USDA Forest Service Celebrating Wildflowers

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Ethics and Native Plants

alpine meadow of the Albion basin in the Wasatch Mountains
An idyllic setting in an alpine meadow of the Albion basin in the Wasatch Mountains. Photo by Teresa Prendusi.

For many of us a field of wildflowers is one of the most beautiful experiences we can encounter in Nature. There is a deep impulse we carry from childhood into adulthood to reach out and pick a flower in a beautiful butterfly-filled meadow or along a public wooded trail lined with spring beauties, irises, or wake-robins. It is because we all carry such memories that we have devoted an entire website to Celebrating Wildflowers. Millions of people visit the public lands each year and if only a small fraction of them each picked a few flowers, soon there would be none for the rest of us to enjoy.

yellow coneflowers.
A vast springtime profusion of coneflower (Helianthella uniflora) on Willard Peak, Utah. Photo by Teresa Prendusi.

Almost all wildflowers are fragile and many wilt and perish soon after being picked. Over the years, the repercussions of wildflower picking by unthinking people go far beyond the loss of the flowers themselves. A critical chain of events is triggered for years to come once wildflowers are lost. We don’t often realize it, but wildflowers support entire ecosystems for pollinators, birds, and small animals on a micro scale. Butterflies and other insects, small birds, and animals depend on seeds, nectar, and pollen for their food supply and life support system. In addition, some pollinators are not very mobile or have very small home ranges or depend on just one species of plant and die once their habitat has been destroyed.

woman sitting in a field of yellow wildflowers.
A seemingly unending field of wildflowers always brings a smile to one’s face. Photo by Nancy Cotner.

The Forest Service is very enthusiastic about the public’s increased interest in native plants found on our national forests and grasslands. This interest and increased knowledge and awareness of the benefits of landscaping and gardening with native plants have resulted in nurseries producing native plants for the public to grow. Landscaping and gardening with native plants has many benefits including the creation of habitat for many different animals; from pollinators to birds, to small mammals. Many folks are now planting butterfly gardens that benefit these beautiful animals and bring enjoyment and joy to the gardener.

Unfortunately, the Forest Service is experiencing increased poaching of native wildflowers; even some that are listed as endangered species. Many people desire species that are not available commercially because these plants are difficult to grow or take too many years to reach maturity; and some people desire the rarest of the rare bringing those precious jewels ever closer to extinction. Consequently, some people are illegally removing wildflowers and other native plants from their natural habitats. In some cases entire populations of a species have been stolen.

area in the Francis Marion National Forest, South Carolina, where carnivorous pitcher plants were dug up and stolen.
Rare and unusual plants such as carnivorous pitcher plants (Sarracenia sp.) have become rarer due to illegal removal from public lands. Photo USDA Forest Service.

showy ladyslipper orchids where two flowers were picked from the plants, showing the broken stems.
An all too unfortunate occurrence where someone decided to pick two showy ladyslipper orchids (Cypripedium reginae) preventing anyone else from enjoying their beauty. Photo USDA Forest Service.

area where smooth coneflower was dug up and removed from the forest.
In this photo, a specimen of the federally endangered smooth coneflower (Echinacea laevigata) has been illegally removed, pushing this species ever closer towards extinction. Photo USDA Forest Service.

There are four main consequences to this illegal activity:

  1. All living organisms need to reproduce. Digging up wildflowers, picking wildflowers, or collecting their seed will reduce a plant's ability to reproduce and will adversely affect its long-term survival in that location;
  2. Removing wildflowers from the wild can adversely affect pollinators and other animals that depend on that species for food and cover;
  3. Removing wildflowers from our national forests and grasslands prevents other visitors from enjoying our natural heritage; and,
  4. Most wildflowers when dug from their natural habitat do not survive being transplanted.

There are legal ways to collect native plants from national forests and grasslands that will allow their use but still sustain them for future generations.

Remember, respect and protect wildflowers and their habitats, leave only footprints, and take only memories and photos so that future generations may enjoy our precious natural heritage.

two young children, a boy and a girl, looking at wildflowers with a man in a Forest Service uniform.
Children love the beauty of wildflowers and are eager to learn how to appreciate and conserve our native wildflowers. Photo by USDA Forest Service.

senior citizen looking at a wildflower.
Many lessons about wildflower conservation are taught to us by our elders. Photo by Teresa Prendusi.

U.S. Forest Service
Rangeland Management
Botany Program
1400 Independence Ave., SW, Mailstop Code: 1103
Washington DC 20250-1103

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Location: http://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/ethics/index.shtml
Last modified: Tuesday, 24-Jun-2008 21:53:21 EDT