MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Smoking hazards

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Smoking hazards

Contents of this page:
Illustrations Information	References

Illustrations

Smoking hazards

Information Return to top

Question:

What are the negative effects of smoking?

Answer:

Smokers have an increased risk of the following:

Children of smokers have an increased risk of the following:

References Return to top

Goldman L, Ausiello D. Cecil Textbook of Medicine. 22nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa:Saunders, 2003.

Rakel RE. Textbook of Family Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa:Saunders, 2001.

Pinto BM, Rabin C, Farrell N. Lifestyle and coronary heart disease prevention. Prim Care. December 2005;32:947-961.

Update Date: 3/1/2007

Updated by: David A. Kaufman, M.D., Assistant Professor, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

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