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Department of State. Office of the Secretary. (09/1789 - ) |
| Organization Name: | Department of State. Office of the Secretary. (09/1789 - ) |
|---|---|
| Role(s): | Related to 452 descriptions described in ARC |
| Role(s): | Related to 452 descriptions described in ARC |
|---|---|
| Program Area(s): | Foreign relations National security |
| Staff Member(s): | Acheson, Dean, 1893-1971
Adams, John Quincy, 1767-1848 Albright, Madeleine Korbel, 1937- Bacon, Robert, 1860-1919. Baker, James Addison, 1930- Bayard, Thomas F. (Thomas Francis), 1828-1898 Black, Jeremiah S. (Jeremiah Sullivan), 1810-1883 Blaine, James Gillespie, 1830-1893. Bryan, William Jennings, 1860-1925. Buchanan, James, 1791-1868 Byrnes, James F. (James Francis), 1882-1972 Calhoun, John C. (John Caldwell), 1782-1850 Cass, Lewis, 1782-1866. Christopher, Warren, 1925- Clay, Henry, 1777-1852 Clayton, John M. (John Middleton), 1796-1856 Colby, Bainbridge, 1869-1950 Day, William R. (William Rufus), 1849-1923. Dulles, John Foster, 1888-1959 Eagleburger, Lawrence S. Evarts, William Maxwell, 1818-1901 Everett, Edward, 1794-1865 Fish, Hamilton, 1808-1893. Forsyth, John, 1780-1841 Foster, John Watson, 1836-1917. Frelinghuysen, Frederick T. (Frederick Theodore), 1817-1885. Gresham, Walter Quintin, 1832-1895. Haig, Alexander Meigs, 1924- Hay, John, 1838-1905. Herter, Christian Archibald, 1895-1966 Hughes, Charles Evans, 1862-1948. Hull, Cordell, 1871-1955. Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826 Kellogg, Frank B. (Frank Billings), 1856-1937. Kissinger, Henry, 1923- Knox, Philander C. (Philander Chase), 1853-1921. Lansing, Robert, 1864-1928. Livingston, Edward, 1764-1836 Madison, James, 1751-1836 Marcy, William L. (William Learned), 1786-1857 Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959 Marshall, John, 1755-1835. McLane, Louis, 1786-1857. Monroe, James, 1758-1831 Muskie, Edmund S., 1914- Olney, Richard, 1835-1917 Pickering, Timothy, 1745-1829 Powell, Colin L. Randolph, Edmund, 1753-1813 Rice, Condoleezza, 1954- Rogers, William P. (William Pierce), 1913-2001 Root, Elihu, 1845-1937. Rusk, Dean, 1909-1994 Seward, William Henry, 1801-1872 Sherman, John, 1823-1900. Shultz, George Pratt, 1920- Smith, Robert, 1757-1842 Stettinius, Edward R. (Edward Reilly), 1900-1949 Stimson, Henry L. (Henry Lewis), 1867-1950 Upshur, A. P. (Abel Parker), 1790-1844. Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 Vance, Cyrus R. (Cyrus Roberts), 1917-2002 Washburne, E. B. (Elihu Benjamin), 1816-1887 Webster, Daniel, 1782-1852 |
| Administrative History Note: | Congress created the position of Secretary of State on July 27, 1789 (1 Stat. 28), as the principal officer of the Department of Foreign Affairs (later renamed Department of State). The Secretary was to perform such duties as the President required, in accordance with the Constitution, relating to correspondence, commission, or instructions to U.S. ministers or consuls abroad, and to conduct negotiations with foreign representatives. The Secretary also served as principal advisor to the President in the determination and execution of U.S. foreign policy and in later decades become responsible for overall direction, coordination, and supervision of interdepartmental activities of the U.S. Government overseas, except for certain military activities. The Act of Congress of September 5, 1789, that changed the name of the Department of Foreign Affairs assigned various domestic duties to the Department of State. Nearly all were later reassigned to other agencies. Secretaries of State, with terms of service, were: Thomas Jefferson, March 22, 1790 - December 31, 1793; Edmund Randolph, January 2, 1794 - August 20, 1795; Timothy Pickering, December 10, 1795 - May 12, 1800; John Marshall, June 6, 1800 - February 4, 1801; James Madison, May 2, 1801 - March 3, 1809; Robert Smith, March 6, 1809 - April 1, 1811; James Monroe, April 6, 1811 - September 30, 1814 and February 28, 1815 - March 3, 1817; John Quincy Adams, Sepember 22, 1817 - March 3, 1825; Henry Clay, March 7, 1825 - March 3, 1829; Martin Van Buren, March 28, 1829 - March 23, 1831; Edward Livingston, May 24, 1831 - May 29, 1833; Louis McLane, May 29, 1833 - June 30, 1834; John Forsyth, July 1, 1834 - March 3, 1841; and Daniel Webster, March 6, 1841 - May 8, 1843. Continuing were Abel P. Upshur, July 24, 1843 - February 28, 1844; John C. Calhoun, April 1, 1844 - March 10, 1845; James Buchanan, March 10, 1845 - March 7, 1849; John M. Clayton, March 8, 1849 - July 22, 1850; Daniel Webster, July 23, 1850 - October 24, 1852; Edward Everett, November 6, 1852 - March 3, 1853; William L. Marcy, March 8, 1853 - March 6, 1857; Lewis Cass, March 6, 1857 - December 14, 1860; Jeremiah S. Black, December 17, 1860 - March 5, 1861; William H. Seward, March 6, 1861 - March 4, 1869; Elihu B. Washburne, March 5, 1869 - March 16, 1869; Hamilton Fish, March 17, 1869 - March 12, 1877; and William M. Evarts, March 12, 1877 - March 7, 1881. Also serving were James G. Blaine, March 7, 1881 - December 19, 1881, and March 7, 1889 - June 4, 1892; Frederick T. Frelinghuysen, December 19, 1881 - March 6, 1885; Thomas F. Bayard, March 7, 1885 - March 6, 1889; John W. Foster, June 29, 1892 - February 23, 1893; Walter Q. Gresham, March 7, 1893 - May 28, 1895; Richard Olney, June 10, 1895 - March 5, 1897; John Sherman, March 6, 1897 - April 27, 1898; William R. Day, April 28, 1898 - September 16, 1898; John Hay, September 30, 1898 - July 1, 1905; Elihu Root, July 19, 1905 - January 27, 1909; Robert Bacon, January 27, 1909 - March 5, 1909; Philander C. Knox, March 6, 1909 - March 5, 1913; and William Jennings Bryan, March 5, 1913 - June 9, 1915. Continuing were Robert Lansing, June 24, 1915 - February 13, 1920; Bainbridge Colby, March 23, 1920 - March 4, 1921; Charles Evans Hughes, March 5, 1921 - March 4, 1925; Frank B. Kellogg, March 5, 1925 - March 28, 1929; Henry L. Stimson, March 28, 1929 - March 4, 1933; Cordell Hull, March 4, 1933 - November 30, 1944; Edward R. Stettinius, Jr., December 1, 1944 - June 27, 1945; James F. Byrnes, July 3, 1945 - January 21, 1947; George C. Marshall, January 21, 1947 - January 20, 1949; Dean G. Acheson, January 21, 1949 - January 20, 1953; John Foster Dulles, January 21, 1953 - April 22, 1959; and Christian A. Herter, April 22, 1959 - January 20, 1961. Also serving were Dean Rusk, January 21, 1961 - January 20, 1969; William P. Rogers, January 22, 1969 - September 3, 1973; Henry A. Kissinger, September 22, 1973 - January 22, 1977 (served concurrently as Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, until November 3, 1975); Cyrus Vance, January 23, 1977 - April 28, 1980; Edmund S. Muskie, May 8, 1880 - January 18, 1981; Alexander M. Haig, Jr., January 22, 1981 - July 5, 1982; George P. Shultz, July 16, 1982 - January 20, 1989; James A. Baker, III, January 25, 1989 - August 23, 1992; Lawrence S. Eagleburger, December 8, 1992 - January 19, 1993; Warren M. Christopher, January 20, 1993 - January 17, 1997; Madeleine K. Albright, January 23, 1997 - January 19, 2001; and Colin L. Powell, January 20, 2001 - January 20, 2005; Condoleezza Rice, January 26, 2005 - . |
| Source Note: | Department of State. Principal Officers of the Department and U.S. Chiefs of Mission (2004). |