In observance
of Women's History Month, this bibliography lists books on
a little explored facet of African American history--African
American women in the military and their services to the
war effort. The Library of Congress has a large collection
of materials on this topic, spanning several centuries and
including articles, books, dissertations, technical reports,
photographs and first person accounts. This bibliography
includes only a sampling of the materials available at the
Library of Congress. The works explore biographical materials,
as well as the cultural and social aspects of African American
women in the military. An attempt has been made to include
significant chapters in books, dissertations and master's
thesis, , as well as internet resources which may be freely
available.
BOOKS, DISSERTATIONS AND THESES
Akers, Regina Theresa. Doing their part: the WAVES
in World War II. Howard University, 2000. 245p.
AAT 9981740
See especially chapter 7, "On the broad road to victory,1943-1945," p.
179-231.
Black Americans in defense of our nation. Washington,
DC, Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for
Equal Opportunity and Safety Policy, Dept. of Defense. U.
S. G.P.O., 1985. 189 p.
UB418.A47 B54 1985
See especially "Black women in the military service of
the United States," p. 89-106; see also listings of African American graduates
under the individual service academies.
Black women in America. Darlene Clark Hine, editor
in chief. 2nd ed. Oxford, New York, Oxford University Press,
2005. 3 v.
E185.86.B542 2005
Blood, Katherine. Negro women war workers. Washington,
Women's Bureau, United States Dept. of Labor, 1945. 23 p.
HD6093.A35 no. 205
Daniels, K. B. Social construction of race and gender:
Black women officers in the U.S. Navy. Naval Postgraduate
School, Monterey, CA. Jun 1994. 70p.
ADA283619
URL: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA283619
It's our military, too!: women and the U. S. Military. Edited
by Judith Hicks Stiehm. Philadelphia, Temple University Press,
1996. 309 p.
UB418.W65I88 1996
See especially "Equal opportunity in the U.S. Navy: perceptions
of active-duty African American women," p. 83-102 and "From under representation
to over representation: African American women," p. 115-135.
Johnson, Jesse L. Black women in the Armed Forces,
1942-1974: a pictorial history. Hampton, VA, Johnson,
c1974. 110 p.
E185.63.J633
Keys, Carol. "And the Army keeps rolling along":
a study of the effects of gender and race on women officers'
careers and the strategies they use to survive and succeed. Ann
Arbor, MI, UMI, 1997. 333 p.
AAT 9822253
Southern Illinois University at Carbondale
Moore, Brenda L. To serve my country, to serve my race:
the story of the only African American WACS stationed overseas
during World War II. New York, New York University
Press, c1996. 272 p.
UB418.A47M66 1996
Putney, Martha S. When the nation was in need: Blacks
in the http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3c32480during World
War II. Metuchen, NJ, Scarecrow Press, 1992. 231 p.
D810.N4P88 1992
Salter, Krewasky A. I., "Sable officers":
African-American military officers, 1861-1948. Ann
Arbor, MI, UMI, 1996.
405 p.
AAT 9700192 <Electronic Resources>
Dissertation: Florida State University.
See especially chapter 17, "Women go to war," p.
339-266.
Sims-Wood, Janet. "We served America too!" Personal
recollections of African American women in the Women's
Army Corps during World War II. Ann Arbor, MI, UMI,1994.
296 p.
AAT 9519611 <Electronic resource>
Dissertation: The Union Institute.
Swann, Leslie M. African American women in the World
War II defense industry. Ann Arbor, MI, UMI, 2004.
407 p.
AAT 3151038 <Electronic resource>
Dissertation: Temple University
Turner, Robbie G. Minority women officers in the Navy:
past, present and future prospects. Monterey, CA,
Naval Postgraduate School. Mar 1991. 79 p.
ADA242636 <Sci TRS>
This report may also be purchased from the National Technical
Information Service (NTIS), 5825 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
NTIS telephone: (703) 605-6585. NTIS web site: http://www.ntis.gov
We were there: voices of African American veterans
from World War II to the war in Iraq. Compiled by
Yvonne Latty. New York, Amistad, 2004. 184 p.
E185.63.4 2004
TOP OF PAGE
BIOGRAPHIES AND AUTOBIOGRAPHIES
Adams-Ender, Clara L. My rise to the stars: how a sharecropper's
daughter became an Army general. Lake Ridge, VA, CAPE
Associates, c2001. 247 p.
UB418.A47A33 2001
Bragg, Janet Harmon. Soaring above setbacks: the autobiography
of Janet Harmon Bragg, African American Aviator. Washington,
DC, Smithsonian Institution Press, 1996. 120 p.
TL540.B693 A3 1996
Earley, Charity Adams. One woman's Army: a Black officer
remembers the WAC. College Station, TX, College Station,
Texas A&M University Press, c1989. 218 p. (Texas A&M
University military history series, 12)
D811.E23 1989
Gordon, Violet Hill (World War II, 1942-1946; Women's Army
Auxiliary Corps). In Experiencing war: stories from the
Veteran's History Project: Patriotism.
URL: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cocoon/vhp-stories/loc.natlib.afc2001001.00146/
Stuart, Oneida Miller (World War II, 1939-1946; Army Nurse
Corps). In Experiencing war: stories from the Veteran's
History Project: African American pioneers.
  URL: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cocoon/vhp-stories/loc.natlib.afc2001001.04850/
Taylor, Susie King. A Black woman’s Civil War
memoirs : reminiscences of my life in camp with the 33rd
U.S. Colored Troops, late 1st South Carolina Volunteers. Edited
by Patricia W. Romero. New York, M. Wiener Pub., Distributed
by the Talman Co., c1988. 154 p.
E492.94 33rd .T3 1988
URL: http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/taylorsu/taylorsu.html
Tucker, Phillip Thomas. Cathy Williams: from slave
to female Buffalo Soldier. Mechanicsburg, PA, Stackpole
Books, c2002. 258 p.
E185.97.W694T83 2002
Woods, Elsie Dell (World War II, 1943-1946; Women's Army
Corps). In Experiencing war: stories from the Veteran's
History Project: African American pioneers.
URL: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cocoon/vhp-stories/loc.natlib.afc2001001.04741/
TOP OF PAGE
SELECTED JOURNAL ARTICLES
Air Force graduates first Black women pilot (T. Claiborne). Ebony,
v. 38, Jan. 1983:46.
AP2.E165
Bird, Julie. Making history: Brigadier General Selectee
Harris and her climb to the top. Air Force Times,
v. 50 July 16, 1990:12-13
Microfilm 01400 UG <MicRR>
Black history month: proud to serve: African American
Army Nurse Corps officers. Bethesda, MD, Office of
Medical History, Office of the Surgeon General. February
2003.
URL: http://history.amedd.army.mil/ANCWebsite/articles/blackhistory.htm
Campbell, D'Ann. Bibliographic essay: women in the military. Choice,
v. 31, Sept. 1993: 63-70.
Z1035.C5
Carnegie, M. Elizabeth. Nurses and war. Black nurses at
the Front. The American journal of nursing, v. 84,
Oct. 1984: 1250-1252.
RT1.A5
Drew, Robin. Army's (2d Lt. Marcella A.) Hayes, 1st Black
woman aviator in U. S. Forces. United States Army aviation
digest, v. 26, Jan. 1980: inside back cover
UG633.A377164
Education of Margaret Jackson: member of the Women's Army
Corps, Sept. 1943-Mar. 1946. Minerva: quarterly report
on women and the military, v. 9, Winter 1991: 56-77.
UG633UB418.W65M55
First Black female Air Force General (Marcelite J. Harris). Air
Force times, v. 50, Jan. 22, 1990:61
Microfilm 01400 UG <MicRR>
Haynes, Karima A. Sisters-in-arms. Ebony, v. 49,
Mar. 1994: 118-122.
AP2.E165
Howard, Grendel. Carrying forth a tradition (Black women
in the Army). Soldiers, v. 40, Feb. 1985: 28-32
U1.A827
King, Lisa Y. In search of women of African descent who
served in the Civil War Union Navy. The Journal of Negro
history, v. 83, autumn 1998: 302-309.
E185.J86 and <Electronic resource>
McKenna, Pat. Nursing old wounds: retired Major recalls
struggles as first Black in regular Army Nurse Corps. Airman,
v. 42, Apr. 1998: 38-41
UG633.A1A528
Miller, Richard E. The golden fourteen, plus: Black Navy
women in World War One. Minerva: quarterly report on
women and the military, v. 13, fall-winter 1995: 7-13
UB418.W65M55
Moore, Brenda L. African-American women in the U.S. military. Armed
forces and society, v. 17, spring 1991: 363-384.
U21.5.A74
Moore, Brenda L. Serving with dual mission: African-American
women in World War II. National journal of sociology,
v. 7, summer 1993: 1-42.
WMLC 93/1682
Muradian, Vago. Guard has first Black female general. Army
Times, v. 54, Dec 6, 1993:25
Microfilm 0959 <MicRR>
Putney, Martha S. A historical review of Black women
in the military. Remarks delivered by Dr. Putney at
Ford’s Theater at a National Park Service ceremony
for the Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System, July 17,
1998
URL: http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/history/aa_militaryhistory.htm
Randolph, Laura B. The untold story of Black women in the
Gulf War. African-Americans helped redefine the role of females
in the military. Ebony, v. 46, Sept. 1991: 101-107.
AP2.E165
Walker, Nicole. Vernice Armour, 1st Black female combat
pilot, serves in Persian Gulf as family copes. Jet, v.103,
Apr. 14, 2003: 6-11.
E185.5.J4
TOP OF PAGE
INTERNET RESOURCES
African-Americans and the U. S. Navy: first female officers.
Online library of selected images. Washington, Dept.
of the Navy, Navy Historical Center.
URL: http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/prs-tpic/af-amer/afa-wave.htm
Bellaifaire, Judith. Volunteering for risk: Black military
women overseas during the wars in Korea and Vietnam.
URL: http://www.womensmemorial.org/Education/BWOHistory.html
Bey, Jacqueline S. Women in the military: a selected
bibliography. U. S. Army War College Library, Carlisle
Barracks, PA. January 2005.
URL: http://carlisle-www.army.mil/library/bibs/women05.htm
Burger, Barbara. The Lion’s history: researching
World War II images of African Americans. Prologue special
issue: federal records and African American history, v.
29, no. 2, summer 1997.
URL: http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1997/summer/world-war-two-images.html
Female Buffalo Soldier -with documents. Cathay Williams
or William Cathay (Cathey) Private, Thirty-eighth U. S.
Infantry 1866-1868. An exceptional woman. Buffalo
Soldier Network.
URL: http://www.buffalosoldier.net/CathayWilliamsFemaleBuffaloSoldierWithDocuments.htm
The Ground beneath our feet: Virginia fights: World
War II.
A documentary film series and website about Virginia's history
after the Civil War.
See especially Image Archive: African Americans,
http://www.vahistory.org/WWII/image_archive/image_archive.php?subject=8&page=image_archive
Krawczynski, Keith. African American Navy, Marine Corps,
Women’s Reserves, and Coast Guard service during World
War II. In A historic context for the African American
military experience, by Steven D. Smith and James A.
Zeidler. U. S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories
(USACERL). July 1988.
URL:
https://www.denix.osd.mil/denix/Public/ES-
Programs/Conservation/Legacy/AAME/aame3a.html#7%20African%20American%20Navy
See also "References,"
https://www.denix.osd.mil/denix/Public/ES-Programs/Conservation/Legacy/AAME/references.html#References
Library of Congress: Prints & Photographs Online Catalog
URL: http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/catalog.html
Search African American and women and military
Library of Congress: Veteran’s History Project
Go to http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cocoon/vhp/html/search/search.html
Search +race:Black +or +African +American +women
Many narratives have race unspecified. Some suggested terms
for searching including WAC, WAAC, Army Nurse Corps.
Materials can be viewed in the American Folklife Center, Library
of Congress
National Archives -- Military Resources - Women in the
Military
URL: http://www.archives.gov/research/alic/reference/military/women.html
Simms-Wood, Janet. "We served America, too!" Blacks
in the Women's Army Corps during World War II; a selected
bibliography. Washington, Moorland-Spingarn Research
Center Howard University. February 1995.
URL: http://www.founders.howard.edu/moorland-spingarn/Wwii.htm
Simpson, Diana. African Americans in military history
bibliography: women. Malcom AFB, AL, Air University
Library. February 1999.
URL: http://www.au.af.mil/au/aul/bibs/afhist/afwom.htm
Williams, Rudi. Black WAC joined to be who she wanted
to be. (Catherine L. Bowie). Washington, Armed Forces
Press Service. (Home for Heroes.)
URL: http://www.defenselink.mil/specials/heroes/bowie.html
Women in Military Service for America Memorial Foundation
See: Brief History of Black Women in the Military
URL: http://www.womensmemorial.org/Education/BBH1998.html
See: Bibliography
URL: http://www.womensmemorial.org/H&C/Resources/pdfs/bibliography.pdf
Women in the Military. In Pictures of African Americans
during World War II: Select Audiovisual Records. Washington,
National Archives.
URL: http://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/ww2-pictures/index.html#women
TOP OF PAGE
OTHER RESOURCES
NAACP photographs of African American women in the military
services during World War II. 76 photographic prints. LOT
13103 (F) USE MICROFILM [P&P]
Emphasis is on activities of the Army Nurse Corps and the Women's
Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC), later called Women's Army Corps (WAC), at bases
in Australia, England, France, and the United States. Activities include training,
recruitment, clerical work, and recreation, such as Army nurses playing cards
and knitting, and a WAAC band in a parade. Includes portraits of officers and
new recruits. Prominent people depicted include: Mary McLeod Bethune at a National
Civilian Advisory Committee luncheon, Fort Des Moines, Iowa; Joe Louis welcoming
a group of new WAAC enlistees; Walter White visiting the WAAC training center
at Fort Des Moines, Iowa. One photo of tennis instructor of the 3510 WAF Squadron,
Randolph Air Force Base.
Selected images also available in Prints & Photographs Online
Catalog, http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/catalog.html.
Papers of Charity Adams Earley, 1928-2002 (bulk 1942-2002).
Description: 1,000 items. 8 containers, plus 1 oversize.
3.2 linear feet.
0630M <ManRR>
World War I Document Archive - The American Negro in
the World War
Full text copy of: Scott, Emmet J. Scott’s official
history of the American Negro in the World War. A complete and authentic narration,
from official sources, of the participation of American soldiers of the Negro
race in the World War for democracy ... a full acount of the war work organizations
of colored men and women and other civilian activities, including the Red Cross,
the Y.M.C.A., the Y.W.C.A. and the War camp community service, with official
summary of treaty of peace and League of Nations covenant. Prefaced with highest
tributes to the American Negro by Hon. Newton D. Baker ... Gen. John J. Pershing
... and the late Theodore Roosevelt. Chicago, Homewood Press, 1919. 511
p.
See especially Chapter 27,"Negro women in war work,"
http://net.lib.byu.edu/~rdh7/wwi/comment/Scott/SCh27.htm
|