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Seroprevalence of human papillomavirus type 16 infection in the United States.
Journal of Infectious Diseases 2002;186(10):1396-1402.
Stone KM, Karem KL, Sternberg MR, McQuillan GM, Poon AD, Unger
ER, Reeves WC.
Abstract
Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 accounts for about half of
cervical cancers worldwide. This study investigated the seroepidemiology
of HPV-16 infection in the United States by using a population-based survey.
Serum samples and questionnaire data were collected from 1991 to 1994 for
the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. HPV-16-specific IgG
antibody was detected by use of an HPV-16 virus-like particle ELISA. HPV-16
seropositivity in the US population aged 12-59 years was 13.0% (95% confidence
interval, 11.5%-14.7%). Seroprevalence was higher in women (17.9%) than in
men (7.9%). Age, race/ethnicity, and number of lifetime sex partners were
associated with HPV seropositivity in women. Race/ethnicity, age at first
intercourse, urban/nonurban residence, years of sexual activity, and having
had sex with a man were associated with HPV seropositivity in men. Information
on HPV-16 seroepidemiology will be important for designing prevention efforts
including vaccine programs.