This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about the late effects of treatment for childhood cancers. This summary is reviewed regularly and updated as necessary by the PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board ¹.

Information about the following is included in this summary:

• Risk factors.
• Late effects by body system.
• Second malignant neoplasms.
• Monitoring for late effects.

This summary is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians and other health professionals who care for pediatric cancer patients. It does not provide formal guidelines or recommendations for making health care decisions.

This summary is also available in a patient version ², which is written in less-technical language, and in Spanish ³.