Mute Swans in Maryland: A Statewide Management Plan
Maryland Department of Natural Resources
Wildlife and Heritage Service
April 14, 2003

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION 

STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION 

ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS AND CONFLICTS 

Impacts to Public Safety and Use of Private Property 
Grazing Impacts Upon Submerged Aquatic Vegetation 
Impacts to Property and Agricultural Resources 
Direct Impacts to Native Wildlife 

POSITIVE VALUES AND USE 

Aesthetic Values 
Economic Values 

LEGAL DEFINITION AND PUBLIC POLICIES

Legal Status 
Public Policies Pertaining to Invasive Species and Mute Swans 

POPULATION ANALYSIS 

Impacts of Reducing Survival and Recruitment on Population Growth Rate

CONCLUSIONS AND MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS 

MANAGEMENT GOAL AND POPULATION OBJECTIVE

Management Goal 
Long-term Population Objective 

MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES

Public Outreach and Education Population 
Management and Resource Protection 
Captive Mute Swan Management 
Relief of Human Safety and Nuisance Conflicts
Population Monitoring and Research 

BIBLIOGRAPHY 

APPENDIX A: Waterfowl Advisory Committee and Mute Swan Task Force Recommendations 

APPENDIX B: Maryland Statutes Pertaining to the Management of Mute Swan 

APPENDIX C: Public Policies That Guide DNR Swan Management 

APPENDIX D: Swan-Free Areas