The U.S. Office of Management and Budget  Statistical Policy Directive 15, Race and Ethnic Standards for Federal Statistics and Administrative Reporting, requires that all federally collected data have

1. a minimum of five race categories:  American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Black or African American, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and White and
2. allow respondents to choose as many of these as apply.  

It also requires that questionnaires collect ethnicity data in a separate question from race.  Ethnicity categories include "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino."