| Conduit Issuer | Year Conduit Began Issuing on Behalf of Charter Schools | Approximate Amount Issued to Date (in millions) | Number of Bond Issuances/Number of Schools |
|---|---|---|---|
| Colorado Educational and Cultural Facilities Authority (CECFA) | 1999 | $701 | 78 transactions/ 50 schools |
| Massachusetts Development Finance Agency (MassDevelopment) | 1999 | $168 | 19 transactions/ 14 schools |
| Michigan Public Educational Facilities Authority (MPEFA) | 2003 | $92 | 14 transactions/ 13 schools |
| Texas Public Finance Authority (TPFA) Charter School Finance Corporation | 2004 | $130 | 6 transactions/ 6 schools |
| District of Columbia City Government | 2001 | $197.7 | 19 transactions/ 13 schools |
Note: A conduit issuer is a public entity, such as a state bonding agency or a city, that may issue a tax-exempt bond on behalf of a third party, such as a hospital or a charter school.
Source: Phone interviews conducted for this guide with staff from the state-authorized conduit issuers listed in the table.