

Rudolph KM, Parkinson AJ, Roberts MC. Molecular analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and antibiogram of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6B isolates from selected areas within the United States. J Clinic Microbiol 1998;36:2703-7.Beller M, Gessner B, Wainwright RB, Barrett DH.
Botulism in Alaska - a guide for physicians and health care providers - 1998 update.

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1997           Top of page

Wainwright RB, Bulkow LR, Parkinson AJ, Zanis C, McMahon BJ.
Protection provided by hepatitis B vaccine in a Yupik Eskimo population -- results of a 10-year study. J Infect Dis 1997;175:674-7.

Yip R, Limberg PJ, Alquist DA, Carpenter HA, O'Neill A, Kruse D, Stitham S, Gold BD, Gunter EW, Looker AC, Parkinson AJ, Nobmann ED, Petersen KM, Ellefson M, Schwartz S. Pervasive occult gastrointestinal bleeding in an Alaska Native population with prevalent iron deficiency: role of Helicobacter pylori gastritis. JAMA 1997;277:1135-9.

Parkinson AJ, Fitzgerald MA. Measurement of antimicrobial susceptibility among invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae: comparison of the Etest with the standard agar dilution method. Alaska Med 1997;39:3-7.

Gessner BD, deSchweintz E, Petersen KM, Lewandowski C. Nutritional rickets among breast-fed black and Alaska Native children. Alaska Med 1997;39:72-74,87.

West DJ, Hesley TM, Jonas LC, Feeley LK, Bird SR, Burke P, Sadoff JC, Hib-HB Vaccine Study Group (Petersen KM). Safety and immunogenicity of a bivalent Haemophilus influenzae type b/hepatitis B vaccine in healthy infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997;16:593-9.

Murphy NJ, Schraer CD, Theile MC, Boyko EJ, Bulkow LR, Doty BJ, Lanier AP. Hypertension in Alaska Natives: association with overweight, glucose intolerance, diet, and mechanized activity. Ethnicity and Health 1997;2:267-275.

McMahon BJ. Hepatocellular carcinoma and viral hepatitis. In: Wilson R, ed. Viral Hepatitis: Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention. New York, NY; Marcel Dekker.;1997;10:pp315-330.

McMahon BJ, Mandsager R, Wainwright K, Wainwright RB, Williams J, Singleton R. The Alaska Native hepatitis B control program. In: Rizzetto M, Purcell RH, Gerin JL, eds. Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease. Turin, Italy: Edizioni Minerva Medica;1997, pp702-704.

McMahon BJ, Williams J, Bulkow L, Mayer J, Tanttila H, Beller M, Schloss M. Control of an outbreak of hepatitis A by using an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine. In: Rizzetto M, Purcell RH, Gerin JL, eds. Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease. Turin, Italy: Edizioni Minerva Medica;1997, pp925-927.

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1996            Top of page

Gottstein B, Bettens F, Parkinson AJ, Wilson F. Immunologic parameters associated with susceptibility or resistance to alveolar hydatid disease in Yupiks/Inupiats. Arct Med Research 1996;55:14-19.

The US Arctic Investigations Program: Infectious disease prevention and control research in Alaska. Lancet 1996;347:517-520.

McMahon BJ, Beller M, Williams J, Schloss M, Tanttila H, Bulkow LR. A program to control an outbreak of hepatitis A in Alaska by using an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1996;150:733-739.

Parkinson AJ, McMahon BJ, Zanis L, Wainwright RB. Detection of alpha-fetoprotein and hepatitis B surface antigen in blood spotted on filter paper: use as a screen for hepatocellular carcinoma in Alaska Natives.
Arct Med Research 1996;55:123-128.

Petersen KM, Parkinson AJ, Nobmann ED, Bulkow LR, Yip R, Mokdad A.
Iron deficiency anemia among Alaska Natives may be due to fecal loss rather then inadequate intake. J Nutrition 1996;126:2774-2783.

Bresee JS, Fischer M, Dowell SF, Johnston BD, Biggs VM, Levine RS, Lingappa JR, Keyserling HL, Petersen KM, Bak JR, Gary HE, Sowell AL, Rubens CE, Anderson LJ. Vitamin A therapy for children with respiratory syncytial virus infection: a multicenter trial in the United States. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1996;15:777-82.

Ussery XT, Gessner BD, Lipman H, Elliott JA, Crain MJ, Tien PC, Parkinson AJ, Davidson M, Facklam RR, Breiman RF. Risk factors for nasopharyngeal carriage of resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and detection of a multiply resistant clone among children living in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta region of Alaska. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1996;15:986-992.

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