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Civil Rights
 
Three portraits of Martin Luther King Jr.
[Detail] Martin Luther King, Jr..
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Bringing the gifts that my ancestors gave,
I am the dream and the hope of the slave.
I rise
I rise
I rise.
~ Maya Angelou - from 1978 poem, "Still I Rise"

primary source set

This Primary Source Set includes images, sound files, song sheets and a political cartoon to help teach about Jim Crow in America.

online resources
Especially for Teachers...

"With an Even Hand": Brown v. Board at Fifty - (Exhibition)This exhibition commemorates the fiftieth anniversary of the Brown v. Board landmark judicial case.

African American History and Culture - (Special Presentation) Explore treasures from the Manuscript Division’s Words and Deeds Collection.

African American History Month - (Special Presentation) The Library of Congress celebrates the contributions of African Americans throughout U.S. history.

African American Sites in the Digital Collections - (Library of Congress Bibliography) This guide highlights contributions by African Americans to the arts, education, industry, literature, politics and much more as represented in the vast online collections of the Library.

African Americans at War: Fighting Two Battles - (Special Presentation) Read stories of African American veterans.

African-American Mosaic - (Exhibition) This online exhibit provides a sampler of materials and themes covered in the book -- African-American Mosaic: A Library of Congress Resource Guide for the Study of Black History and Culture.

African-American Odyssey: A Quest for Full Citizenship - (Special Presentation) Examine the quest for equality from the early national period through the twentieth century.

American Treasures: Civil Rights - (Exhibition) View the multi-media Civil Rights exhibit from the Reason gallery, American Treasures of The Library of Congress.

Black Diamond! Satchel Page and the Negro Baseball Leagues - (Library of Congress Live) Use this guide to learn more about the Negro Leagues.

Brown v. Board of Education - (Library of Congress Bibliography) March 17, 2004 marked the fiftieth anniversary of the 1955 Supreme Court decision to end segregation in public schools. View selected digitized historical information that enhances classroom research.

Children of Struggle - (Library of Congress Live) Use this Learning Guide to help students learn about the Civil Rights Movement through the stories of Ruby Bridges, Claudette Colvin and Ernest Green.

Civil Rights Era in the U.S.News and World Report Photographs Collection - (Prints and Photographs) View a selection of civil rights era images.

Civil Rights Resource Guide - (Library of Congress Bibliography) This guide compiles links to civil rights resources throughout the Library of Congress Web site and beyond.

Emblematic Illustrations: Using Material Culture to Interpret African American Life - (Professional Development) Analyze primary sources to learn how African Americans were portrayed in popular culture, how they portrayed themselves, and how these portrayals reflect larger historical developments at the turn of the century.

Ethnic and Multicultural History - (Internet Resources) These recommended links from the Learning Page include excellent African-American and civil rights sources.

Faces and Voices from the Presentation - (Special Presentation) View images of former slaves as you read and hear their stories from the new collection - Voices From Days of Slavery.

From Abolition to Equal Rights - (Exhibition) Compare the British and American response to the civil rights issue in this chapter from the John Bull and Uncle Sam exhibition.

From Slavery to Civil Rights - (Learning Page Activity) Use this interactive timeline-based activity to introduce the topic of African-American history through primary sources.

Gender Issues, Race Relations, and Pastimes - (The Source) Students examine play scripts, baseball cards, sheet music, and more in this lesson developed by Claire McCaffery Griffin.

Hidden Washington: The Alley Communities of the Nation's Capital - (Library of Congress Live) Use this guide to learn more about Nannie Helen Burroughs, female African American activist, and life in the alley communities in Washington after the Civil War.

Hidden Washington: The Alley Communities of the Nation's Capital - (Cybercast) View a webcast of this performance depicting life in the alley communities in Washington after the Civil War.

Historians Discuss Images of Early African American Life - (Cybercast) View the October 29, 2003 cybercast of historians David Willis and Deborah Willis discussing photographic images of African American life at the turn of the 20th century.

Immigration: African - (Feature) Learn more about the African American experience.

Langston Hughes and His Poetry - (Cybercast) View a webcast of David Kresh, Library of Congress Reference Specialist in Poetry, Humanities and Social Sciences, discussing Langston Hughes and his poetry.

Slavery: A Resource Guide - (Library of Congress Bibliography) This guide compiles links to slavery resources throughout the Library of Congress Web site.

Sources for Images on African American History - (Prints and Photographs) Helpful reference aids linking to images relating to the history of blacks in America from the slavery period through the civil rights era.

Voices of Civil Rights - (Collaborative Project) Over the next year this project will collect and preserve thousands of personal stories, oral histories, photographs, and personal artifacts documenting the Civil Rights Movement in America.

Voices of Civil Rights - (Exhibition) This exhibition documents events during the Civil Rights Movement in the United States. The exhibit draws from individual accounts and oral histories collected by the "Voices of Civil Rights" project, a collaborative effort of AARP, the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights, and the Library of Congress.

W.Ralph Eubanks Discusses Memoir - (Cybercast) View cybercast of Eubanks discussing Ever is a Long Time - his memoir describing what it was like to grow up as an African American in Mississippi in the 1960s.

Zora Neale Hurston Chronology - (Special Presentation) This chronology accompanies the Zora Neale Hurston Plays collection which features ten recently discovered unpublished plays.


  Especially for your Students...

American Treasures: A Colored Women in a White World: Mary Church Terrell - (Exhibition) Terrell’s 1940 autobiography – A Colored Woman in the White World – details her remarkable life.

American Treasures: With All Deliberate Speed - (Exhibition) Read Felix Frankfurter's annotated draft decree regarding the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education Topeka landmark case.

Harriet Tubman - (Special Presentation) Learn about this famous African American activist.

It’s No Laughing Matter: Analyzing Political Cartoons - (Learning Page Activity) Cartoonists use a collection of tools to help them get their point across. Use this interactive activity to take apart real-world cartoons as you learn how to spot the methods behind the message. The cartoons featured in this activity relate to the civil rights theme.

John Hope Franklin - (Special Presentation) Read highlights about the life and accomplishments of this contemporary African American scholar.

Jump Back in Time: January 15, 1929 - (America’s Library) Civil Rights Leader Martin Luther King Jr. was born.

Jump Back in Time: October 16, 1859 - (America’s Library) John Brown took Harper’s Ferry hostage.

Juneteenth Celebration - (America's Library) On June 3, 1979 Texas became the first state to proclaim Emancipation Day (Juneteenth) an official state holiday.

Meet Amazing Americans: Frederick Douglass - (America’s Library) Read the life story of this famous black abolitionist.

Meet Amazing Americans: Harriet Tubman - (America’s Library) Read the life story of the runaway slave who became known as the "Moses of her people."

Meet Amazing Americans: Langston Hughes - (America’s Library) Learn about Langston Hughes -- an important writer and thinker of the Harlem Renaissance.

Meet Amazing Americans: W.E.B. DuBois - (America's Library) Read the life story of this African-American activist and founding member of the NAACP.

Notes, William O. Douglas to Earl Warren, 11 May 1954; Harold H. Burton to Warren, 17 May 1954; and Felix Frankfurter to Warren, 17 May 1954, concerning Chief Justice Warren's decision in Brown v. Board of Education - (Document) These notes to Earl Warren from three of his colleagues express their sense of gratitude, delight, and relief that the chief had led the brethren to a unanimous decision in the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka case.

She Sat Down For What She Believed - (Wise Guide) On Dec. 1, 1955, Rosa Parks refused to move to the back of the bus and sparked a 381-day bus boycott that led to a 1956 Supreme Court decision banning segregation on public transportation.

They Blazed a Trail in the Air: The Tuskegee Airmen - (Wise Guide) Read about this group of African American fighter pilots in World War II.

Today in History (August 2) James Baldwin was born - (Today in History) James Baldwin, novelist, essayist, playwright and civil rights activist, was born on August 2, 1924 in Harlem, New York.

Today in History (December 1) Rosa Parks was arrested - (Today in History) On this date in 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested for disobeying an Alabama law requiring black passengers to relinquish seats to white passengers when the bus was full.

Today in History (July 28) Fourteenth Amendment - (Today in History) On July 28, 1868, former slaves became citizens when the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified.

Today in History (May 18) Plessy v. Ferguson - (Today in History) On May 18, 1896, the Supreme Court ruled separate-but-equal facilities constitutional on intrastate railroads. For fifty years, the Plessy v. Ferguson decision upheld the principle of racial segregation.

Today in History (October 2) Thurgood Marshall - (Today in History) On October 2, 1967 President Lyndon Johnson appointed Thurgood Marshall as the first African-American Supreme Court justice.

Today in History (September 23) Mary Church Terrell was born - (Today in History) Mary Church Terrell, educator, political activist and first president of the National Association of Colored Women, was born on September 23, 1893 in Memphis, Tennessee.

Uncle Tom's Cabin for Children - (Document) Browse the pages of this 1908 edition of Harriet Beecher Stowe's classic adapted especially adapted for children.


lesson plans

Use these lesson plans (created by educators for educators) to explore civil rights in America with your students in your classroom:

After Reconstruction - (Grades 9-12) Students identify problems and issues facing African-Americans immediately after Reconstruction using text based sources. Students explore documents in order to simulate the 1898 National Afro-American Council meeting.

From Jim Crow to Linda Brown - (Grades 9-12) Students explore the era of legalized segregation. This lesson provides a foundation for a more meaningful understanding of the modern Civil Rights Movement.

Jackie Steals Home - (Grades 9-12) Students explore racism in the United States, both in and out of sports. The lesson focuses primarily on race relations in the 1950s.

Rounding the Bases - (Grades 9-12) Students use primary sources focused on baseball to explore the American experience regarding race and ethnicity. The unit should be used when studying the World War II era and the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement.

To Kill a Mockingbird - (Grades 7-12) Students are guided on a journey through the Depression Era South in the 1930s. This lesson helps students grasp how historical events and human forces have shaped relationships between black and white, and rich and poor cultures of our country.

Two Unreconciled Strivings - (Grades 11-12) Students examine the tension experienced by African-Americans during the Gilded Age. The lesson explores the areas of family, work, play, faith, education, race, and violence.

Ladies, Contraband, and Spies - (Grades 10-11) Students view the perspectives of slave women, plantation mistresses, female spies, and Union women during the Civil War. Much of the lesson is centered on “contraband” in the South.

bibliography

Is there a title (or two) that you always read to (or with) your students when teaching about civil rights? Are there invaluable reference books that you use when working with this theme? Staff from The Library of Congress have generously donated favorite titles for the civil rights theme. We hope you will contribute your favorite titles to our growing bibliography!

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collection connections

Create your own collaborative lesson plans using material related to this month's theme assembled from The Learning Page Collection Connections:

African-American Experience in Ohio, 1850-1920, Selections from the Ohio Historical Society, The - (Summary and Teaching Resources) The African-American Experience in Ohio, 1850-1920, contains a number of primary sources reflecting the diversity and complexity of African-American culture from the eve of the Civil War through the early twentieth century.

African-American Odyssey - (Summary Only) The exhibition tells the story of the African American experience through nine chronological periods, from Colonial settlement in 1492 to the post-war US in the early 1970s.

African-American Perspectives: Pamphlets from the Daniel A. P. Murray Collection 1818-1907 - (Summary and Teaching Resources) This collection documents a wide range of events, topics, and issues in African-American history. It recreates the public dialogue among African Americans a century ago, and highlights political, cultural, and social issues still debated today.

From Slavery to Freedom: The African-American Pamphlet Collection, 1824-1909 - (Summary and Teaching Resources) Speeches, essays, letters, and other correspondence provide different perspectives on slavery, African colonization, Reconstruction, and the education of African Americans.

Frederick Douglass Papers at the Library of Congress, The - (Summary and Teaching Resources) Included within this collection are copies of Douglass's writings, correspondence with noted abolitionists including Henry Ward Beecher, Ida B. Wells, Gerrit Smith, and Horace Greeley, and scrapbooks documenting his activities.

Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project 1936-1938 - (Summary and Teaching Resources) This collection contains more than 2,300 first-person accounts of slavery and 500 black-and-white photographs of former slaves collected as part of the Federal Writers' Project of the Works Progress Administration.

Voices From the Days of Slavery: Former Slaves Tell Their Story - (Summary Only)

Zora Neale Hurston Plays, The - (Summary Only)

By Popular Demand: Jackie Robinson and Other Baseball Highlights, 1860s-1960s - (Summary and Teaching Resources) In 1947, Jackie Robinson signed a contract with the Brooklyn Dodgers to become the first African-American baseball player in the major leagues.

search terms

These terms may be useful when searching for items related to this theme in the American Memory collections.

15th amendment Fugitive slaves
Abolition movement Integration
Abolitionists Legacies of Racism and Discrimination--Afro-Americans
Activists Names of individuals
African Americans National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Afro-Americans Negro
Antislavery Race discrimination
Civil liberties Race relations
Civil rights Segregation
Discrimination Slave narratives
Dred Scott case Slave trade
Emancipation Proclamation Slavery
Freedmen Underground railroad
Fugitive slave law  

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Last updated 12/22/2004