REFERENCES ASCE, 2002, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, American Society of Civil Engineers, Standard ASCE-7, Reston, Virginia. ASCE, 2000, Prestandard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, prepared by the American Society of Civil Engineers, published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA 356 Report, Washington, DC. ATC, 1978, Tentative Provisions for the Development of Seismic Regulations for Buildings, Applied Technology Council, ATC-03 Report, Redwood City, California. ATC, 1989a, Procedures for Postearthquake Safety Evaluation of Buildings, Applied Technology Council, ATC-20 Report, Redwood City, California. ATC, 1989b, Field Manual: Postearthquake Safety Evaluation of Buildings, Applied Technology Council, ATC-20-1 Report, Redwood City, California. ATC, 1993, ATC-20 Postearthquake Safety Evaluation of Buildings Training Slide Set, Applied Technology Council, ATC-20-T Report, Redwood City, California. ATC, 1995, Addendum to the ATC-20 Procedures for Postearthquake Safety Evaluation of Buildings, Applied Technology Council, ATC-20-2 Report, Redwood City, California. ATC, 1996a, Case Studies in Rapid Postearthquake Safety Evaluation of Buildings, Applied Technology Council, ATC-20-3 Report, Redwood City, California. ATC, 1996b, Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Concrete Buildings, Volumes 1 and 2, Applied Technology Council, ATC-40 Report, Redwood City, California. ATC, 1997, Example Applications of the NEHRP Guidelines for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, prepared by the Applied Technology Council for the Building Seismic Safety Council; published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA 276 Report, Washington, D.C. ATC, 2002, Recommended U.S.-Italy Collaborative Procedures for Earthquake Emergency Response Planning for Hospitals in Italy, Applied Technology Council, ATC-51-1 Report, Redwood City, California. ATC, 2004a (in preparation), Improvement of Inelastic Seismic Analysis Procedures, prepared by the Applied Technology Council for the Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA 440, Washington, D.C. ATC, 2004b (in preparation), Program Plan for Development of Performance- Based Seismic Design Guidelines, prepared by the Applied Technology Council for the Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA 445, Washington, D.C. ATC, 2004c (in preparation), Characterization of Seismic Performance for Buildings, prepared by the Applied Technology Council for the Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA 446, Washington, D.C. ATC/BSSC, 1997a, NEHRP Guidelines for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, prepared by the Applied Technology Council (ATC-33 project) for the Building Seismic Safety Council, published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA 273 Report, Washington, DC. ATC/BSSC, 1997b, NEHRP Commentary on the Guidelines for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, prepared by the Applied Technology Council (ATC- 33 project) for the Building Seismic Safety Council, published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA 274 Report, Washington, DC. BSSC, 1988a, Seismic Considerations - Apartment Buildings, prepared by the Building Seismic Safety Council, published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA 152 Report, Washington, DC. BSSC, 1988b, Seismic Considerations - Office Buildings, prepared by the Building Seismic Safety Council, published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA 153 Report, Washington, DC. BSSC, 1988c, NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Building and Other Structures, Part 1 - Provisions, prepared by the Building Seismic Safety Council, published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA 152 Report, Washington, DC. BSSC, 1990a, Seismic Considerations - Elementary and Secondary Schools, prepared by the Building Seismic Safety Council, published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA 149 Report, Washington, DC. BSSC, 1990b, Seismic Considerations - Health Care Facilities, prepared by the Building Seismic Safety Council, published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA 150 Report, Washington, DC. BSSC, 1990c, Seismic Considerations - Hotels and Motels, prepared by the Building Seismic Safety Council, published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA 151 Report, Washington, DC. BSSC, 1995, NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings, 1994 edition, prepared by the Building Seismic Safety Council, published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA 222A Report, Washington, DC. BSSC, 1998, NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures, 1997 edition, prepared by the Building Seismic Safety Council, published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA 303 Report, Washington, DC. BSSC, 2001, NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures, Part I: Provisions, and Part II, Commentary, 2000 Edition, prepared by the Building Seismic Safety Council, published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Publications, FEMA 368 Report and FEMA 369 Report, Washington, DC. Benuska, L. (Editor), 1990, Loma Prieta Earthquake of October 17, 1989: Reconnaissance Report, Supplement to Earthquake Spectra, Volume 6, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Oakland, California, 450 pages. Comartin, C.D. (Editor), 1995, The Guam Earthquake of August 8, 1993: Reconnaissance Report, Supplement to Earthquake Spectra, Volume 11, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Oakland, California, 175 pages. Comartin, C.D., Greene, M., and Tubbesing, S.K., (Editors), 1995, The Hyogo- ken Nanbu Earthquake, January 17,1995: Preliminary Reconnaissance Report, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Oakland, California, 116 pages. Chung, R. (Editor), 1995, Hokkaido-nansei-oki, Japan, Earthquake of July 12, 1993: Reconnaissance Report, Supplement to Earthquake Spectra, Volume 11, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Oakland, California, 166 pages. Cole, E.E. and Shea, G.H., (Editors), 1991, Costa Rica Earthquake of April 22, 1991: Reconnaissance Report, Special Supplement B to Earthquake Spectra, Volume 7, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Oakland, California, 170 pages. EERI, 1985, Impressions of the Guerrero-Michoacan, Mexico, Earthquake of 19 September 1985: A Preliminary Reconnaissance Report, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, published in cooperation with the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences, Oakland, California, 36 pages. EERI, 2000, Action Plan for Performance-Based Seismic Design, prepared by the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA 349 Report, Washington, DC. Elsesser, E., 1992, "Structures for Seismic Resistance," Buildings at Risk : Seismic Design Basics for Practicing Architects, AIA/ACSA Council on Architectural Research, Washington, DC. Frankel, A.D., and Leyendecker, E.V., 2000, "Uniform hazard response spectra and seismic hazard curves for the United States: CD-ROM," U.S. Geological Survey, National Seismic Hazard Mapping Project. Frankel, A., Mueller, C., Barnhard, T., Perkins, D., Leyendecker, E., Dickman, N., Hanson, S., and Hopper M., 1996, National Seismic Hazard Maps: Documentation June 1996, U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 96-532, 110 p. Frankel, A.D., Mueller, C.S., Barnhard, T.P., Leyendecker, E.V., Wesson, R.L., Harmsen, S.C., Klein, F.W., Perkins, D.M., Dickman, N.C., Hanson, S.L., and Hopper, M.G., 2000, "USGS national seismic hazard maps," Earthquake Spectra, V. 16, No. 1, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Oakland, California, pages 1-19. Hall, J. (Editor), 1995, Northridge Earthquake of January 17, 1994: Reconnaissance Report, Vol. I, Supplement to Earthquake Spectra, Volume 11, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Oakland, California, 523 pages. Hall, J. (Editor), 1996, Northridge Earthquake of January 17, 1994: Reconnaissance Report, Vol. II, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Oakland, California, 280 pages. ICBO, 1997, Uniform Building Code, International Conference of Building Officials, Whittier, California. ICC, 2000, International Building Code, International Code Council (formerly: Building Officials and Code Administrators International, Inc., International Conference of Building Officials, and Southern Building Code Congress International, Inc.), Birmingham, Alabama. Malley, J.O., Shea, G.H., and Gulkan, P., (Editors), 1993, Erzincan, Turkey, Earthquake of March 13, 1992: Reconnaissance Report, Supplement to Earthquake Spectra, Volume 9, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Oakland, California, 210 pages. NFPA, 2003, 5000 Building Construction and Safety Code, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts. SAC, 2000a, Recommended Seismic Design Criteria for New Steel Moment- Frame Buildings, prepared by the SAC Joint Venture, a partnership of the Structural Engineers Association of California, Applied Technology Council, and California Universities for Research in Earthquake Engineering, published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA 350 Report, Washington, DC SAC, 2000b, Recommended Specifications and Quality Assurance Guidelines for Steel Moment-Frame Construction for Seismic Applications, prepared by the SAC Joint Venture, a partnership of the Structural Engineers Association of California, Applied Technology Council, and California Universities for Research in Earthquake Engineering, published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA 353 Report, Washington, DC SBCCI, 1997, Standard Building Code, Southern Building Code Congress, International, Birmingham, Alabama. Schiff, A.J. (Editor), 1991, Philippines Earthquake of July 16, 1990: Reconnaissance Report, Special Supplement A to Earthquake Spectra, Volume 7, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Oakland, California, 150 pages. SEAOC, 1995, Vision 2000: Performance-Based Seismic Engineering of Buildings, Structural Engineers Association of California, Sacramento, California. SEAOC, 1999, Recommended Lateral Force Requirements and Commentary, prepared by the Structural Engineers Association of California, published by the International Conference of Building Officials, Whittier, California. USACE, 1998, Seismic Design for Buildings, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Publication TI809-04. Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities, 2003, Earthquake probabilities in the San Francisco Bay region: 2002-2031, U. S. Geological Survey, Open-file Report 03-214, Menlo Park, California Wyllie, L.A. and Filson, J.R., (Editors), 1989, Armenia Earthquake of December 7, 1988: Reconnaissance Report, Supplement to Earthquake Spectra, Volume 5, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Oakland, California, 175 pages. Ziony, J. I. (Editor), 1985, Evaluating Earthquake Hazards in the Los Angeles Region-An Earth Science Perspective, U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 1360, Reston, Virginia.