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 •2008 Annual Update
 •January 2009 Forecast
 •Adult Return Data

Large–scale Ocean and Atmospheric Indicators

 •Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)
 •Multivariate El Niño Southern Oscillation Index (MEI)
 • Basin-scale winds

Local and Regional Physical Indicators

 •Sea surface temperature anomalies
 •Coastal upwelling
 •Physical spring transition
 •Deep–water temperature and salinity

Local Biological Indicators

 •Copepod biodiversity
 •Northern copepod anomalies
 •Copepod community structure
 •Biological spring transition
 •June spring Chinook
 •September coho
 •Zooplankton species composition

Indicators Under Development

 •A second mode of North Pacific sea surface temperature variation
 •Phytoplankton biomass
 •Euphausiid egg concentration, adult biomass, and production rates
 •Interannual variation in habitat area
 •Forage fish and Pacific hake abundance
 •Salmon predation index
 •Potential indices for future development

Introduction to Pacific Northwest Oceanography

 •Physical oceanographic considerations
 • Climate–scale physical variability

Ocean Sampling Methods

 •Hydrography, zooplankton, and ichthyoplankton
 •Juvenile salmon sampling

Acknowledgements

References

Archive

Links

Glossary

 


Basin–Scale Winds

Wind stress over the northeast Pacific is measured from the Quickscat satellite.  Monthly average winds showed conditions favorable to upwelling as early as January 2007.  This is a positive indicator and the chief cause for improved ocean conditions observed in winter and spring 2007 (Figure 30). 

       
  Wind stress vectors measured by the Quickscat satellite (arrowheads point in the direction that the winds are blowing).  
       
  Figure 30.  Wind stress vectors measured by the Quickscat satellite (arrowheads point in the direction that the winds are blowing).  Most of the California Current has been experiencing equatorward winds (and upwelling) since January 2007.  Data courtesy of Frank Schwing (NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC/ERD).  
       







last modified 01/09/2009

                   
   
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