Beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (BAR) agonists are the most important group of drugs used in the treatment of asthma. In children unresponsive to inhaled BAR agonist therapy, higher dose systemic BAR agonist therapy is frequently the next step in treatment. Despite the widespread use of intravenous BAR agonist therapy for pediatric status asthmaticus, there is controversy regarding the efficacy of this therapy. A number of studies have established that genetic variations of the BAR have important effects in modulating responses to BAR agonist therapy for asthma. In particular, changes in amino acid position 16 of the BAR gene are thought to be the most functionally important. Patients encoded for two glycine amino acids, rather than arginine, at this position appear to have more severe asthma and to respond differently to acute BAR agonist therapy.

Our hypothesis is that genotypic differences may contribute to poor response to acute BAR agonist treatment. We propose to conduct a prospective observational study to determine the influence of a patient's BAR genotype on the response to acute BAR agonist therapy.

Our specific hypothesis is that children with genetic polymorphisms of the gene encoding the BAR will have a decreased response to acute high-dose continuous BAR therapy (both inhaled and intravenous) compared to other children.

Our primary outcome is ICU length of stay. Secondary outcomes are

1. to assess the rate of improvement in clinical asthma score based on genotype, and
2. to attempt to correlate asthma phenotype with genotype by comparing demographic data and hospital course.