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BACKGROUND/RATIONALE:
Heart failure is a major public health burden in the United States characterized by increased morbidity and mortality, and reduce exercise capacity with distressing symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue. Evaluating the effects of complementary intervention (such as exercise training) on functional status and QOL are clinically important and relevant to HF patients.
In the last decade, hospital-based and a home bicycle exercise programs for HF have been shown to improve peak oxygen consumption (VO2) and symptom scores, and restore autonomic balance. These programs may be costly for patients to perform. Improved peak VO2 may not necessarily translate into improved functional status and quality of life. To date, the effects of a home walking exercise program alone on functional status, QOL and autonomic tone has not been evaluated.
OBJECTIVE(S):
The specific aim was to compare functional status (FS), quality of life (QOL) and autonomic tone in 2 groups of advanced HF patients (nurse-managed home walking exercise (HWE) group vs. control group).
METHODS:
A randomized controlled trial comparing a 12-week nurse-managed progressive HWE protocol to usual activity was conducted in 79 HF patients (78[99%] male; mean age 62.6 ± 10.6 years; EF 27 ± 8.8%; 63 [80%] NYHA II, 15[20%] NYHA III-IV; HF duration 39.2 ± 41.8 months) from a VA medical center and a university affiliated medical center. The 12- week HWE program is once a day, 5x a week and initiated at 10 minutes and progressively increases in duration and intensity up to 60 minutes. Pre- and post-study measures were FS (peak VO2 and ventilatory threshold via CPX, 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and a Heart Failure Functional Status Inventory (HFFSI)), QOL (Cardiac Quality of life Index (C-QLI), SF-36, and Dyspnea-Fatigue Index (DFI) with global rating of symptoms), and autonomic tone (norepinephrine (NE) and heart rate variability (HRV)). Intention-to-treat analysis with repeated measures ANOVA was used to identify group differences.
FINDINGS/RESULTS:
63 (79%) patients completed the program. No adverse events related to exercise testing or training occurred. Mean compliance to the exercise prescription was 74%. Compared to the usual activity group, exercisers had longer walking distances by 6MWT (1264 ± 255 vs 1337 ± 272 feet, p= .001) and longer CPX exercise duration (6.4 ± 2.9 vs. 7.5 ± 3.0 minutes, p= .02); however, peak VO2 and HFFSI was not significant between groups. Although the DFI was not significant, exercisers reported improved global assessment of dyspnea and fatigue compared to usual activity patients (t= 2.42, p= .02). No significant findings were found on C-QLI, SF-36, and autonomic tone measures.
CONCLUSIONS: In HF patients, progressive home walking exercise is safe, increases walking distance and exercise duration, and decreases global symptom of dyspnea and fatigue.
IMPACT:
Clinicians at the VA health care system should consider a home walking programs for those HF patients who has difficulty accessing hospital-based cardiac rehabilitation programs. At a time when management of HF patients is moving out of the hospital and into the home with increasing frequency, these findings provide support for the safety and efficacy of home-based exercise.
PUBLICATIONS:
None at this time.
DRA:
Chronic Diseases, Health Services and Systems
DRE:
Resource Use and Cost, Treatment
Keywords:
Chronic heart failure, Functional status, Nursing
MeSH Terms:
Endarterectomy, Carotid, Health Status, Nursing, Decision Making, Organizational, Decision Support Systems, Management
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