Overarching Themes
The Science Base of the Report
Overview of the Reports Chapters
Chapter Conclusions
Preparation of the Report
References
Chapter 2
The Fundamentals of Mental Health
and Mental Illness
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The Neuroscience of Mental Health
Overview of Mental Illness
Overview of Etiology
Overview of Development, Temperament, and Risk Factors
Overview of Prevention
Overview of Treatment
Overview of Mental Health Services
Overview of Cultural Diversity and Mental Health Services
Overview of Consumer and Family Movements
Overview of Recovery
Conclusions
References
Blan
Chapter 3
Children and Mental Health
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Normal Development
Overview of Risk Factors and Prevention
- Risk Factors
- Biological Influences on Mental Disorders
- Psychosocial Risk Factors
- Family and Genetic Risk Factors
- Effects of Parental Depression
- Stressful Life Events
- Childhood Maltreatment
- Peer and Sibling Influences
- Correlations and Interactions Among Risk Factors
- Prevention
- Project Head Start
- Carolina Abecedarian Project
- Infant Health and Development Program
- Elmira Prenatal/Early Infancy Project
- Primary Mental Health Project
- Other Prevention Programs and Strategies
Overview of Mental Disorders in Children
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
- Treatment
- Pharmacological Treatment
- Psychostimulants
- Dosing
- Side Effects
- Other Medications
- Psychosocial Treatment
- Behavioral Approaches
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Psychoeducation
- Multimodal Treatments
- Treatment Controversies
- Overprescription of Stimulants
- Safety of Long-Term Stimulant Use
Depression and Suicide in Children and Adolescents
- Conditions Associated With Depression
- Prevalence
- Major Depression
- Dysthymic Disorder
- Suicide
- Course and Natural History
- Causes
- Family and Genetic Factors
- Gender Differences
- Biological Factors
- Cognitive Factors
- Risk Factors for Suicide and Suicidal Behavior
- Consequences
- Treatment
- Depression
- Psychosocial Interventions
- Pharmacological Treatment
- Bipolar Disorder
- Pharmacological Treatment
- Suicide
- Psychotherapeutic Treatments
- Psychopharmacological Treatments
- Intervention After a Suicidal Death of a Relative, Friend, or Acquaintance
- Community-Based Suicide Prevention
- Crisis Hotlines
- Method Restriction
- Media Counseling
- Indirect Case-Finding Through Education
- Direct Case-Finding
- Aggressive Treatment of Mood Disorders
- Air Force Suicide Prevention ProgramA Community Approach
Other Mental Disorders in Children and Adolescents
Services Interventions
- Treatment Interventions
- Outpatient Treatment
- Partial Hospitalization/Day Treatment
- Residential Treatment Centers
- Inpatient Treatment
- Newer Community-Based Interventions
- Case Management
- Team Approaches to Case Management
- Home-Based Services
- Family Preservation Programs Under the Child Welfare System
- Multisystemic Therapy
- Therapeutic Foster Care
- Therapeutic Group Homes
- Crisis Services
Service Delivery
Conclusions
References
Chapter 4
Adults and Mental Health
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Chapter Overview
Anxiety Disorders
- Types of Anxiety Disorders
- Panic Attacks and Panic Disorder
- Agoraphobia
- Specific Phobias
- Social Phobia
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
- Acute and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders
- Etiology of Anxiety Disorders
- Acute Stress Response
- New Views About the Anatomical and Biochemical Basis of Anxiety
- Neurotransmitter Alterations
- Psychological Views of Anxiety
- Treatment of Anxiety Disorders
- Counseling and Psychotherapy
- Pharmacotherapy
- Benzodiazepines
- Antidepressants
- Buspirone
- Combinations of Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy
Mood Disorders
- Complications and Comorbidities
- Clinical Depression Versus Normal Sadness
- Assessment: Diagnosis and Syndrome Severity
- Major Depressive Disorder
- Dysthymia
- Bipolar Disorder
- Cyclothymia
- Differential Diagnosis
- Etiology of Mood Disorders
- Biologic Factors in Depression
Monoamine Hypothesis
- Evolving Views of Depression
- Anxiety and Depression
- Psychosocial and Genetic Factors in Depression
- Stressful Life Events
- Cognitive Factors
- Temperament and Personality
- Gender
- Genetic Factors in Depression and Bipolar Disorder
- Treatment of Mood Disorders
- Stages of Therapy
- Acute Phase Therapy
- Continuation Phase Therapy
- Maintenance Phase Therapies
- Specific Treatments for Episodes of Depression and Mania
- Treatment of Major Depressive Episodes
- Pharmacotherapies
- Alternate Pharmacotherapies
- Augmentation Strategies
- Psychotherapy and Counseling
- Bipolar Depression
- Pharmacotherapy, Psychosocial Therapy, and Multimodal Therapy
- Preventing Relapse of Major Depressive Episodes
- Treatment of Mania
- Acute Phase Efficacy
- Maintenance Treatment to Prevent Recurrences of Mania
- Service Delivery for Mood Disorders
Schizophrenia
- Overview
- Cognitive Dysfunction
- Functional Impairment
- Cultural Variation
- Prevalence
- Prevalence of Comorbid Medical Illness
- Course and Recovery
- Etiology of Schizophrenia
- Interventions
- Pharmacotherapy
- Ethnopsychopharmacology
- Psychosocial Treatments
- Psychotherapy
- Family Interventions
- Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Skills Development
- Coping and Self-Monitoring
- Vocational Rehabilitation
Service Delivery
Other Services And Supports
Conclusions
References
Chapter 5
Older Adults and Mental Health
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Chapter Overview
Overview of Mental Disorders in Older Adults
- Assessment and Diagnosis
- Overview of Prevention
- Primary Prevention
- Prevention of Depression and Suicide
- Treatment-Related Prevention
- Prevention of Excess Disability
- Prevention of Premature Institutionalization
- Overview of Treatment
- Pharmacological Treatment
- Increased Risk of Side Effects
- Polypharmacy
- Treatment Compliance
- Psychosocial Interventions
- Gap Between Efficacy and Effectiveness
Depression in Older Adults
Alzheimers Disease
Other Mental Disorders in Older Adults
Service Delivery
Other Services and Supports
Conclusions
References
Chapter 6
Organizing and Financing
Mental Health Services
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Overview of the Current Service System
The Costs of Mental Illness
Financing and Managing Mental Health Care
Toward Parity in Coverage of Mental Health Care
Conclusions
Appendix 6-A: Quality and Consumers Rights
References
Chapter 7
Confidentiality of Mental
Health Information: Ethical, Legal,
and Policy Issues
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Chapter Overview
Ethical Issues About Confidentiality
Values Underlying Confidentiality
Research on Confidentiality and Mental Health Treatment
Current State of Confidentiality Law
- Overview of State Confidentiality Laws
- Exceptions to Confidentiality
- Consent by the Person in Treatment
- Disclosure to the Client
- Disclosure to Other Providers
- Disclosure to Payers
- Disclosure of Information to Families
- Oversight and Public Health Reporting
- Research
- Disclosure to Law Enforcement Agencies
- Disclosure to Protect Third Parties
Federal Confidentiality Laws
Potential Problems With the Current Legal Framework
Summary
Conclusions
References
Chapter 8
A Vision for the Future
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Continue To Build the Science Base
Overcome Stigma
Improve Public Awareness of Effective Treatment
Ensure the Supply of Mental Health Services and Providers
Ensure Delivery of State-of-the-Art Treatments
Tailor Treatment to Age, Gender, Race, and Culture
Facilitate Entry Into Treatment
Reduce Financial Barriers to Treatment
Conclusion
References
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