• Observing changes over time with respect to the following biochemical endpoints: Procollagen I and III, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs 1, 3, and 9), and several cytokines including Interleukins and Tumor Necrosis Factor. [ Time Frame: Group I: 1-4 weeks; Group II: 1-3 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  

• Changes in clinical features associated with sun-damaged or wrinkled skin. [ Time Frame: Group I: 1-4 weeks, Group II: 1-3 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  

Microdermabrasion is rapidly becoming one of the most popular cosmetic procedures performed by dermatologists and plastic surgeons. Microdermabrasion is a process that uses a high-pressure stream of aluminum oxide crystals and negative pressure to superficially peel the upper layer of the skin. Its purported benefits include improvement of photoaged skin, acne, and facial scarring.

The appeal of microdermabrasion is its effectiveness, simplicity, low patient and operator risk, and rapid recovery. Clinically, studies have illustrated beneficial effects on photodamaged skin.

Histologically, microdermabrasion has reproducible effects on the epidermis and dermis. Studies have shown a consistent increase in epidermal thickness as well as changes in the elastin content of the dermis while changes in collagen content have not been observed.

The reported clinical and histologic changes seen in previous studies suggest that alterations in the dermis precipitated by epidermal injury may be responsible for the beneficial effects of microdermabrasion on photoaging and scarring. In fact, others have reported that skin fibroblasts under tension may increase collagen synthesis.

Disruption of the epidermal barrier initiates a repair process that restores barrier function within hours to days, depending on the severity of the damage. This repair process involves increased synthesis of barrier lipids, followed by formation of new corneocytes. Elevated lipid synthesis largely occurs as a result of increased gene expression of the major enzymes responsible for lipid biosynthesis.

In this study, subjects will be assigned to one of two treatment groups. Patients in the first group will have their hip/buttock or forearm treated with the microdermabrasion machine. There may be only one treatment or as many as 6 on the same area, spaced up to two weeks apart. The treated area will be on either the right or left buttock and/or forearm and/or underarm. An area of approximately 10x10 cm (4x4 inches) will be treated. Skin biopsies will be performed on up to nine different times, up to six months following dermabrasion, on treated and/or untreated skin from the buttocks, forearm and/or underarm. Therefore, a total of (up to) nine biopsies will be taken from subjects in this group. The biopsies will be 4 mm or smaller in size, or about the size of a pencil eraser. Subjects can expect to make six visits to the hospital over a 3-4 week period of time.

Subjects assigned to the second group will have their face treated with microdermabrasion at a weekly to biweekly interval for a total of six treatments. One pair of biopsies will be taken prior to the first treatment, and the 2nd and 3rd pair will be taken on two different occasions no later than 3 months following the final treatment. Thus, the maximum number of biopsies in group II is six. The biopsies will be 2mm punch, "cookie-cutter", biopsies and will be taken from in front of the ear. Subjects can expect to make 8-10 visits to the hospital over a 2-3 month period of time.