 |
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|
Table 2. Harms of Screening Clinical Breast Examination
|
Harms
|
Study Design
|
Internal Validity
|
Consistency
|
Magnitude of Effects
|
External Validity
|
| Additional testing (false-positives) |
Descriptive population-based |
Good |
Good |
Specificity in women aged 50 to 59 years ranged between 88% and 96%.[13] |
Good |
| False reassurance, delay in cancer diagnosis (false-negatives) |
Descriptive population-based |
Good |
Fair |
Of women with cancer, 17% to 43% had a negative clinical breast examination.[13] |
Poor |
References
-
Baines CJ, Miller AB, Bassett AA: Physical examination. Its role as a single screening modality in the Canadian National Breast Screening Study. Cancer 63 (9): 1816-22, 1989.
[PUBMED Abstract]
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