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A
Public Health Action Plan to Prevent Heart Disease and Stroke
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Contents
Appendix D: Development of A Public Health Action Plan to Prevent Heart
Disease and Stroke
In 2001, CDC initiated
development of A Public Health Action Plan to Prevent Heart Disease and
Stroke. The concept of the plan and the process for its development were
presented at the First National CDC Prevention Conference on Heart Disease
and Stroke on August 24, 2001, in Atlanta. Valuable input was received,
especially from the Cardiovascular Health Council of the Chronic Disease
Directors (CDD), who identified representatives to join in the planning
process. This appendix outlines this process and identifies the many
partners who participated.
Organization
The planning process for
the Action Plan included several key partners, public health experts,
and heart disease and stroke prevention specialists in the United States and
abroad. These participants were asked to contribute in several ways,
including as members of a Working Group, one of five Expert Panels, or a
National Forum. The figure illustrates the organizational structure for the
planning process, which included CDC Core Staff.
Organizational Structure of the Action Plan Planning Process
Note: Abbreviations used
in the figure are identified in the text or the participants list.
For the Expert Panels,
each of which was chaired by an extramural public health expert, 45 national
and international experts contributed to formulation of the recommendations
and proposed actions steps. For the Working Group, which also was chaired by
an extramural public health expert, 20 national and international experts
served. For the National Forum, which was presided over by the chair of the
Working Group, 81 individuals representing 66 national and international
organizations and agencies other than CDC participated. With technical
support from CDC, these groups developed the substance of the plan.
CDC
Core Staff
The CDC Core Staff was responsible for coordinating the overall planning
process. This staff works for the Associate Director for Cardiovascular
Health Policy and Research in the Office of the Director, Division of Adult
and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and
Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (OD/DACH/NCCDPHP/CDC).
An outside contractor helped CDC with meeting arrangements and other
logistical details.
Expert Panels
CDC convened five Expert Panels, each to address one of the
five essential components of the Action Plan. The panels identified
relevant concerns and problems, proposed solutions, and offered
recommendations appropriate to their topics. The Working Group then reviewed
these recommendations. The synthesized recommendations are presented in Section 3 of this plan. The
corresponding action steps are presented in
Section 4.
The titles and topics for
the five Expert Panels were as follows:
- Panel A: Policy and
Programs
Taking action: Putting present knowledge to work.
- Panel B: Capacity
Development and Support
Strengthening capacity: Organization and structure of public health
agencies and partnerships.
- Panel C:
Monitoring, Evaluation, and Communication
Evaluating impact: Monitoring the burden, measuring progress, and
communicating urgency.
- Panel D: Research
in CVH Promotion and CVD Prevention
Advancing policy: Defining the issues and finding the needed
solutions.
- Panel E: Global
Cardiovascular Health
Engaging in regional and global partnerships: Multiplying resources
and capitalizing on shared experience.
Each Expert Panel had
16–22 members, including the following:
- Experts from outside
CDC nominated from multiple sources and invited to participate on a
particular panel based on the specific contribution they would make to the
process.
- Members nominated by
the Cardiovascular Health Council, CDD, which is part of the Association
of State and Territorial Health Officers (ASTHO).
- The Cardiovascular
Health Coordinating Committee (CVHCC), made up one or more representatives
from each of the five NCCDPHP divisions that deal most directly with
cardiovascular health: the Division of Adult and Community Health (DACH),
the Division of Adolescent and School Health (DASH), the Division of
Diabetes Translation (DDT), the Division of Nutrition and Physical
Activity (DNPA), and the Office on Smoking and Health (OSH).
- NCCDPHP's Associate
Director for Cardiovascular Health Policy and Research and the CDC Core
Staff.
Working Group
The Working Group was
responsible for initial critical review of the draft outline of the plan and
the development process. Members also formulated the instructions for the
Expert Panels, nominated members for the National Forum, and reviewed the
final reports of the Expert Panels. In addition, they assessed the proposed
implementation process and considered all input from the National Forum in
preparing the final document. The 36–member Working Group included the
following:
- The chairs of the
Working Group and each of the five Expert Panels.
- Representatives from
the Cardiovascular Health Council, CDD.
- Representatives from
the five NCCDPHP divisions that deal most directly with cardiovascular
health.
- Representatives from
CDC's National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH) and National Center
for Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities (NCBDDD).
- Each partner working
with CDC under a current memorandum of understanding (MOU) in the area of
heart disease and stroke. These include one MOU with the American Heart
Association (AHA) and American Stroke Association (ASA); the Centers for
Medicare & Medicaid Services; the Office of Public Health and Science and
the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Department of
Health and Human Services; and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke,
National Institutes of Health. CDC also has MOUs with the Ministry of
Health and Welfare Canada and with the National Stroke Association.
- Representatives from
CDC's Prevention Research Center Program (PRCP).
- Representatives from
other national health professional organizations.
- NCCDPHP's Associate
Director for Cardiovascular Health Policy and Research and the CDC Core
Staff.
National Forum
National Forum participants were responsible for reviewing
the draft plan from the perspectives of a wide range of partners,
constituencies, and other interested parties. They also were asked to assess
priorities for the many proposed action steps and to consider the potential
contributions of partners to implementing the plan. The National Forum
comprised the following participants:
- All members of the
Working Group.
- Representatives from
additional state and territorial organizations.
- Additional new
partners.
- Additional
representatives of the CVH research community.
- Additional CDC staff
members from other Centers, Institutes, and Offices (CIOs).
- Other appointees as
recommended during the planning process.
General Process and Format
The CDC Core Staff was
responsible for overall planning and for executing production of the plan,
including preparation of working drafts of all materials and the final draft
for publication. The CDC Core Staff established and maintained Internet
communications about the process and interim products to make the material
widely accessible and to encourage broad–based input. A contractor was
responsible for logistical arrangements for all meetings.
The Working Group met
first in December 2001 to provide input to the draft outline, draft
implementation plan, and Expert Panel instructions and to recommend members
for the National Forum. During its second meeting in late May 2002, members
reviewed and discussed the reports of the five Expert Panels and the
implementation plan. Based on this discussion, the CDC Core Staff prepared a
draft of the plan for review by the National Forum.
Each Expert Panel was
convened for two meetings, the first during January–February 2002 and the
second during March–May 2002. These meetings included preliminary
discussions, interim work, and final discussions, which led to completed
position papers for each panel that will be published separately.
In preparation for the
first meeting, panelists received selected background material and were
asked to prepare a written statement on their topics. This material was
compiled and distributed to all members of each panel before the meeting.
During the first meeting, participants discussed their designated component
of the plan and identified approximately five issues of foremost importance
regarding that component. This discussion facilitated development of a set
of premises, which each panel used as the basis for their recommendations.
These premises are as follows:
Panel A: Policy and Programs
- Policy development for
cardiovascular health (CVH) promotion and cardiovascular disease (CVD)
prevention must proceed under a comprehensive framework that recognizes
the full array of cardiovascular disorders (e.g., heart attack, heart
failure, stroke, vascular dementia) and the need to establish strategic
links with efforts to prevent other chronic conditions of public health
concern (e.g., obesity, diabetes, pulmonary disease, cancer).
- For maximum impact,
community–wide interventions must address all appropriate settings, all
opportunities throughout the life span, and the total U.S. population,
with added emphasis on populations at high risk.
- A comprehensive public
health strategy must focus on preventing major risk factors and assuring
services to detect and control them once they develop. This strategy must
also support efforts to widely implement guidelines for early
identification and treatment of acute CVD events and prevention of
recurrent events.
- The ideal program
should be 1) national in scope, with state and local adaptation and
implementation; 2) based on strategic partnerships, both innovative and
established; 3) comprehensive with respect to CVD development and
intervention approaches; and 4) responsive to community concerns.
Panel B: Capacity Development and Support
- Preventing heart
disease and stroke requires a robust and effective public health
infrastructure. Recent events have underscored the need for improved
public health infrastructure in the United States. The current public
health infrastructure urgently needs to be transformed to allow initiation
of programs that are large enough and have the necessary competencies to
achieve the goals of the plan. Such competencies include technical as well
as political capacity (i.e., to develop policies, partnerships, and a
societal commitment to prevent heart disease and stroke). Both aspects are
essential. Technical capacity does not assure its own implementation, and
a societal commitment cannot succeed without technical capacity.
- The public health
capacities needed to prevent and manage CVD and other chronic diseases
differ from those needed for communicable disease control. CVD presents
special challenges because of its roots in societal conditions, its
protracted duration of development, its varied manifestations, and the
need for a continuum of intervention approaches (from CVH promotion
through the full spectrum of primary and secondary CVD prevention). Thus,
addressing chronic diseases such as CVD requires an infrastructure of
technical expertise and policies different from traditional public health
agency models.
- The goals of this plan
can best be met by recognizing the needed contributions of a diverse and
culturally competent workforce.
- Capacity should be
developed specifically to eliminate racial, ethnic, and geographic
disparities in heart disease and stroke, through development of resources
and competencies that address the causes of these disparities.
- Capacity should be
developed at multiple levels, including local (i.e., city, county), state,
tribal, and national. Challenges and opportunities unique to each should
be considered. All levels should engage communities where people live,
work, learn, and play.
- These recommendations
can be supported by the accumulated knowledge and experience in public
health practice and prevention research, which is sometimes derived from
randomized trials but more often depends on other types of evidence (like
many public health decisions).
Panel C: Monitoring, Evaluation, and Communication
- Surveillance is needed
at national, state, and especially local levels, with indicators
established for community and individual measures.
- A strong focus is
needed on current and future uses of new data.
- Publicly funded CVH
programs must conduct process and outcome evaluations. Privately funded
programs should be encouraged to do the same.
- When planning
surveillance and evaluation, three questions must be answered: What are
the minimum data requirements? What additional data are highly desirable?
What is the ideal scope of data collection? These answers are needed to
develop appropriate interventions for CVD, to monitor the factors leading
to CVD development, and to assess the impact of interventions on the
population. These answers are also critical for setting priorities for
data collection systems.
Panel D: Research in CVH Promotion and CVD Prevention
- A research agenda for
heart disease and stroke prevention must recognize the opportunities for
research throughout the life span. Conditions that lead to CVD development
(e.g., atherosclerosis, high blood pressure) can result from exposures
during childhood, adolescence, or even gestation. Risk factor levels
generally progress throughout adulthood. Many older adults remain at high
risk for continued progression of atherosclerosis and high blood pressure
or recurrence of heart attacks or strokes unless adequate preventive
measures are taken. Thus, preventive measures are important in childhood
and adolescence (or earlier) and throughout early, middle, and later adult
years.
- The concept of best
practices is well established in public health and involves systematic
review and assessment of available knowledge in accordance with accepted
criteria. An appropriate review of the extensive knowledge and experience
that already exists from public health practices in preventing heart
disease and stroke would advance CVD best practices and help shape the
prevention research agenda.
- The distinction
between policy, environmental, and individual approaches to addressing CVD
should be recognized. All are appropriate, and each has elements
especially suited to particular settings.
- New prevention
research will continually be needed to identify and evaluate current and
proposed interventions, especially those related to policy and
environment, which have rarely been investigated. Prevention effectiveness
studies are needed to investigate interventions, addressing such aspects
as the percentage of disease occurrence that can be prevented, costs and
cost–effectiveness, feasibility
(strengths/weaknesses/opportunities/threats), specific target populations,
multiple levels (local, state, national), multiple settings (communities,
work sites, schools, families), specific behaviors or health states
studied as outcomes (e.g., smoking cessation, obesity), and effects of
varied combinations of approaches (e.g., in a comprehensive model
program).
- Important determinants
of cardiovascular risk, including social and environmental conditions,
have been investigated much less than personal behaviors (e.g., dietary
imbalance, physical inactivity, smoking). These determinants require
prominent attention in the research agenda.
- The infrastructure
needed for such research includes multiple agencies and organizations at
national, state, and local levels (including federal agencies, national
voluntary organizations, and foundations). The roles of these and other
potential partners in implementing the research agenda are an important
aspect of implementing the plan.
Panel E: Global Cardiovascular Health
- A public health
strategy for CVH promotion and CVD prevention is guided by commitment to
the social values of health as a human right, equity, solidarity,
participation, and accountability.1
- Cooperating on global
CVD control and CVH promotion is imperative and urgent. Partners in this
plan recognize the strategic need for strong U.S. involvement in global
CVH issues.
- The basic needs of
vast numbers of people continue to be unmet, and the resulting health
challenges leave many people without hope. A more optimistic view
recognizes and responds to the importance of a global context in
addressing health and security. Better health—achieved through
improvements in basic living conditions, income, education, and social
services (including health care)—is a key element to achieving a better
and safer world for everyone. Without these elements, better CVH cannot be
fully achieved.
- With current knowledge
and resources, a world that is substantially free from epidemic heart
disease and stroke can be envisioned. Eliminating health inequalities and
increasing the quality and years of healthy life are strategic goals for
the global community in this century.
- To progress, we must
maximize the use of all resources in our globalized, interconnected, and
interdependent world. Despite the current picture of world affairs, our
commitment to improving health conditions, especially CVH, offers the hope
of a better future.
- The first four
components of this plan (taking action, strengthening capacity, evaluating
impact, and advancing policy) can also apply to global CVH promotion.
Global recommendations in these areas must 1) correspond to global needs;
2) correspond to capacities and resources of CDC and its partners; 3)
contribute to advancing national CVH or enrich the plan itself; and 4)
reflect the underlying values and correspond to the stated vision of the
plan.
- Based on the preceding
criteria for global recommendations, CDC is assumed to be the primary
agency to support their implementation, in conjunction with regional and
global partners. The recommendations are directed accordingly.
The second meeting of
each panel focused on making specific recommendations for the Action Plan.
Areas of consensus and difference were identified, and salient points were
incorporated in a set of recommendations and corresponding action steps. The
recommendations and action steps constituted the primary products of the
Expert Panels. These were used to prepare the draft plan, after synthesis by
the Working Group.
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Reference
- Advisory Board of the
First International Conference on Women, Heart Disease and Stroke. The
2000 Victoria Declaration on Women, Heart Diseases and Stroke.
Victoria, Canada: Advisory Board of the First International Conference on
Women, Heart Disease and Stroke; May 8–10, 2000.
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Action Plan Participants
Working Group |
Chair
David C. Goff, Jr. |
|
Consultant
Betty Sue Flowers |
Members |
Deedy Buric
Gerald Cooper
Adolfo Correa
Janet Croft
William Dietz
Robinson Fulwood
Wayne Giles
Meighan Girgus
Matthew Guidry
Dan Hanley
Rosemarie Henson
Gary Hogelin |
Lloyd Kolbe
Brick Lancaster
Ellen Magnis
Margaret Malone
Christopher Maylahn
George A. Mensah
Joanne Mitten
Gary Myers
F. Javier Nieto
Thomas A. Pearson
Elizabeth Puckett
James Raczynski |
Rose Marie Robertson
Wayne Rosamond
Eduardo J. Sanchez
Dan Sadler
Patti Shwayder
Patricia Turner
Gregory Taylor
Frank Vinicor
Joan Ware
Nancy Watkins
Elinor Wilson |
Expert Panel A: Policy and Programs |
|
Chair
Elizabeth Puckett |
|
Members |
Robert Beaglehole
Gerald Berenson
Crystelle Fogle
Philip B. Gorelick
Robert Kaplan
Thomas E. Kottke |
Russell V. Luepker
David MacLean
George A. Mensah
Gary Myers
Terry Pechacek
Linda Redman |
Dawn Satterfield
Tom Schmid
Jennifer Smith
Howell Wechsler |
Expert Panel B: Capacity Development and Support |
|
Chair
Thomas A. Pearson |
|
Members |
Stephanie Bailey
Carolyn Fisher
Diana Hawkins
George A. Mensah
Brian O'Connor |
Alonzo Plough
Kristin Pope
Charlene Sanders
Suzanne Smith
Jody Stones |
Lois Voelker
Nancy Watkins
Fran Wheeler |
Expert Panel C: Monitoring, Evaluation, and Communication |
|
Chair
Christopher Maylahn |
|
Members |
Ruth Bonita
Janet Croft
Linda Geiss
Jo Anne Grunbaum
Yuling Hong
Rochelle Hurst |
Sara Huston
Laura Kann
Nora Keenan
Laura Kettel Khan
George A. Mensah
Michael Schooley |
Petra Todd
Wendy Wattigney
Andy Wielgosz
Sheree Williams |
Expert Panel D: Research in CVH Promotion and CVD Prevention |
|
Chair
Wayne Rosamond |
|
Members |
Gloria Beckles
Richard Cooper
Adolfo Correa
Janet Croft
Jo Anne Grunbaum
Phil Huang
Nora Keenan |
Steven Kelder
Beverly Kingsley
Lewis Kuller
Shiriki Kumanyika
Catherine Law
Anne–Marie Malarcher
Dyann Matson Koffman |
Henry McGill
George A. Mensah
Michael Pratt
Steven Teutsch
Debra Wigand |
Expert Panel E: Global Cardiovascular Health |
|
Chair
Elinor Wilson |
|
Members |
Samira Asma
Ricardo Granero
Kurt Greenlund
Jo Anne Grunbaum
Sonja Hedlund |
Samer Jabbour
Becky Lankenau
Shanthi Mendis
George A. Mensah
K. Srinath Reddy
Linda Redman |
Sylvie Stachenko
James F. Toole
Lois Voelker
Pam Wilson
Zhi–Jie Zheng |
CDC Core Staff |
Darwin R. Labarthe |
Miriam M. Fay |
Juanita Chukwura |
National Forum Participants |
Alliance of Community
Health Plans
Cia Byrnes, Vice President for Medical Affairs and Government Programs
American Academy
of Family Physicians
Erik Lindbloom, Representative
American Academy
of Neurology
Walter Koroshetz, Chair, Stroke Task Force
American Academy
of Pediatrics
Frank Galioto, Jr., Member, Committee on Cardiology
American
Association of Diabetes Educators
Kathy Berkowitz, President
American College
of Cardiology
Cary Sennett, Senior Associate Executive Vice President
American College
of Preventive Medicine
Jordan Richland, Executive Director
American Diabetes
Association
Nathaniel Clark, National Vice President, Clinical Affairs
American Dietetic
Association
Judy Dausch, Senior Manager for Regulatory Affairs
American Heart
Association (AHA)/American Stroke Association (ASA)
Rose Marie Robertson, Past President, AHA
Katherine Krause, Executive Vice President, AHA
Mark Schoeberl, Vice–President, State Advocacy & Health
Initiatives, Department of Advocacy, AHA
Vickie Peters, Director, Strategic Planning, AHA
Suzanne Smith, Advocacy Consultant, AHA
F. Javier Nieto, Chair, Research and Training Task Force,
Scientific Council on Epidemiology and Prevention (CEP), AHA
Ellen Magnis, Director, ASA
Meighan Girgus, Vice President, ASA
Larry Goldstein, Chair, ASA
American Legacy
Foundation
Lyndon Haviland, Chief Operating Officer
American Public
Health Association
Mohammad Akhter, Executive Director
Association of
Black Cardiologists
Malcolm Taylor, President
B. Waine Kong, Chief Executive Officer
Association of
Schools of Public Health
Tamara Burnette, Executive Assistant
Association of
State and Territorial Directors of Health Promotion and Public Health
Education
Joanne Mitten
Association of
State and Territorial Health Officials
Kathleen Nolan, Senior Director for Prevention Policy
Association of
State and Territorial Public Health Nutrition Directors
Denise Ferris, President
Canadian
Institutes of Health Research, Institute of Circulatory and Respiratory
Health
Arun Chockalingam, Assistant Director
Centers for
Medicare & Medicaid Services, Quality Improvement Group
Eugene Freund, Senior Clinical Advisor
Chinese Task Force
Michael Wong, Chair
Candice Wong
Chronic Disease
Directors, Cardiovascular Health Council
Jennifer Smith, Chair
Council of Chief
State School Officers
Stephanie Yun, Project Assistant
Foundation for
Accountability
Susan Prows, Senior Director
Health Canada
Gregory Taylor, Director, Disease Intervention Division
Nancy Porteous, Senior Policy Analyst
Health Research
and Educational Trust
Phillip Kletke, Director, Health Systems Studies
HealthPartners,
Center for Health Promotion
Nico Pronk, Vice President
Heart and Stroke
Foundation of Canada
Elinor Wilson, Chief Science Officer; Chair, Expert Panel E
Human Resources
and Services Administration, Bureau of Primary Health Care, Division of
Community and Migrant Health
Richard Bohrer, Director
Indian Health
Service
Nathaniel Cobb, Principal Consultant for Chronic Disease;
Co–Director, National Epidemiology Program
James Galloway, Director, Native American Cardiology Program
InterAmerican
Heart Foundation
Beatriz Champagne, Executive Director
International
Society for Hypertension in Blacks
John Flack, President
International
Stroke Society
James F. Toole, President
Jacobs Institute
of Women's Health
Robyn Lipner, Executive Director
Kaiser Permanente,
Care Management Institute
William Caplan, Director of Clinical Development
Mass PRO
Kenneth LaBresh, Associate Medical Director
National
Association for Sport and Physical Education
Kim Graber, President
National
Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO)
Stephanie Bailey, Director of Health, Metro Nashville/Davidson
County Health Department
Alonzo Plough, Director, Seattle–King County Department of
Public Health
National Civic
League
Drew O'Connor, Director of Community Services
National Committee
for Quality Assurance
Donna Pillittere, Senior Health Care Analyst, Measures Development
National Governors
Association
Joan Henneberry, Director, Health Policy
National Heart,
Lung, and Blood Institute
Robinson Fulwood, Senior Manager, Public Health Program Development
National Indian
Health Board
Lenna Aoki, Consultant
National Institute
of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
Saul Malozowski, Senior Advisor for Clinical Trials and Diabetes
Translation
National Institute
of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, Office of Science Policy and
Planning
Patricia Turner, Program Analyst
National Stroke
Association
Deedy Buric, Vice President of Program Development
New York State
Department of Health, Bureau of Health Risk Reduction
Christopher Maylahn, Director
North Carolina
Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Public Health,
Cardiovascular Health Unit
Elizabeth Puckett, Head; Chair, Expert Panel A
Northwestern
University Medical School, Department of Preventive Medicine
Jeremiah Stamler, Professor Emeritus, Keynote Lecturer
Pan American
Health Organization (PAHO), Division of Health Promotion and Protection
Maria Cerqueira, Director
Partnership for
Prevention
John Clymer, President
Pulmonary
Hypertension Association
Lorie Simmons, Director, Advocacy and Awareness
Smart Growth
America
Don Chen, Executive Director
Society for Public
Health Education (SOPHE)
Patrick Stieg, Ambassador
Society of State
Directors of Health, Physical Education and Recreation
Sharon Murray, Executive Director
St. Luke's
Episcopal Health Charities
Patricia Gail Bray, Director of Research
Texas Department
of Health
Eduardo J. Sanchez, Commissioner of Health
University of
Alabama at Birmingham, Center for Health Promotion, Department of Health
Behavior, School of Public Health
James Raczynski, Director
University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Epidemiology
Wayne Rosamond, Associate Professor; Chair, Expert Panel D
University of
Rochester Medical Center, Department of Community and Preventive
Medicine
Thomas A. Pearson, Professor; Chair, Expert Panel B
U.S. Department of
Education, Department of Safe and Drug–Free Schools
Jennifer Medearis, Policy Analyst
U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health
Promotion
Matthew Guidry, Deputy Director for External Affairs
Utah Department of
Health, Utah Cardiovascular Health Program
Joan Ware, Director
Wake Forest
University School of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences and
Internal Medicine
David C. Goff, Jr., Professor; Chair, Working Group
Washington
Business Group on Health, Center for Prevention and Health Services
Michael Britt, Manager
World Bank
Division of Health, Nutrition and Population
Daniel Miller, Health Specialist
Latin America and Caribbean Regional Office
Isabella Danel, Senior Public Health Specialist
World Health
Organization, Noncommunicable Disease and Mental Health Cluster
Derek Yach, Executive Director
World Heart
Federation
Mario Fernando Camargo Maranhaõ, President
Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Office of The Director
Martha F. Katz, Deputy Director for Policy and Legislation
National Center for Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities
Adolfo Correa, Medical Epidemiologist
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
James S. Marks, Director
Janet Collins, Deputy Director
Connie Carmack, Acting Deputy Associate Director for Planning
Virginia S. Bales, Director, Division of Adult and Community
Health (DACH)
Janet Croft, Epidemiologist, Cardiovascular Health Branch, DACH
William Dietz, Director, Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity
Wayne Giles, Associate Director for Science, DACH
Rosemarie Henson, Director, Office on Smoking and Health
(OSH)
Lloyd Kolbe, Director, Division of Adolescent and School Health
Brick Lancaster, Chief, Program Services Branch, OSH
Margaret Malone, Deputy Branch Chief, Cardiovascular Health
Branch, DACH
George A. Mensah, Chief, Cardiovascular Health Branch, DACH
Terry Pechacek, Associate Director for Science, OSH
Frank Vinicor, Director, Division of Diabetes Translation
Nancy Watkins, Health Education Specialist, Cardiovascular
Health Branch, DACH
National Center for Environmental Health
Gary Myers, Chief, Clinical Chemistry Branch
Gerald Cooper, Research Medical Officer, Clinical Chemistry
Branch
CDC Core Staff
Darwin R. Labarthe, Associate Director for Cardiovascular Health
Policy and Research, DACH
Miriam M. Fay, ASPH/CDC Research Fellow, DACH
Juanita Chukwura, Program Analyst, DACH
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Contents
Date last reviewed:
05/12/2006
Content source: Division for Heart Disease and Stroke
Prevention,
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and
Health Promotion |
|